典型水库沉积有机质组成特征及其源解析
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摘要
为研究中国典型水库沉积有机质的组成特征及来源,分别采集密云水库、双塔水库表层沉积物样品,对样品的总有机碳(TOC,g/kg)、总氮(TN,g/kg)、总有机碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(org),‰)、总氮同位素(δ~(15)N_(total),‰)、脂肪烃、脂肪醇和脂肪酸等进行了分析研究。研究表明,脂肪酸是密云水库和双塔水库表层沉积物中可溶性有机质的主要组分(分别占可溶性有机质的85.8%和81.7%),脂肪烃和脂肪醇含量较少。密云水库沉积物中的脂肪烃主要来自陆源的C_3木本植物,双塔水库沉积物中脂肪烃主要来自水体浮游动物。该研究中的沉积物脂肪酸和脂肪醇均表现为水库内源生物源为主要来源特征,水体好氧菌源脂肪酸是双塔水库沉积物脂肪酸的的主要组分,而密云水库沉积物脂肪酸更多地表现为水体藻类和厌氧菌源特征。
In order to investigate the composition and sources of organic matter in the surface sediments from typical reservoir,China,sediment samples from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,were collected,and total organic carbon(TOC,g/kg),total nitrogen(TN,g/kg),total organic carbon isotope(δ~(13)C_(org),‰),total nitrogen isotope(δ~(15)N_(total),‰),aliphatic hydrocarbon,fatty alcohol and fatty acid were determined.The results indicated that fatty acid was the main component of soluble organic matter in the sediments from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,accounting for 85.8%and 81.7%of soluble organic matte;the contents of fatty alcohol and aliphatic hydrocarbon were low.The terrigenous C_3woody plants were the main sources of alphatic hydrocarbons in the sediment from Reservoir Miyun,and zooplanktons were the main sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sediment from Reservoir Shuangta.The endogenous biology was the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbon and fatty alcohol in the sediment samples from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,the fatty acid from aquatic aerobic bacteria was the main component of fatty acid in the sediment from Reservoir Shuangta,while the fatty acid in the sediment from Reservoir Miyun was mainly from aquatic alga and anaerobic bacteria.
In order to investigate the composition and sources of organic matter in the surface sediments from typical reservoir,China,sediment samples from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,were collected,and total organic carbon(TOC,g/kg),total nitrogen(TN,g/kg),total organic carbon isotope(δ~(13)C_(org),‰),total nitrogen isotope(δ~(15)N_(total),‰),aliphatic hydrocarbon,fatty alcohol and fatty acid were determined.The results indicated that fatty acid was the main component of soluble organic matter in the sediments from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,accounting for 85.8%and 81.7%of soluble organic matte;the contents of fatty alcohol and aliphatic hydrocarbon were low.The terrigenous C_3woody plants were the main sources of alphatic hydrocarbons in the sediment from Reservoir Miyun,and zooplanktons were the main sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sediment from Reservoir Shuangta.The endogenous biology was the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbon and fatty alcohol in the sediment samples from Reservoir Miyun and Reservoir Shuangta,the fatty acid from aquatic aerobic bacteria was the main component of fatty acid in the sediment from Reservoir Shuangta,while the fatty acid in the sediment from Reservoir Miyun was mainly from aquatic alga and anaerobic bacteria.
引文
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[23]Liu H,Liu W G.n-alkane distributions and concentrations in algae,submerged plants and terrestrial plants from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Organic Geochemistry,2016,99:10–22.
[24]Ho E S,Meyers P A.Variability of early diagenesis in lake sediments:evidence from the sedimentary geolipid record in an isolated tarn[J].Chemical Geology,1994,112:309-324.
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[26]Rajendran N,Matsuda O,Rajendran R,et al.Comparative description of microbial community structure in surface sediments of eutrophic bays[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1997,34:26–33.
[27]Ishiwatari R,Yamamoto S,Shinovama S.Lignin and fatty acid records in Lake Baikal sediments over the last 130 kyr:a comparison with pollen records[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37:1787-1802.
[2]Muri G,Wakeham S G,Pease T K,et al.Evaluation of lipid biomarkers as indicators of changes in organic matter delivery to sediments from Lake Planina,a remote mountain lake in NW Slovenia[J].Organic Geochemistry,2004,35:1083–1093.
[3]Wang Y H,Yang H,Zhang J X,et al.Biomarker and stable carbon isotopic signatures for 100–200 year sediment record in the Chaihe catchment in southwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502:266–275.
[4]Apostolopouloua M V,Monteyne E,Krikonis K,et al.n-Alkanes and stable C,N isotopic compositions as identifiers of organic matter sources in Posidonia oceanica meadows of Alexandroupolis Gulf,NE Greece[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,99:346–355.
