滴灌施肥对红枣土壤水盐动态及光合的影响
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摘要
为了新疆地区滴灌红枣土壤盐渍化的水肥高效利用,以当地8 a成龄枣树为供试材料,结合田间试验,研究水肥管理对滴灌红枣土壤水盐动态及光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌水水平对萌芽新梢期、花期土壤含水率的影响具有统计学意义(0~40 cm);水肥耦合效应对全生育期红枣土壤含水率的影响具有统计学意义(0~40 cm和40~100 cm土层);0~40 cm土层,灌水和水肥耦合效应对全生育期土壤含盐量的影响具有统计学意义,施肥对红枣萌芽新梢期的土壤含盐量影响具有统计学意义;40~100 cm土层,水肥耦合效应对土壤含盐量的影响具有统计学意义.高灌溉量(1 020 mm)对表层(0~10 cm)土壤保水性和盐分淋洗具有良好效果;增加施肥量会引起表层盐分升高;不同处理的土壤含盐量生育期末与试验前相比,均处于脱盐状态;灌水水平和水肥耦合效应对红枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)的影响具有统计学意义;Pn和Tr均在W2F1处理(820 mm,200-100-150 kg/hm2)下达到较高水平,WUE在W3F3处理(1 020 mm,600-300-450 kg/hm2)较优,但与W2F1处理的差异无统计学意义.
In order to achieve an efficient use of water and fertilizer in saline soil in Xinjiang region,used local " Jun-jujube of the 8 years" as test materials,the effects of water and fertilizer management on soil water-salt movement and photosynthetic characteristic of drip-irrigation jujube were studied by experimented with field. The results show that irrigation has significant effect on soil moisture merely in the stage of jujube( 0-40 cm soil layer),while water-fertilizer coupling has significant effect on jujube soil water content in the whole growth period( 0-40 cm and 40-100 cm soil layer).In 0-40 cm,irrigation and water-fertilizer coupling has significant effect on soil salt content in the whole growth period,fertilization has significant effect on soil salt content in the stage of the new tip.In 40-100 cm,water-fertilizer coupling is significant for soil salt content. High irrigation has good effect on the surface soil water holding capacity and water leaching of salinity. Increased fertilization can increase the surface salt. The difference in the soil salt accumulation between the start and end of the experiment indicates a desalination process during the growth period. Irrigation and water-fertilizer interaction are significant for net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr) and water use efficiency( WUE) in jujube leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of jujube can achieve a higher level under W2 F1 treatment( 820 mm,200-100-150 kg/hm2). Water use efficiency is superior under W3 F3 treatment( 1020 mm,600-300-450 kg/hm2),but the discrepancy in the two treatments has no statistics significance.
In order to achieve an efficient use of water and fertilizer in saline soil in Xinjiang region,used local " Jun-jujube of the 8 years" as test materials,the effects of water and fertilizer management on soil water-salt movement and photosynthetic characteristic of drip-irrigation jujube were studied by experimented with field. The results show that irrigation has significant effect on soil moisture merely in the stage of jujube( 0-40 cm soil layer),while water-fertilizer coupling has significant effect on jujube soil water content in the whole growth period( 0-40 cm and 40-100 cm soil layer).In 0-40 cm,irrigation and water-fertilizer coupling has significant effect on soil salt content in the whole growth period,fertilization has significant effect on soil salt content in the stage of the new tip.In 40-100 cm,water-fertilizer coupling is significant for soil salt content. High irrigation has good effect on the surface soil water holding capacity and water leaching of salinity. Increased fertilization can increase the surface salt. The difference in the soil salt accumulation between the start and end of the experiment indicates a desalination process during the growth period. Irrigation and water-fertilizer interaction are significant for net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr) and water use efficiency( WUE) in jujube leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of jujube can achieve a higher level under W2 F1 treatment( 820 mm,200-100-150 kg/hm2). Water use efficiency is superior under W3 F3 treatment( 1020 mm,600-300-450 kg/hm2),but the discrepancy in the two treatments has no statistics significance.
引文
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[16]游磊,马英杰,洪明,等.不同灌水处理对灰枣产量、水分利用效率及品质的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(6):18-21,25.YOU Lei,MA Yingjie,HONG Ming,et al.Effect of different irrigation treatments on yield,water use efficiency and quality of gray jujube[J].Water saving irrigation,2015(6):18-21,25.(in Chinese)
[2]王振华,杨培岭,郑旭荣,等.膜下滴灌系统不同应用年限棉田根区盐分变化及适耕性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):90-99.WANG Zhenhua,YANG Peiling,ZHENG Xurong,et al.Soil salinity changes of root zone and arable in cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch for different years[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(4):90-99.(in Chinese)
[3]ZHOU S,WANG J,LIU J,et al.Evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated film-mulched cotton field in northern Xinjiang China[J].Hydrological processes,2012,26(8):1169-1178.
