科尔沁沙地苜蓿草地土壤酶活性的时空变化特征
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摘要
在科尔沁沙地大田试验条件下,研究了不同种植年限(1~5a)苜蓿草地土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的时(年限)空(土层)变化特征,旨在探讨种植不同年限苜蓿对土壤生物化学性状的影响,为沙地苜蓿草地管理提供科学依据。结果表明:2种土壤酶活性都随着土层加深而降低,0~20cm土层,土壤酶活性最强,呈现出表聚性。随着种植年限增加,2种土壤酶活性都呈先增后降趋势。在0~70cm土层,土壤过氧化氢酶活性大小顺序为:2a>5a>4a>1a>3a;土壤脲酶活性大小顺序为:2a>5a>3a>4a>1a>原生植被地。2年龄苜蓿草地根际土过氧化氢酶活性显著高于1年龄和3~5年龄(P<0.05);2年龄和4~5年龄苜蓿草地非根际土过氧化氢酶活性显著高于1年龄和3年龄(P<0.05)。不同种植年限苜蓿草地根际土过氧化氢酶活性均高于非根际土,其中,种植第1年至第3年土壤酶活性差异显著(P<0.05)。
A field experiment was conducted to study the seasonal variations of soil enzyme(urease and catalase)activities in alfalfa field with different growing years(1~5years)in Horqin sandland,and the objective was to provide a theoretical basis for the alfalfa field management.Results indicated that the two kinds of soil enzyme activities decreased significantly with the increase in soil depth,the most active in the0~20cm depth,and showed the surface gathering vertical distribution characters.the two kinds of soil enzyme activities increased at first and then decreased with the increase of growing years.In the 0~70cm depth,the catalase-enzyme activity was 2a>5a>4a>1a>3aand urea-enzyme activity was 2a>5a>3a>4a>1a> CK(primary vegetation land).The catalase-enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil in 2-yearold alfalfa field was much higher than that in 1-year-old and 3~5year-old alfalfa fields(P<0.05).The catalase-enzyme activity of non-rhizosphere soil in 2-year-old and 4~5year-old alfalfa fields was much higher than that in 1-year-old and 3year-old alfalfa field(P<0.05).The catalase-enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was much higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil in different growing years,and showed significant difference between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil from first year to third year of alfalfa growth.
A field experiment was conducted to study the seasonal variations of soil enzyme(urease and catalase)activities in alfalfa field with different growing years(1~5years)in Horqin sandland,and the objective was to provide a theoretical basis for the alfalfa field management.Results indicated that the two kinds of soil enzyme activities decreased significantly with the increase in soil depth,the most active in the0~20cm depth,and showed the surface gathering vertical distribution characters.the two kinds of soil enzyme activities increased at first and then decreased with the increase of growing years.In the 0~70cm depth,the catalase-enzyme activity was 2a>5a>4a>1a>3aand urea-enzyme activity was 2a>5a>3a>4a>1a> CK(primary vegetation land).The catalase-enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil in 2-yearold alfalfa field was much higher than that in 1-year-old and 3~5year-old alfalfa fields(P<0.05).The catalase-enzyme activity of non-rhizosphere soil in 2-year-old and 4~5year-old alfalfa fields was much higher than that in 1-year-old and 3year-old alfalfa field(P<0.05).The catalase-enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was much higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil in different growing years,and showed significant difference between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil from first year to third year of alfalfa growth.
