体外发酵法评定不同茬次和生长年限苜蓿的营养价值
|
摘要
本试验采用瘤胃体外发酵技术比较研究了不同茬次和生长年限紫花苜蓿的营养价值及体外发酵特性。试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为瘤胃液供体,称量1 g苜蓿样品于含有10 mL瘤胃液和90 mL培养基的发酵瓶内,39℃体外发酵96 h,分别于24、48、72及96 h冰浴终止发酵,采样。结果显示:茬次、生长年限对苜蓿体外发酵产气量、氨态氮(NH3-N)和菌体蛋白(MCP)浓度均有显著影响(P<0.05),茬次对苜蓿体外发酵营养物质降解率有显著影响(P<0.05),且茬次与生长在苜蓿体外发酵产气量、营养物质降解率上均存在交互作用(P<0.05)。发酵结束后,苜蓿的产气量,营养物质降解率及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、NH3-N和MCP浓度在第3茬最高。产气量、营养物质降解率、NH3-N浓度在1和4年龄较高,3年龄较低。综上,以1年龄第3茬和4年龄第3茬苜蓿营养价值较高,3年龄第2茬较低。
The nutritive value and in vitro fermentation characteristic of alfalfa with different stubbles and growing years was evaluated by in vitro rumen fermentation method in this test. Three Holstein cow with permanent rumen fistula were as rumen liquid of donor for this test. Fermentation flasks,containing 90 mL medium,10 mL rumen fluid and 1 g alfalfa as substrates,were incubated at 39 ℃ for 96 h. Samples were terminated fermentation by ice and collected at 24,48,72 and 96 h. Results showed that gas production,and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen( NH3-N) and microbial protein( MCP) were significantly affected by stubbles and growing years( P<0.05). Stubbles significantly affected nutrient disappearance rates( P<0.05). Gas production and nutrient disappearance rates were affected by interaction of stubbles and growing years( P<0.05).The third stubble of alfalfa had the highest gas production,nutrient disappearance rates,and concentrations of volatile fatty acid( VFA),NH3-N and MCP. One-and four-year alfalfa had the higher gas production,nutrient disappearance rates,concentrations of NH3-N and MCP,and those of the third-year alfalfa were lower. In conclusion,the nutritive values of the third stubble of one-and four-year alfalfa were higher,while that of the second stubble of three-year alfalfa was lower.
The nutritive value and in vitro fermentation characteristic of alfalfa with different stubbles and growing years was evaluated by in vitro rumen fermentation method in this test. Three Holstein cow with permanent rumen fistula were as rumen liquid of donor for this test. Fermentation flasks,containing 90 mL medium,10 mL rumen fluid and 1 g alfalfa as substrates,were incubated at 39 ℃ for 96 h. Samples were terminated fermentation by ice and collected at 24,48,72 and 96 h. Results showed that gas production,and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen( NH3-N) and microbial protein( MCP) were significantly affected by stubbles and growing years( P<0.05). Stubbles significantly affected nutrient disappearance rates( P<0.05). Gas production and nutrient disappearance rates were affected by interaction of stubbles and growing years( P<0.05).The third stubble of alfalfa had the highest gas production,nutrient disappearance rates,and concentrations of volatile fatty acid( VFA),NH3-N and MCP. One-and four-year alfalfa had the higher gas production,nutrient disappearance rates,concentrations of NH3-N and MCP,and those of the third-year alfalfa were lower. In conclusion,the nutritive values of the third stubble of one-and four-year alfalfa were higher,while that of the second stubble of three-year alfalfa was lower.
引文
[1]董宽虎,沈益新.饲草生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[2]刘志鹏,张吉宇,王彦荣.紫花苜蓿配子体发育遗传调控的研究进展[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):270-278.
[3]杨玉海,蒋平安.不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤理化特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):110-113.
[4]张丽妍,杨恒山,张宏宇,等.灌溉条件下不同生长年限紫花苜蓿生长及生产能力的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(1):85-91.
[5]赵娜,赵桂琴,胡凯军,等.不同生长年限红三叶生产性能与营养价值比较[J].草地学报,2011,19(3):468-472.
[6]田雨佳.不同刈割茬次和物候期的苜蓿对奶牛营养价值的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[7]THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOAM S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1994,48(3/4):185-197.
[8]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:45-75.
