钨的钎焊研究进展
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摘要
概述了钨(W)的生产、应用以及钎焊在W的连接中的发展情况。目前W在各行各业中得到了广泛的应用,如在机械行业、电子行业、国防事业和化工行业等。W的制备在很大程度上影响了W的应用,除了传统的液相烧结工艺,现在已经研究出了低温烧结、瞬时液相烧结以及微波烧结等方法来获得W的细晶组织。钎焊在W中的应用主要在于W/Cu、W/钢以及W/W的钎焊,W作为接头的重要组成部分,不能忽视它对接头性能的影响。通过近年来研究人员对W的钎焊研究现状的概述,着重分析了W钎焊研究的焦点问题,展望了未来研究的方向。
The production and application of tungsten and the development on brazing of tungsten are reviewed. Currently, tungsten has been widely used in many fields, such as machinery, electronics,national defense, chemical industry, and so on. The preparation of tungsten greatly affects the applications. In addition to the traditional liquid phase sintering process, low-temperature sintering,instantaneous liquid sintering and microwave sintering have been developed to obtain fine microstructure. Brazing is mainly used to connect tungsten with tungsten, copper and steel. By summarizing the research status of tungsten brazing, the research focus on brazing of tungsten is mainly analyzed, and the future research directions are prospected.
The production and application of tungsten and the development on brazing of tungsten are reviewed. Currently, tungsten has been widely used in many fields, such as machinery, electronics,national defense, chemical industry, and so on. The preparation of tungsten greatly affects the applications. In addition to the traditional liquid phase sintering process, low-temperature sintering,instantaneous liquid sintering and microwave sintering have been developed to obtain fine microstructure. Brazing is mainly used to connect tungsten with tungsten, copper and steel. By summarizing the research status of tungsten brazing, the research focus on brazing of tungsten is mainly analyzed, and the future research directions are prospected.
引文
[1]吴红庆,吴晓春.国内外高速钢的研究现状和进展[J].模具制造,2017,17(12):93-100.
[2]郭夏阳,林建平,孙博.扩散焊技术的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(17):15-20.
[3]祁焱,张羊换,全白云,等.钎焊及钛基钎焊料的发展及应用[J].金属功能材料,2003,10(5):31-37.
[4]SáNCHEZ L,CARRILLO D,RODRíGUEZ E,et al.Development of high precision joints in particle accelerator components performed by vacuum brazing[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(8):1379-1385.
[5]全国钢标准化技术委员会.金属材料热膨胀特征参数的测定:GB/T 4339-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:5.
[6]全国工业陶瓷标准化技术委员会.精细陶瓷线热膨胀系数试验方法顶杆法:GB/T 16535-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:5.
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[8]张羽,朱颖,郭伟,等.添加泡沫镍中间层Al2O3/1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊接头性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(17):161-163.
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[11]龙伟民,孙华为,鲍丽,等.钎焊材料绿色化研究[J].焊接技术,2016,45(1):59-62.
[12]袁秀霞.中国钨工业“十三五”展望[J].中国有色金属,2017(4):40-41.
[13]王正文.中国钨的应用与消费[J].中国钨业,2000,15(2):12-13,28.
[14]周菊秋,张忠健.中国硬质合金工业现状、技术创新和发展方向[J].中国钨业,2009,24(5):67-74.
[15]吴立志.中国高速钢的发展[J].河北冶金,2015(11):1-8.
[16]刘凤,罗广南,李强,等.钨在核聚变反应堆中的应用研究[J].中国钨业,2017,32(2):41-48,55.
[17]姜恒.钨在化工领域中的应用现状和发展前景[J].中国钨业,2012,27(1):50-55.
[18]谭栓斌,郭让民,刘建章,等.钨的冶金及其加工技术[J].中国钨业,2007,22(1):51-53.
[19]CORDERO Z C,HUSKINS E L,PARK M,et al.Powder-route synthesis and mechanical testing of ultrafine grain tungsten alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2014,45(8):3609-3618.
