水稻主要农艺性状和抗倒性的基因型差异及其相互关系
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摘要
为明确水稻主要农艺性状对其抗倒性的影响,以黄淮稻区最新育成的28个品种为试验材料,按株高进行系统聚类,分析不同株高类型水稻主要农艺性状、茎秆特征和倒伏指数的基因型差异及其相互关系。结果表明,28个水稻品种主要农艺性状存在极显著基因型差异,株高、穗长、穗鲜重和籽粒产量变异系数分别为11.8%、12.2%、24.4%和9.9%;聚类后不同类群品种穗长、穗鲜重和籽粒产量均随株高增高而增加。所有参试品种倒3、倒4和倒5节位叶鞘长度、节间长度、节间鲜重和倒伏指数等性状均存在显著或极显著基因型差异,变异系数介于8.8%~40.4%之间,且聚类后不同类群品种对应性状参数均随着株高的增高而增加。相关性分析结果表明,供试水稻株高、穗长、穗鲜重及籽粒产量均与基部节间倒伏指数呈显著或极显著线性正相关,相关度依次为株高>穗长>穗鲜重>籽粒产量。说明不同品种水稻主要农艺性状及其茎秆特征存在极显著基因型差异,而这种差异对倒伏指数产生显著影响,其中株高、穗长和穗鲜重影响较大,而产量影响较小。综上,水稻育种过程中可以适当降低株高、减小穗型,通过增加穗数和改善群体质量来实现丰产性和抗倒性的双提升。本研究初步明确了水稻倒伏的基因型差异及其与主要农艺性状的关系,为抗倒伏水稻育种和栽培调控提供了理论参考。
In order to investigate the effects of main agronomic traits on rice lodging resistance,28 new rice cultivars from Huanghuai region analyzed with clustering the plant height were used to study the genotypic differences and the correlations among main agronomic traits,culm traits and lodging resistance. The results were as follows: the main agronomic traits of 28 cultivars showed significantly genotypic differences. The coefficient of variations( CV) of plant height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield were up to 11. 8%,12. 2%,24. 4% and 9. 9%,respectively. Improved panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield were correlated with the increase of plant height based on the observations of cluster analysis. Genotypic differences were found in sheath length,internode length,internode fresh weight and lodging index of 3 rd,4 th and 5 th internode position from the top,respectively,among which the C. V. varied from 8. 8% to 40. 4%. And all the parameters of different traits elevated with the increase of plant height in different grouped cultivars in cluster analysis. It showed that the height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield of all cultivars were significantly or highly significantly correlated with the lodging index of the basal internodes. And the order of linear correlations with lodging resistance( from high to low) was as follows: plant height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield. Significant genotypic differences between main agronomic traits and culm traits of different rice cultivars were observed. Moreover,these differences played a pronounced role in lodging resistance,in which the plant height,panicle length and panicle fresh weight had a greater effect compared to the yield. Therefore,to enhance the lodging resistance of rice varieties,relatively lower plant and smaller panicles,meanwhile higher panicle number and improved biomass of rice cultivars should be targeted in breeding,which could balance the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice. This study preliminarily clarified the genotypic differences and the correlations between main agronomic traits and lodging-resistance in rice,which provided theoretical reference for lodging-resistance breeding and cultivation regulation.
In order to investigate the effects of main agronomic traits on rice lodging resistance,28 new rice cultivars from Huanghuai region analyzed with clustering the plant height were used to study the genotypic differences and the correlations among main agronomic traits,culm traits and lodging resistance. The results were as follows: the main agronomic traits of 28 cultivars showed significantly genotypic differences. The coefficient of variations( CV) of plant height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield were up to 11. 8%,12. 2%,24. 4% and 9. 9%,respectively. Improved panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield were correlated with the increase of plant height based on the observations of cluster analysis. Genotypic differences were found in sheath length,internode length,internode fresh weight and lodging index of 3 rd,4 th and 5 th internode position from the top,respectively,among which the C. V. varied from 8. 8% to 40. 4%. And all the parameters of different traits elevated with the increase of plant height in different grouped cultivars in cluster analysis. It showed that the height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield of all cultivars were significantly or highly significantly correlated with the lodging index of the basal internodes. And the order of linear correlations with lodging resistance( from high to low) was as follows: plant height,panicle length,panicle fresh weight and grain yield. Significant genotypic differences between main agronomic traits and culm traits of different rice cultivars were observed. Moreover,these differences played a pronounced role in lodging resistance,in which the plant height,panicle length and panicle fresh weight had a greater effect compared to the yield. Therefore,to enhance the lodging resistance of rice varieties,relatively lower plant and smaller panicles,meanwhile higher panicle number and improved biomass of rice cultivars should be targeted in breeding,which could balance the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice. This study preliminarily clarified the genotypic differences and the correlations between main agronomic traits and lodging-resistance in rice,which provided theoretical reference for lodging-resistance breeding and cultivation regulation.