[4]邹海洋,张富仓,张雨新,等.适宜滴灌施肥量促进河西春玉米根系生长提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(21):145-155.ZOU Haiyang,ZHNAG Fucang,ZHANG Yuxin,et al.Optimal drip irrigation and fertilization amount enhancing root growth and yield of spring maize in Hexi region of China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(21):145-155.(in Chinese)
[5]路永莉,白凤华,杨宪龙,等.水肥一体化技术对不同生态区果园苹果生产的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,22(11):1281-1288.LU Yongli,BAI Fenghua,YANG Xianlong,et al.Effect of fertigation on apple production in different ecologicalregions orchards[J].Chinese journal of eco-agriculture,2017,22(11):1281-1288.(in Chinese)
[6]尹海龙,田长彦.不同盐度环境下盐地碱蓬幼苗光合生理生态特征[J].干旱区研究,2014(5):850-855.YIN Hailong,TIAN Changyan.Photosynthetic characteristics of suaeda salsa seedlings under different salt conditions[J].Arid zone research,2014(5):850-855.(in Chinese)
[7]付彦博,王成福,黄建,等.水肥交互对红枣产量及生理状况的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(1):66-75.FU Yanbo,WANG Chengfu,HUANG Jian,et al.Interaction of water and fertilizer on the yield and physiological condition of Zizyphus Jujube[J].Xinjiang agricultural sciences,2017,54(1):66-75.(in Chinese)
[8]裴磊,王振华,郑旭荣,等.土壤盐分含量对滴灌复播青储玉米光合特性及土壤水盐动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):77-84,93.PEI Lei,WANG Zhenhua,ZHENG Xurong,et al.Effects of soil salt content on water-salt dynamic and photosynthetic characteristics of drip irrigated silage maize in sequential cropping systems[J].Agricultural research in the arid areas,2016,34(4):77-84,93.(in Chinese)
[9]李丹,潘旭东,蒙元永,等.滴灌条件下林草间作系统土壤的盐分分布[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):279-281.LI Dan,PANG Xudong,MENG Yuanyong,et al.Soil salt distribution of forest-grass intercropping system under drip irrigation[J].Jiangsu agricultural sciences,2017,45(8):279-281.(in Chinese)
[10]邢英英,张富仓,吴立峰,等.基于番茄产量品质水肥利用效率确定适宜滴灌灌水施肥量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(S1):110-121.XING Yingying,ZHANG Fucang,WU Lifeng,et al.Determination of optimal amount of irrigation and fertilizer under drip fertigated system based on tomato yield,quality,water and fertilizer use efficiency[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(S1):110-121.(in Chinese)
[11]李文昊,王振华,郑旭荣,等.新疆绿洲盐碱滴灌区域荒地土壤盐分变化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(8):722-729.LI Wenhao,WANG Zhenhua,ZHENG Xurong,et al.Variation of soil salinity in wasteland of oasis saline drip irrigation area in Xinjiang[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(8):722-729.(in Chinese)
[12]胡家帅,王振华,郑旭荣.灌水对滴灌红枣产量、品质及水分利用的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(12):1086-1092.HU Jiashuai,WANG Zhenghua,ZHENG Xurong.Effects of different irrigation treatments on drip irrigation red jujube's yield,quality and water use efficiency[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(12):1086-1092.(in Chinese)
[13]郑健,孙雨欣,王燕,等.沼液中全氮在非饱和均质土壤中的吸附特征试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(3):10-15.ZHENG Jian,SUN Yuxin,WANG Yan,et al.Experimental study on adsorption of total nitrogen from biogas slurry in unsaturated homogeneous soil[J].Advances in science and technology of water resources,2016,36(3):10-15.(in Chinese)
[14]王景燕,龚伟,包秀兰,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1321-1330.WANG Jinyan,GONG Wei,BAO Xiulan,et al.Coupling effects of water and fertilizer on diurnal variation of photosynthesis of zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim'hanyuan'seedling leaf[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2016,36(5):1321-1330.(in Chinese)
[15]郑强卿,陈奇凌,李铭,等.滴灌骏枣需水规律及灌溉制度[J].江苏农业科学,2013(11):187-189.ZHENG Qiangqing,CHEN Qiling,LI Ming,et al.Water requirement and irrigation schedule of drip irrigation jujube[J].Jiangsu agricultural sciences,2013(11):187-189.(in Chinese)
[16]游磊,马英杰,洪明,等.不同灌水处理对灰枣产量、水分利用效率及品质的影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(6):18-21,25.YOU Lei,MA Yingjie,HONG Ming,et al.Effect of different irrigation treatments on yield,water use efficiency and quality of gray jujube[J].Water saving irrigation,2015(6):18-21,25.(in Chinese)