[20]范景莲,曲选辉.高比重合金的固相烧结[J].中国有色金属学报,1999,9(2):327-329.
[21]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,et al.Development of rapidly quenched brazing foils to join tungsten alloys with ferritic steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2004,329-333:1544-1548.
[22]刘书华.基于不同中间层钨与钢的钎焊特性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[23]RAFFRAY A R,NYGREN R,WHYTE D G,et al.High heat flux components-Readiness to proceed from near term fusion systems to power plants[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2010,85(1):93-108.
[24]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,et al.Development of brazing foils to join monocrystalline tungsten alloys with ODS-EUROFER steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,367-370:1218-1222.
[25]OONO N,NOH S,IWATA N,et al.Microstructures of brazed and solid-state diffusion bonded joints of tungsten with oxide dispersion strengthened steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1/3):253-256.
[26]郭双全.面向等离子体材料钨与热沉材料的连接技术[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.
[27]MUNEZ C J,GARRIDO M A,RAMS J,et al.Experimental study of W-Eurofer laser brazing for divertor application[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,418(1/3):239-248.
[28]KIM Y D,OH N L,OH S T,et al.Thermal conductivity of W-Cu composites at various temperatures[J].Materials Letters,2001,51(5):420-424.
[29]BARABASH V,AKIBA M,CARDELLA A,et al.Armor and heat sink materials joining technologies development for ITER plasma facing components[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2000,283-287:1248-1252.
[30]ZHOU Z J,DU J,SONG S X,et al.Microstructural characterization of W/Cu functionally graded materials produced by a one-step resistance sintering method[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2007,428(1/2):146-150.
[31]MAKSIMOVA S V,FKHORUNOV D V F,RBARABASH V R.Problems in fabricating sections of a divertor of a thermonuclear synthesis reactor by brazing[J].Welding International,1995,9(1):47-50.
[32]骆瑞雪,李争显.不同焊料对Cu/W钎焊接头强度的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(9):109-111.
[33]才来中,蔡立君,颜建国,等.钨偏滤器的单元结构设计以及相关实验研究[J].核聚变与等离子体物理,2016,36(2):97-103.
[34]EZATO K,SUZUKI S,SEKI Y,et al.Progress of ITERfull tungsten divertor technology qualification in Japan[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2015,98-99:1281-1284.
[35]霍方方.镍基钛基钎料钎焊钨钨接头组织和性能研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.
[36]SáNCHEZ M,GARRIDO M A,MúNEZ C J,et al.Analysis of the brazeability of W-W joints using a high temperature Ni-based alloy[J].Materials and Design,2014,54:900-905.
[37]DE PRADO J,SáNCHEZ M,UTRILLA M V,et al.Study of a novel brazing process for W-W joints in fusion applications[J].Materials&Design,2016,112:117-123.
[2]郭夏阳,林建平,孙博.扩散焊技术的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(17):15-20.
[3]祁焱,张羊换,全白云,等.钎焊及钛基钎焊料的发展及应用[J].金属功能材料,2003,10(5):31-37.
[4]SáNCHEZ L,CARRILLO D,RODRíGUEZ E,et al.Development of high precision joints in particle accelerator components performed by vacuum brazing[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(8):1379-1385.
[5]全国钢标准化技术委员会.金属材料热膨胀特征参数的测定:GB/T 4339-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:5.
[6]全国工业陶瓷标准化技术委员会.精细陶瓷线热膨胀系数试验方法顶杆法:GB/T 16535-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:5.
[7]ZHONG Z H,JUNG H C,HINOKI T,et al.Effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength of tungsten/ferritic steel joints diffusion bonded with a nickel interlayer[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210(13):1805-1810.
[8]张羽,朱颖,郭伟,等.添加泡沫镍中间层Al2O3/1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊接头性能研究[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(17):161-163.
[9]石保庆.钎焊技术发展动向[J].焊接技术,1998(1):37-38.
[10]骆瑞雪,李争显.不同焊料对Cu/W钎焊接头强度的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(9):109-111.
