黄土高原长期种植紫花苜蓿对土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
研究黄土高原地区牧草地土壤酶活性随种植年限的变化趋势,可为人工草地利用和科学管理提供依据.本文选取兰州黄土高原生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站不同种植年限(1年、2年、4年、11年和16年)的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地为研究对象,分析了紫花苜蓿地土壤淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性对种植年限的响应.研究结果表明,淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性在土壤表层(0~5 cm)显著高于下层(5~10 cm),但纤维素酶含量在不同土壤深度差异不显著.土壤酶活性随种植年限呈现不同的变化趋势,其中淀粉酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈现"先增后减"的趋势,并且在种植后第4年达到峰值;而磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性在种植后第11年达到最高值;纤维素酶活性随种植年限的延长不断降低,在11年和16年的样地达到最小值.因此,从土壤酶活性的角度分析认为,紫花苜蓿在种植一定年限后(11年)土壤酶活性和土壤肥力开始下降,故应重视牧草更新和土壤肥力的科学管理.
Studying changes of soil enzyme activities in grasslands of the loess plateau may provide the basis for the utilization and scientific management of cultivated grasslands. Taking the alfafa lands with different plantation ages( 1 year,2 years,4 years,11 and 16 years) in the Lanzhou Scientific Observation and Experiment Field Station as the research objects,we study responses to soil enzymes,including amylase,catalase,urease,alkaline phosphatase and cellulose,to the plantation ages. The results show that the amylase,catalase,sucrase,urease and phosphatase activities in the soil surface( 0 to 5 cm) are significantly higher than the lower layer( 5-10 cm),but no significant differences of cellulose activitity are found in different soil depths. Soil enzyme activity showed different trends. With increasing of plantation ages,amylase and catalase activity showed a trend of "increase first then decrease",peaking at 4-years land. Phosphatase,urease and invertase activities reach the peak point after alfafa 11-year plantation. Cellulose enzyme activity decreased constantly and reached minimum values after alfafa 11-year and 16-year plantation. Therefore,basing on our results about soil enzyme activities in this study,we find that soil enzyme activities and soil fertility start to decline after 11-year plantation,so we should attach importance to forages renewal and scientific management of soil fertility.
Studying changes of soil enzyme activities in grasslands of the loess plateau may provide the basis for the utilization and scientific management of cultivated grasslands. Taking the alfafa lands with different plantation ages( 1 year,2 years,4 years,11 and 16 years) in the Lanzhou Scientific Observation and Experiment Field Station as the research objects,we study responses to soil enzymes,including amylase,catalase,urease,alkaline phosphatase and cellulose,to the plantation ages. The results show that the amylase,catalase,sucrase,urease and phosphatase activities in the soil surface( 0 to 5 cm) are significantly higher than the lower layer( 5-10 cm),but no significant differences of cellulose activitity are found in different soil depths. Soil enzyme activity showed different trends. With increasing of plantation ages,amylase and catalase activity showed a trend of "increase first then decrease",peaking at 4-years land. Phosphatase,urease and invertase activities reach the peak point after alfafa 11-year plantation. Cellulose enzyme activity decreased constantly and reached minimum values after alfafa 11-year and 16-year plantation. Therefore,basing on our results about soil enzyme activities in this study,we find that soil enzyme activities and soil fertility start to decline after 11-year plantation,so we should attach importance to forages renewal and scientific management of soil fertility.
引文
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[19]邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78.
[20]张宝泉,李红红,马虎,等.渭北旱塬区不同年限苜蓿对土壤主要养分及微生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1 190-1 196.
[21]杨恒山,张庆国,邰继承,等.种植年限对紫花苜蓿地土壤p H值和磷酸酶活性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):32-35.
[22]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25.
[2]王鑫,马永祥,李娟.紫花苜蓿营养成分及主要生物学特性[J].草业科学,2003,20(10):39-41.
[3]Marx M C,Wood M,Jarvis S C.A microplate fluorimetric assay for the study of enzyme diversity in soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(s12-13):1 633-1 640.
[4]刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[5]董艳,董坤,郑毅,等.种植年限和种植模式对设施土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):527-532.
[6]边雪廉,岳中辉,焦浩,等.土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(4):634-640.
[7]Yao X H,Min H,LüZ H,et al.Influence of acetamiprid on soil enzymatic activities and respiration[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(2):120-126.
[8]邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[9]杨万勤,王开运.土壤酶研究动态与展望[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(5):564-570.
[10]García-Ruiz R,Ochoa V,Hinojosa M B,et al.Suitability of enzyme activities for the monitoring of soil quality improvement in organic agricultural systems[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(9):2 137-2 145.
[11]曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[12]南丽丽,郭全恩,向华,等.甘肃省盐碱草地主要植物群落土壤酶活性研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):311-315.
[13]王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261.
[14]弋良朋,马健,李彦.荒漠盐生植物根际土壤酶活性的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):500-505.
[15]杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤酶活性特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1 516-1 524.
[16]黄昌明,徐建明.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[17]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[18]向泽宇,王长庭,宋文彪,等.草地生态系统土壤酶活性研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1 801-1 806.
[19]邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78.
[20]张宝泉,李红红,马虎,等.渭北旱塬区不同年限苜蓿对土壤主要养分及微生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(6):1 190-1 196.
[21]杨恒山,张庆国,邰继承,等.种植年限对紫花苜蓿地土壤p H值和磷酸酶活性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):32-35.
[22]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25.