小清河入海口底泥重金属空间分布特征与风险评价
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摘要
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对小清河入海口底泥中的6种重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb)全量进行测定,研究了其空间分布特征和影响因素,并对潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:除Hg含量高于国家一级背景值外,其余5种重金属含量均远低于国家一级背景值含量,整体处于清洁水平。从水平分布上看:小清河沿岸重金属含量明显高于内地,呈依次递减趋势。从纵向剖面来看:在小清河两岸,重金属Cd和Cu在剖面分布无显著性差异,其余4种重金属在不同剖面层次存在显著性差异(P≤0.05);在小清河北岸重金属Zn有向下运动的趋势。风险评价表明:小清河入海口存在重金属Hg的轻度~中等程度污染,具有强生态危害,应该加强对重金属Hg的污染监测和管控。
The contents of six heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb) in the sediments of the Xiaoqing estuary were measured by the inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were studied and the potential ecological risks were evaluated by using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods. The results showed that the content of Hg was higher than its national background value and was lower than the second grade of the environment quality standard for soils. The contents of the other heavy metals were lower than their national background values, belonged to no pollution levels. The heavy metals contents in the shorewere significantly higher than those in the inland of the Xiaoqing River. There were no significant differences in the contents of Cd and Cu among soil profiles in the two shores of the Xiaoqing River while the significant differences(P ≤0.05) in the other four heavy metalswere found. The content of Zn showed a downward trendon the north shore of the Xiaoqing River. The correlations between heavy metalcontents and total soil carbon were weak on both sides of the Xiaoqing River. There was a strong ecological hazardfor heavy metal Hg,at mild to moderate pollution levels, in the estuary of the Xiaoqing River.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of heavy metal Hg pollution.
The contents of six heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb) in the sediments of the Xiaoqing estuary were measured by the inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were studied and the potential ecological risks were evaluated by using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index methods. The results showed that the content of Hg was higher than its national background value and was lower than the second grade of the environment quality standard for soils. The contents of the other heavy metals were lower than their national background values, belonged to no pollution levels. The heavy metals contents in the shorewere significantly higher than those in the inland of the Xiaoqing River. There were no significant differences in the contents of Cd and Cu among soil profiles in the two shores of the Xiaoqing River while the significant differences(P ≤0.05) in the other four heavy metalswere found. The content of Zn showed a downward trendon the north shore of the Xiaoqing River. The correlations between heavy metalcontents and total soil carbon were weak on both sides of the Xiaoqing River. There was a strong ecological hazardfor heavy metal Hg,at mild to moderate pollution levels, in the estuary of the Xiaoqing River.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of heavy metal Hg pollution.
引文
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[27]李秉钧,王全超,李宝泉,等.黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺重金属含量与生物质量评价[J].海洋科学,2013,37(11):16-20.
[28]张鹏岩,康国华,庞博,等.宿鸭湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(5):2125-2135.
[2]王越兴,尹魁浩,彭盛华,等.深圳市河流底泥重金属的污染现状及生态风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(10):918-919.
[3]胡蓉,吴会磊,张一心,等.湖北大冶镉污染稻田种植模式调整的生态补偿研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):214-220.
[4]王斌,王静.天津河流入海口沉积物重金属污染状况评价[J].北方环境,2013,25(8):25-28.
[5]YANG Z F,WANG Y,SHEN Z Y,et al.Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in sediments from the mainstream,tributaries,and lakes of the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166(2):1186-1194.
[6]贾英,方明,吴友军,等.上海河流沉积物重金属的污染特征与潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):147-153.
[7]于晓霞,赵学强,孙滨峰,等.济南市小清河流域表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布、生态风险及源解析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(2):78-84.
[8]FU J,HU X,TAO X,et al.Risk and toxicity assessments of heavy metals in sediments and fishes from the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(9):1887-1895.
[9]VAROL M.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River(Turkey)using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195(1):355-364.
[10]和庆,彭自然,张晨,等.长三角地区池塘养殖水产品重金属含量及其健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1070-1077.
[11]张倩,赵华甫,吴克宁,等.重金属超标农用地安全利用的地类转换模式研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(5):1071-1076.
[12]张俊华,卢翠玲,刘玉寒,等.开封城郊河道底泥重金属形态垂向分布特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1192-1201.
[13]HAKIMA Z,MOHAMED M,AZIZA M,et al.Environmental and ecological risk of heavy metals in the marine sediment from Dakhla Bay,Morocco[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(9):7970-7981.
[14]孙新收.山东省小清河流域管理对策研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.
[15]张桂芹,王兆军.济南地表水浅层沉积物中重金属污染风险评价[J].环境与可持续发展,2010,35(5):40-44.
[16]张莹,吕振波,徐宗法,等.环境污染对小清河口大型底栖动物多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(2):381-387.
[17]赵永强,曾江宁,高爱根,等.椒江口滩涂大型底栖动物群落格局与多样性[J].生物多样性,2009,17(3):303-309.
[18]郑昭佩,宋德香,张俊成.小清河济南段水污染现状与防治对策[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(12):1103-1105.
[19]王冬莹,于晓霞,郑囡.污染物排放量与河流水质输入响应关系初步研究——小清河(济南段)为例[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(7):69-72.
[20]孟春霞,邓春梅,姚鹏,等.小清河口及邻近海域的溶解氧[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(3):25-28.
[21]林颂.小清河口及邻近海域沉积环境特征及底栖生质量评价[D].中国海洋大学,2015.
[22]MULLER G.Index of geo-accumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[23]SHAH B A,SHAH A V,MISTRY C B,et al.Assessment of heavy metals in sediments near Hazira industrial zone at Tapti River estuary,Surat,India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(7):2365-2376.
[24]王存龙,夏学齐,赵西强,等.山东省小清河沿岸土壤重金属污染分布及迁移规律[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):530-538.
[25]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentlogicalapproach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[26]徐韧,杨颖,李志恩.海洋环境中重金属在贝类体内的蓄积分析[J].海洋通报,2007,26(5):117-120.
[27]李秉钧,王全超,李宝泉,等.黄河三角洲潮间带泥螺重金属含量与生物质量评价[J].海洋科学,2013,37(11):16-20.
[28]张鹏岩,康国华,庞博,等.宿鸭湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(5):2125-2135.