[11]龙伟民,孙华为,鲍丽,等.钎焊材料绿色化研究[J].焊接技术,2016,45(1):59-62.
[12]袁秀霞.中国钨工业“十三五”展望[J].中国有色金属,2017(4):40-41.
[13]王正文.中国钨的应用与消费[J].中国钨业,2000,15(2):12-13,28.
[14]周菊秋,张忠健.中国硬质合金工业现状、技术创新和发展方向[J].中国钨业,2009,24(5):67-74.
[15]吴立志.中国高速钢的发展[J].河北冶金,2015(11):1-8.
[16]刘凤,罗广南,李强,等.钨在核聚变反应堆中的应用研究[J].中国钨业,2017,32(2):41-48,55.
[17]姜恒.钨在化工领域中的应用现状和发展前景[J].中国钨业,2012,27(1):50-55.
[18]谭栓斌,郭让民,刘建章,等.钨的冶金及其加工技术[J].中国钨业,2007,22(1):51-53.
[19]CORDERO Z C,HUSKINS E L,PARK M,et al.Powder-route synthesis and mechanical testing of ultrafine grain tungsten alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2014,45(8):3609-3618.
[20]范景莲,曲选辉.高比重合金的固相烧结[J].中国有色金属学报,1999,9(2):327-329.
[21]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,et al.Development of rapidly quenched brazing foils to join tungsten alloys with ferritic steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2004,329-333:1544-1548.
[22]刘书华.基于不同中间层钨与钢的钎焊特性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[23]RAFFRAY A R,NYGREN R,WHYTE D G,et al.High heat flux components-Readiness to proceed from near term fusion systems to power plants[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2010,85(1):93-108.
[24]KALIN B A,FEDOTOV V T,SEVRJUKOV O N,et al.Development of brazing foils to join monocrystalline tungsten alloys with ODS-EUROFER steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2007,367-370:1218-1222.
[25]OONO N,NOH S,IWATA N,et al.Microstructures of brazed and solid-state diffusion bonded joints of tungsten with oxide dispersion strengthened steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1/3):253-256.
[26]郭双全.面向等离子体材料钨与热沉材料的连接技术[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.
[27]MUNEZ C J,GARRIDO M A,RAMS J,et al.Experimental study of W-Eurofer laser brazing for divertor application[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,418(1/3):239-248.
[28]KIM Y D,OH N L,OH S T,et al.Thermal conductivity of W-Cu composites at various temperatures[J].Materials Letters,2001,51(5):420-424.
[29]BARABASH V,AKIBA M,CARDELLA A,et al.Armor and heat sink materials joining technologies development for ITER plasma facing components[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2000,283-287:1248-1252.
[30]ZHOU Z J,DU J,SONG S X,et al.Microstructural characterization of W/Cu functionally graded materials produced by a one-step resistance sintering method[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2007,428(1/2):146-150.
[31]MAKSIMOVA S V,FKHORUNOV D V F,RBARABASH V R.Problems in fabricating sections of a divertor of a thermonuclear synthesis reactor by brazing[J].Welding International,1995,9(1):47-50.
[32]骆瑞雪,李争显.不同焊料对Cu/W钎焊接头强度的影响[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(9):109-111.
[33]才来中,蔡立君,颜建国,等.钨偏滤器的单元结构设计以及相关实验研究[J].核聚变与等离子体物理,2016,36(2):97-103.
[34]EZATO K,SUZUKI S,SEKI Y,et al.Progress of ITERfull tungsten divertor technology qualification in Japan[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2015,98-99:1281-1284.
[35]霍方方.镍基钛基钎料钎焊钨钨接头组织和性能研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.
[36]SáNCHEZ M,GARRIDO M A,MúNEZ C J,et al.Analysis of the brazeability of W-W joints using a high temperature Ni-based alloy[J].Materials and Design,2014,54:900-905.
[37]DE PRADO J,SáNCHEZ M,UTRILLA M V,et al.Study of a novel brazing process for W-W joints in fusion applications[J].Materials&Design,2016,112:117-123.