二电平电流型开关功率放大器稳定性分析
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摘要
二电平电流型PWM开关功率放大器广泛应用于电磁轴承系统中。首先给出二电平电流型PWM开关功率放大器的基本原理及线性化模型。然后结合二电平开关功率放大器输出电流的纹波特点,分析纹波对开关功率放大器稳定性的影响,在电流控制电路分别采用分立器件和集成PWM控制芯片情况下,得到保证开关功率放大器控制回路稳定工作的比例电流控制器的临界增益。最后针对分立器件的电流控制电路,提出一种在低增益条件下通过调整载波偏置电压来降低开关功率放大器稳态误差的方法。仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。
Two-level pulse width modulation(PWM) current mode switching power amplifiers have been widely used in active magnetic bearing systems.The basic principle and linearized model of the two-level current mode switching power amplifier are presented in this paper.Considering the characteristic of the output ripple current,the influence of ripple current on the stability of switching power amplifier is analyzed,and the critical gains of the proportional current controller designed with either discrete devices or integrated PWM controller are obtained respectively to ensure controller stability.When the proportional current controller is designed with the discrete devices,a method to decrease the output current steady-state error in the low gains by adjusting the offset voltage of triangular carrier is proposed.Simulation and experimental results agree with the theoretical analyses.
Two-level pulse width modulation(PWM) current mode switching power amplifiers have been widely used in active magnetic bearing systems.The basic principle and linearized model of the two-level current mode switching power amplifier are presented in this paper.Considering the characteristic of the output ripple current,the influence of ripple current on the stability of switching power amplifier is analyzed,and the critical gains of the proportional current controller designed with either discrete devices or integrated PWM controller are obtained respectively to ensure controller stability.When the proportional current controller is designed with the discrete devices,a method to decrease the output current steady-state error in the low gains by adjusting the offset voltage of triangular carrier is proposed.Simulation and experimental results agree with the theoretical analyses.
引文
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[11]Wang Dapeng,Wang Fengxiang,Zhao Yong.Study on three-level power amplifier of magnetic bearings for high speed machine[C]//International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology,Chengdu,China,2010:607-612.
[12]王军.磁悬浮轴承功率放大器建模及其软开关技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2010.
[13]王军,徐龙祥.磁悬浮轴承开关功率放大器等效数学模型[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(4):53-58,64.Wang Jun,Xu Longxiang.Equivalent mathematical models of switching power amplifier for magnetic bearing[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(4):53-58,64.
[14]张亮,房建成.电磁轴承开关功放的谐波模型仿真与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(21):95-100.Zhang Liang,Fang Jiancheng.Harmonic model simulation and experiment of the switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(21):95-100.
[15]Ren Yuan,Fang Jiancheng.Current-sensing resistor design to include current derivative in PWMH-bridge unipolar switching power amplifiers for magnetic bearings[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(12):4590-4600.
[16]Fang Jiancheng,Ren Yuan.Self-adaptive phase-lead compensation based on unsymmetrical current sampling resistance network for magnetic bearing switching power amplifiers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(2):1218-1227.
[17]周丹,祝长生.一种电磁轴承用三电平PWM开关功率放大器的失效机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(36):103-110.Zhou Dan,Zhu Changsheng.Failure mechanism of one kind of three-level PWM switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(36):103-110.
[18]Zhu Changsheng,Mao Zhiwei.A PWM based switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearings[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,China,2005:1563-1568.
[19]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[20]王剑,贾鹏宇,李艳,等.优化负载变换器输入阻抗的输入电流内环控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):92-101.Wang Jian,Jia Pengyu,Li Yan,et al.Input current inner loop control method to increase the input impedance of load converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):92-101.
[21]徐杨,钱挺.恒定导通时间控制Buck变换器的间隔周期斜率补偿方案[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):58-65.Xu Yang,Qian Ting.Every other cycle ramp compensation for Buck converters with constant ontime control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(4):58-65.
[22]Fang C,Redl R.Subharmonic instability limits for the peak-current-controlled Boost,Buck-Boost,Flyback,and SEPIC converters with closed voltage feedback loop[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(5):4048-4055.
[23]Youn H S,Park J S,Park K B,et al.A digital predictive peak current control for power factor correction with low-input current distortion[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):900-912.
