提前喷施叶面肥对超级杂交晚稻抵御寒露风能力的影响
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摘要
以超级杂交晚稻品种五丰优T025为材料,以叶面喷清水作对照(CK),设置叶面喷施0.1%(P1)、0.3%(P3)和0.5%(P5)3个浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液处理,研究双季晚稻抽穗扬花期遭遇低温条件下提前喷施磷钾肥对水稻叶温、产量和生理特性的影响。结果表明:低温期间,不同叶面肥处理叶片温度较对照均有所提高,其中P3处理增温效果最好。低温胁迫下各处理稻株叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均不同程度降低,以P3处理降幅最小,蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度及气孔导度等也均呈现类似变化特点;低温下各处理MDA含量均不同程度上升,其中以P3处理最低;叶片抗氧化酶活性低温来临后产生不同程度的变化,其中SOD活性、POD活性总体上表现为CK最高,P3最低,而CAT活性则以CK最低,P3最高;低温胁迫下喷施叶面肥处理均能不同程度提高黄熟期植株尤其是穗部干物质量,达到减缓产量降低的效果,其中以P3处理最佳,遭遇低温明显的2015年第二播期(7月1日播种)水稻产量比CK高14.04%;产量结构上,各处理单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、结实率等均较CK明显改善。说明叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾是增强双季超级杂交晚稻抽穗扬花期低温抵御能力的有效措施。
Super hybrid late rice variety Wufengyou T025 was used as test material as well as the treatments of spraying foliar fertilizers for 3 concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH_2PO_4) with 0.1%(P1), 0.3%(P3), 0.5%(P5) and the control for clear water(CK) were set. The effects of spraying P and K fertilizers on the leaf temperature, yield and physiological characteristics in double-season late rice under low temperature conditions during heading and flowering stage were studied. The results showed that rice leaf temperature under the different foliar fertilizer application treatments was higher than that of CK, and the warming effect of treatment P3 was the best during the low temperature period. Leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of rice plants decreased gradually with the treatments under low temperature, while the reduction range was the smallest in treatment P3, variation of the different treatments on transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Cs), and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) presented the same character. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes varied in different degrees and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in CK was the highest and P3 was the lowest, while the activity of catalase(CAT) was opposite in the mass that CK was the lowest and P3 was the highest after low temperature advance. Malondialdehyde(MDA) content for the different treatments increased in different degrees after low temperature advance, and that in P3 was the lowest. Under low temperature, foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potash could improve dry matter accumulation to varying degrees during yellow ripening stage, especially panicle dry matter accumulation and achieve the purpose of slowing down the yield decrease, among which treatment P3 was the best. Yield of P3 at the second sowing date(sowing in July 1 st) in 2015 encountering low temperature obviously increased by 14.04% compared to CK. It could be found from the yield components that effective panicles per plant, the total grains per panicle, seed setting rate were significantly improved for the all treatments compared to CK. The application of foliar spraying of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was the most effective agronomic measure to enhance the resistance to low temperature during heading and flowering stage for double-season super hybrid late rice.
Super hybrid late rice variety Wufengyou T025 was used as test material as well as the treatments of spraying foliar fertilizers for 3 concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH_2PO_4) with 0.1%(P1), 0.3%(P3), 0.5%(P5) and the control for clear water(CK) were set. The effects of spraying P and K fertilizers on the leaf temperature, yield and physiological characteristics in double-season late rice under low temperature conditions during heading and flowering stage were studied. The results showed that rice leaf temperature under the different foliar fertilizer application treatments was higher than that of CK, and the warming effect of treatment P3 was the best during the low temperature period. Leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of rice plants decreased gradually with the treatments under low temperature, while the reduction range was the smallest in treatment P3, variation of the different treatments on transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Cs), and intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci) presented the same character. The activities of the antioxidative enzymes varied in different degrees and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in CK was the highest and P3 was the lowest, while the activity of catalase(CAT) was opposite in the mass that CK was the lowest and P3 was the highest after low temperature advance. Malondialdehyde(MDA) content for the different treatments increased in different degrees after low temperature advance, and that in P3 was the lowest. Under low temperature, foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potash could improve dry matter accumulation to varying degrees during yellow ripening stage, especially panicle dry matter accumulation and achieve the purpose of slowing down the yield decrease, among which treatment P3 was the best. Yield of P3 at the second sowing date(sowing in July 1 st) in 2015 encountering low temperature obviously increased by 14.04% compared to CK. It could be found from the yield components that effective panicles per plant, the total grains per panicle, seed setting rate were significantly improved for the all treatments compared to CK. The application of foliar spraying of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was the most effective agronomic measure to enhance the resistance to low temperature during heading and flowering stage for double-season super hybrid late rice.
引文
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[11]Satake T.Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants XXX:relation between fertilization and the number of engorged pollen grains among spikelets cooled at different pollen developmental stages[J].Japanese Journal of Crop Science,1991,60(4):523-528.
[12]李训贞,梁满中,周广洽,等.水稻开花时的环境条件对花粉活力和结实的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(3):417-420.Li X Z,Liang M Z,Zhou G Q,et al.Effect of environment condition on pollen vigor and seed set during flowing time of rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sincia,2002,28(3):417-420.(in Chinese)
[13]余焰文,杨再强,殷剑敏,等.开花期寒露风对江西晚稻功能叶生理特性及产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):537-543.Yu Y W,Yang Z Q,Yin J M,et al.Effect of autumn low temperature during flowering stage on physiological property and yield of late rice in Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(5):537-543.(in Chinese)
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