[5]Pond K L,Huang Y S,Wang Y,et al.Hydrogen isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes as an intrinsic tracer for bioremediation and source identification of petroleum contamination[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36:724–728.
[6]Hoefs M J L,Rijpstra W I C,DamstéJ S S.The influence of oxic degradation on the sedimentary biomarker record I:evidence from Madeira Abyssal Plain turbidities[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2002,66:2719–2735.
[7]Fontugne M R,Jouanneau J M.Modulation of the particulate organic carbon flux to the ocean by a macrotidal estuary:evidence from measurements of carbon isotopes in organic matter from the Gironde system[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1987,24(3):377-387.
[8]Chen F X,Fang N F,Wang Y X,et al.Biomarkers in sedimentary sequences:indicators to track sediment sources over decadal time scales[J].Geomorphology,2017,278:1–11.
[9]Chen F X,Fang N F,Shi Z H.Using biomarkers as fingerprint properties to identify sediment sources in a small catchment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,557/558:123–133.
[10]Peters K E,Walters C C,Moldowan J M.The Biomarker Guide[M].2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005:1-1155.
[11]Supriyo K D,Routh J,Roychoudhury A N.Biomarker evidence of macrophyte and plankton community changes in Zeekoevlei,a shallow lake in South Africa[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2009,41:507-521.
[12]Rieley G,Collier R J,Jones D M,et al.Sources of sedimentary lipids deduced from stable carbon-isotope analyses of individual compounds[J].Nature,1991,352:425-427.
[13]Kennicutt M C II,Barker C,Brooks J M,et al.Selected organic matter source indicators in the Orinoco,Nile and Changjiang deltas[J].Organic Geochemistry,1987,11:41-51.
[14]Xiong Y Q,Wu F C,Fang J D,et al.Organic geochemical record of environmental changes in Lake Dianchi,China[J].Journal of Paleolimnology,2010,44:217-231.
[15]Colombo J C,Pelletier E,Brochu C,et al.Determination of hydrocarbon sources using n-alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbon distribution indices-case study:Rio de La Plata Estuary,Argentina[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1989,23:888–894.
[16]Zhang S Y,Li S L,Dong H P,et al.An analysis of organic matter sources for surface sediments in the central South Yellow Sea,China:evidence based on macroelements and n-alkanes[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,88:389–397.
[17]Hockun K,Mollenhauer G,Ho S L,et al.Using distributions and stable isotopes of n-alkanes to disentangle organic matter contributions to sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike,Argentina[J].Organic Geochemistry,2016,102:110–119.
[18]杜桂森,刘晓端,刘霞,等.密云水库水体营养状态分析[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2):192-196.Du Guisen,Liu Xiaoduan,Liu Xia,et al.Analysis on trophic state of water body in Miyun Reservoir[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2004,28(2):192-196.
[19]刘晓端,葛晓立,杜桂森,等.密云水库内湖富营养化现状分析[J].湖泊科学,2002,14(4):331-335.Liu Xiaoduan,Ge Xiaoli,Du Guisen,et al.Analysis on eutrophication status of inner lake in Miyun Reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Science,2002,14(4):331-335.
[20]Meyers P A.Applications of organic geochemistry to paleolimnolocal reconstructions:a summary of examples from the Laurentian Great Lakes[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(2):261-289.
[21]Meyers P A.Preservation of source identification of sedimentary organic matter during and after deposition[J].Chemical Geology,1994,144:289-302.
[22]Heras X D L,Grimalt J O,Albaigés J,et al.Origin and diagenesis of the organic matter in Miocene freshwater lacustrine phosphates(Cerdanya Basin,Eastern Pyrenees)[J].Organic Geochemistry,1989,14(6):667-677.
[23]Liu H,Liu W G.n-alkane distributions and concentrations in algae,submerged plants and terrestrial plants from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Organic Geochemistry,2016,99:10–22.
[24]Ho E S,Meyers P A.Variability of early diagenesis in lake sediments:evidence from the sedimentary geolipid record in an isolated tarn[J].Chemical Geology,1994,112:309-324.
[25]Wakeham S G,Beier J A.Fatty acid and sterol biomarkers as indicators of particulate matter source and alteration processes in the Black Sea[J].Deep-Sea Research,1991,38:S943-S968.
[26]Rajendran N,Matsuda O,Rajendran R,et al.Comparative description of microbial community structure in surface sediments of eutrophic bays[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1997,34:26–33.
[27]Ishiwatari R,Yamamoto S,Shinovama S.Lignin and fatty acid records in Lake Baikal sediments over the last 130 kyr:a comparison with pollen records[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37:1787-1802.