[24]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[2]张亮,房建成.电磁轴承脉宽调制型开关功放的实现及电流纹波分析[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(3):13-20.Zhang Liang,Fang Jiancheng.Analysis of current ripple and implementation of pulse width modulation switching power amplifiers for active magnetic bearing[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(3):13-20.
[3]Schweitzer G,Maslen E H.Magnetic bearings:theory,design,and application to rotating machinery[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2009.
[4]王明义,曹继伟,张成明,等.单自由度磁悬浮系统电流控制(英)[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):25-31.Wang Mingyi,Cao Jiwei,Zhang Chengming,et al.Current control for the single degree of freedom maglev system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):25-31.
[5]Liu Jiaxi,Pei Le,Li Liyi,et al.The full digital drive on the voice coil motor based on the wafer stage[C]//IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference(VPPC),Hangzhou,China,2016:1-6.
[6]Ferreira J,Maslen E,Fittro R.Transpermeance amplifier applied to magnetic bearings[J].Actuators,2017,6(1):1-20.
[7]Meeker D C,Maslen E H,Noh M D.An augmented circuit model for magnetic bearings including eddy currents,fringing,and leakage[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1996,32(4):3219-3227.
[8]Peftitsis D,Rabkowski J.Gate and base drivers for silicon carbide powertransistors:an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(10):7194-7213.
[9]梁美,郑琼林,李艳,等.用于精确预测Si C MOSFET开关特性的分析模型[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):148-158.Liang Mei,Zheng Qionglin,Li Yan,et al.Analytical model of SiC MOSFET for accurately predicting the switching performance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(1):148-158.
[10]巴腾飞,李艳,梁美.寄生参数对SiC MOSFET栅源极电压影响的研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):64-73.Ba Tengfei,Li Yan,Liang Mei.The effect of parasitic parameters on gate-source voltage of SiCMOSFET[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(13):64-73.
[11]Wang Dapeng,Wang Fengxiang,Zhao Yong.Study on three-level power amplifier of magnetic bearings for high speed machine[C]//International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology,Chengdu,China,2010:607-612.
[12]王军.磁悬浮轴承功率放大器建模及其软开关技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2010.
[13]王军,徐龙祥.磁悬浮轴承开关功率放大器等效数学模型[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(4):53-58,64.Wang Jun,Xu Longxiang.Equivalent mathematical models of switching power amplifier for magnetic bearing[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(4):53-58,64.
[14]张亮,房建成.电磁轴承开关功放的谐波模型仿真与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(21):95-100.Zhang Liang,Fang Jiancheng.Harmonic model simulation and experiment of the switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearing[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(21):95-100.
[15]Ren Yuan,Fang Jiancheng.Current-sensing resistor design to include current derivative in PWMH-bridge unipolar switching power amplifiers for magnetic bearings[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(12):4590-4600.
[16]Fang Jiancheng,Ren Yuan.Self-adaptive phase-lead compensation based on unsymmetrical current sampling resistance network for magnetic bearing switching power amplifiers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(2):1218-1227.
[17]周丹,祝长生.一种电磁轴承用三电平PWM开关功率放大器的失效机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(36):103-110.Zhou Dan,Zhu Changsheng.Failure mechanism of one kind of three-level PWM switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(36):103-110.
[18]Zhu Changsheng,Mao Zhiwei.A PWM based switching power amplifier for active magnetic bearings[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,China,2005:1563-1568.
[19]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[20]王剑,贾鹏宇,李艳,等.优化负载变换器输入阻抗的输入电流内环控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):92-101.Wang Jian,Jia Pengyu,Li Yan,et al.Input current inner loop control method to increase the input impedance of load converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):92-101.
[21]徐杨,钱挺.恒定导通时间控制Buck变换器的间隔周期斜率补偿方案[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(4):58-65.Xu Yang,Qian Ting.Every other cycle ramp compensation for Buck converters with constant ontime control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(4):58-65.
[22]Fang C,Redl R.Subharmonic instability limits for the peak-current-controlled Boost,Buck-Boost,Flyback,and SEPIC converters with closed voltage feedback loop[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(5):4048-4055.
[23]Youn H S,Park J S,Park K B,et al.A digital predictive peak current control for power factor correction with low-input current distortion[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(1):900-912.
[24]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.