[9]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[10]马艳艳,成艳芬,朱伟云.体外发酵法评价不同产地、不同茬次苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2421-2432.
[11]朱伟云,毛胜勇,王全军,等.厌氧真菌体外发酵筛选技术的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):44-48.
[12]秦为琳.应用气相色谱测定瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸方法的研究改进[J].南京农业大学学报,1982,5(4):110-116.
[13]WEATHERBURN M W.Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J].Analytical Chemistry,1967,39(8):791-794.
[14]MAKKAR H P S,SHARMA O P,DAWRA R K,et al.Simple determination of microbial protein in rumen liquor[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(11):2170-2173.
[15]杜书增,杨云贵,辛亚平,等.紫花苜蓿品种及刈割茬次对产量及营养价值的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(7):44-48.
[16]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-30.
[17]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍,等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[18]贾海军,李运起,李秋凤,等.不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):30-33.
[19]WANAPAT M,PIMPA O.Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation,purine derivatives,digestibility and rice straw intake in Swamp Buffaloes[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(6):904-907.
[20]CLARK J H,KLUSMEYER T H,CAMERON M R.Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304-2323.
[21]朱雯,王炳,付妍,等.不同粗料来源对体外瘤胃发酵和微生物蛋白合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(17):39-42.
[22]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2011,27(11):21-25.
[23]MENKE K,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28(7):55-59.
[24]CONE J W,VAN GELDER A H,DRIEHUIS F.Description of gas production profiles with a three-phasic model[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1997,66(1/2/3/4):31-45.
[25]OWENS F N,BERGEN W G.Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant animals:historical perspective,current understanding and future implications[J].Journal of Animal Science,1983,57(Suppl.2):498-518.
[2]刘志鹏,张吉宇,王彦荣.紫花苜蓿配子体发育遗传调控的研究进展[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):270-278.
[3]杨玉海,蒋平安.不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤理化特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):110-113.
[4]张丽妍,杨恒山,张宏宇,等.灌溉条件下不同生长年限紫花苜蓿生长及生产能力的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(1):85-91.
[5]赵娜,赵桂琴,胡凯军,等.不同生长年限红三叶生产性能与营养价值比较[J].草地学报,2011,19(3):468-472.
[6]田雨佳.不同刈割茬次和物候期的苜蓿对奶牛营养价值的比较研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[7]THEODOROU M K,WILLIAMS B A,DHANOAM S,et al.A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1994,48(3/4):185-197.
[8]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:45-75.
[9]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[10]马艳艳,成艳芬,朱伟云.体外发酵法评价不同产地、不同茬次苜蓿的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2421-2432.
[11]朱伟云,毛胜勇,王全军,等.厌氧真菌体外发酵筛选技术的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(3):44-48.
[12]秦为琳.应用气相色谱测定瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸方法的研究改进[J].南京农业大学学报,1982,5(4):110-116.
[13]WEATHERBURN M W.Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J].Analytical Chemistry,1967,39(8):791-794.
[14]MAKKAR H P S,SHARMA O P,DAWRA R K,et al.Simple determination of microbial protein in rumen liquor[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(11):2170-2173.
[15]杜书增,杨云贵,辛亚平,等.紫花苜蓿品种及刈割茬次对产量及营养价值的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(7):44-48.
[16]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-30.
[17]胡守林,王汉全,赵书珍,等.12个紫花苜蓿品种营养价值分析[J].草业科学,2005,22(4):22-25.
[18]贾海军,李运起,李秋凤,等.不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):30-33.
[19]WANAPAT M,PIMPA O.Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation,purine derivatives,digestibility and rice straw intake in Swamp Buffaloes[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,1999,12(6):904-907.
[20]CLARK J H,KLUSMEYER T H,CAMERON M R.Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(8):2304-2323.
[21]朱雯,王炳,付妍,等.不同粗料来源对体外瘤胃发酵和微生物蛋白合成的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(17):39-42.
[22]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2011,27(11):21-25.
[23]MENKE K,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research and Development,1988,28(7):55-59.
[24]CONE J W,VAN GELDER A H,DRIEHUIS F.Description of gas production profiles with a three-phasic model[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1997,66(1/2/3/4):31-45.
[25]OWENS F N,BERGEN W G.Nitrogen metabolism of ruminant animals:historical perspective,current understanding and future implications[J].Journal of Animal Science,1983,57(Suppl.2):498-518.