引文
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[2]段骅,杨建昌.高温对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):393-400
[3]景立权,赖上坤,王云霞,杨连新,王余龙.大气CO2浓度和温度互作对水稻生长发育的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4254-4265
[4]梁嘉荧,蔡一霞.高温干旱对水稻产量、品质及剑叶生理特性影响研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(27):1-6
[5]于美芳,王新鹏,段云轩,田雪飞,贾琰,赵宏伟.分蘖期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻光合特性及产量形成的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(9):1794-1802
[6]杨连新,王云霞,朱建国,王余龙.十年水稻FACE研究的产量响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1486-1497
[7]张自常,谷涛,杨霞,彭琼,柏连阳,李永丰.不同抗性稗草对水稻产量及其生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1594-1603
[8]Kashiwagi T,Ishimaru K.Identification and functional analysis of a locus for improvement of lodging resistance in rice[J].Plant Physiology,2004,134(2):676-683
[9]Sakata I,Sakai M,Imbe T.The correlation of the resistance to root lodging with growth angle,diameter and pulling strength of crown roots in rice seedlings[J].Japanese Journal of Crop Science,2003,72(1):56-61
[10]刘畅,李来庚.水稻抗倒伏性状的分子机理研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(2):216-222
[11]王燚,魏中伟,邵平,田小海,王晓玲,马国辉.水稻茎秆特性与抗倒伏关系的研究现状[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(9):2054-2057
[12]Setter T L,Laureles E V,Mazaredo A M.Lodging reduces yield of rice by self-shading and reductions in canopy photosynthesis[J].Field Crops Research,1997,49(2/3):95-106
[13]郎有忠,杨晓东,王美娥,朱庆森.结实阶段不同时期倒伏对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(4):407-412
[14]Kashiwagi T,Sasaki H,Ishimaru K.Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Plant Production Science,2005,8(2):166-172
[15]陈书强,杜晓东,杨丽敏,赵海新,周通,金光浩,薛菁芳,王翠,单莉莉,李敏.水稻倒伏粒重损失及不同品种抗倒能力差异比较[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(10):34-37
[16]何贤彪,吴晓华,马义虎.台州沿海台风所致水稻倒伏对产量的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(2):28-29
[17]李保民,周志强,吕东升.浅谈水稻倒伏原因及解决对策[J].安徽农学通报(下半月刊),2010,16(8):55-67
[18]高波.水稻倒伏的原因及对策[J].现代化农业,2014(4):30-31
[19]何永美,湛方栋,祖艳群,徐渭渭,李元.大田增强UV-B辐射对元阳梯田地方水稻茎秆性状和倒伏指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):39-45
[20]王云霞,王晓莹,杨连新,李潘林,朱建国,Kazuhiko K,王余龙.臭氧胁迫使两优培九倒伏风险增加——FACE研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6098-6107
[21]周楠.应用FACE技术研究大气CO2浓度增高对水稻倒伏抗性的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2014
[22]Shimono H,Okada M,Yamakawa Y,Nakamura H,Kobayashi K,Hasegawa T.Lodging in rice can be alleviated by atmospheric CO2enrichment[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,118(1):223-230
[23]Zhu C W,Ziska L H,Sakai H,Zhu J G,Hasegawa T.Vulnerability of lodging risk to elevated CO2and increased soil temperature differs between rice cultivars[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,46(2):20-24
[24]房贤涛,何花榕,谢祖钦,张居念,卓传营,蔡光璟,杨惠杰.不同施氮量对杂交稻茎秆性状及抗倒伏性的影响[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(10):1034-1038
[25]陈书强,赵海新,杜晓东,杨丽敏,薛菁芳,周通,金光浩,单莉莉,王翠,李敏.氮肥运筹对黑龙江省第三积温带水稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(S1):390-394
[26]金正勋,郑冠龙,朱立楠,孙璐璐,张忠臣,刘海英,徐振华,曲莹.不同氮钾肥施用方法对水稻产量及抗倒伏性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(3):9-14
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