引文
[1]徐丽君,王波,辛晓平.紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤养分及土壤微生物特性[J].草地学报,2011,19(3):406-411
[2]陈志怡,李金.不同生长年限对紫花苜蓿产量及土壤养分的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):214-220
[3]张春霞,郝明德,王旭刚,等.黄土高原地区紫花苜蓿生长过程中土壤养分的变化规律[J].西北植物学报,2004,6:1107-1111
[4]杨恒山,曹敏建,范富,等.紫花苜蓿生长年限对土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(6):29-31
[5]邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78
[6]吴旭东,张晓娟,谢应忠,等.不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤有机碳及土壤酶活性垂直分布特征[J].草业学报,2013,23(1):245-251
[7]南丽丽,郁继华,郭全恩.荒漠灌区不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤酶活性的变化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,33(6):71-76
[8]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25
[9]李晨华,贾仲君,唐立松,等.不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):567-574
[10]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:1-5
[11]王光华,金剑,韩晓增,等.不同土地管理方式对黑土土壤微生物量碳和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1275-1280
[12]焦婷,常根柱,周学辉,等.高寒草甸草场不同载畜量下土壤酶与土壤肥力的关系[J].草业学报,2009,18(6):98-104
[13]郭彦军,韩建国.农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):23-29
[14]Insam H,Mitchell C C,Dormaar J F.Relationship of soil microbial biomass and activity with fertilization practice and crop yield of three ultisols[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23:459-464
[15]文东新,杨宁,杨满元.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复模式对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1241-1247
[16]刘淑娟,张伟,王克林,等.桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段的土壤脲酶活性[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5789-5796
[17]滕爱娣,邓波,王显国,等.沙地苜蓿种植年限对土壤速效钾与碱解氮含量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(6):22-26
[18]张萌萌,敖红,李鑫,等.桑树/苜蓿间作对根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):302-309
[19]侯彦会,周学辉,焦婷,等.甘肃永昌县放牧草地土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力的关系初探[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):111-116
[20]文都日乐,李刚,张静妮,等.呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):94-102
[21]王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261
[22]胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):8-19
[23]孙敬克,李友军,黄明,等.不同耕作方式对冬小麦生育期根际土及非根际土土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(2):59-62
[2]陈志怡,李金.不同生长年限对紫花苜蓿产量及土壤养分的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):214-220
[3]张春霞,郝明德,王旭刚,等.黄土高原地区紫花苜蓿生长过程中土壤养分的变化规律[J].西北植物学报,2004,6:1107-1111
[4]杨恒山,曹敏建,范富,等.紫花苜蓿生长年限对土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(6):29-31
[5]邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78
[6]吴旭东,张晓娟,谢应忠,等.不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤有机碳及土壤酶活性垂直分布特征[J].草业学报,2013,23(1):245-251
[7]南丽丽,郁继华,郭全恩.荒漠灌区不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤酶活性的变化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,33(6):71-76
[8]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25
[9]李晨华,贾仲君,唐立松,等.不同施肥模式对绿洲农田土壤微生物群落丰度与酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):567-574
[10]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:1-5
[11]王光华,金剑,韩晓增,等.不同土地管理方式对黑土土壤微生物量碳和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1275-1280
[12]焦婷,常根柱,周学辉,等.高寒草甸草场不同载畜量下土壤酶与土壤肥力的关系[J].草业学报,2009,18(6):98-104
[13]郭彦军,韩建国.农牧交错带退耕还草对土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):23-29
[14]Insam H,Mitchell C C,Dormaar J F.Relationship of soil microbial biomass and activity with fertilization practice and crop yield of three ultisols[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1991,23:459-464
[15]文东新,杨宁,杨满元.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复模式对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1241-1247
[16]刘淑娟,张伟,王克林,等.桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段的土壤脲酶活性[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5789-5796
[17]滕爱娣,邓波,王显国,等.沙地苜蓿种植年限对土壤速效钾与碱解氮含量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(6):22-26
[18]张萌萌,敖红,李鑫,等.桑树/苜蓿间作对根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):302-309
[19]侯彦会,周学辉,焦婷,等.甘肃永昌县放牧草地土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力的关系初探[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):111-116
[20]文都日乐,李刚,张静妮,等.呼伦贝尔不同草地类型土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):94-102
[21]王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261
[22]胡雷,王长庭,王根绪,等.三江源区不同退化演替阶段高寒草甸土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):8-19
[23]孙敬克,李友军,黄明,等.不同耕作方式对冬小麦生育期根际土及非根际土土壤酶活性的影响[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(2):59-62