柏木低效林不同改造模式中土壤微生物及酶活性的研究
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同改造模式对柏木Cupressus funebris低效林的改造效果,为低效林改造提供理论和技术参考。【方法】以四川省德阳市旌阳区柏木低效林改造区5种种植模式[核桃(无植草)、核桃+菊苣、核桃+苜蓿、核桃+鸭茅、纯柏(对照)]为对象,研究林地土壤微生物、酶活性的时空分布格局。【结果】对柏木低效林进行改造后,各种植模式中的土壤微生物数量、酶活性明显增加,核桃+菊苣模式最为明显,其微生物总数、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶含量分别提高了112.5%、7.7%、33.0%、39.1%和62.9%,且0~15 cm土层显著高于15~30cm土层(P<0.05)。土壤微生物与4种酶活性季节变化规律不一,真菌数量以夏季最高,放线菌以春季最高,而细菌则表现为秋季最高;过氧化氢酶活性以秋季最高,其他3种酶活性皆以春季最高。土壤微生物总量与蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与过氧化氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】各改造模式均在一定程度上改善了土壤肥力,而核桃+菊苣模式改造效果最佳。
【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical foundation and a technical reference for transformation of the low-efficiency forest,the effects of different transformation patterns on the transformation of cypress( Cupressus funebris) funebris forest were investigated. 【Method】The spatiotemporal distribution patterns of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in five cropping patterns [walnut( Juglans regia,no grass),walnut + chicory( Cichorium intybus),walnut + alfalfa( Medicago sativa),walnut + orchardgrass( Dactylis glomerata),pure cypress] in the reform area of cypress funebris forest in Jingyang District,Deyang City were studied.【Result】The quantities of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities both significantly increased after the transformation of the cypress funebris forest. Among the five patterns,the"walnut + chicory"pattern had the most significant effects with the number of soil microorganisms and the contents of catalase,sucrase,urease and alkalinep hosphatase increased by 112. 5%,7. 7%,33. 0%,39. 1% and 62. 9% respectively,and the values of all these factors were significantly higher in the upperlayer( 0- 15 cm) than those in the lower layer( 15- 30 cm)( P < 0. 05). There were different seasonal dynamics for three major microorganisms and the activities of four soil enzymes. The quantities of fungi,actinomycetes and bacteria was the highest in summer,spring and autumn respectively,and the catalase activity was the highest in autumn,while the other three enzyme activities were the highest in spring. The total number of soil microorganism was positively correlated with the activities of sucrase and alkaline( P < 0. 05),and strongly positively correlated with the catalase activity( P < 0. 01). 【Conclusion】All transformation patterns improved soil fertilities in varying degrees,with the most effective pattern being"walnut + chicory".
【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical foundation and a technical reference for transformation of the low-efficiency forest,the effects of different transformation patterns on the transformation of cypress( Cupressus funebris) funebris forest were investigated. 【Method】The spatiotemporal distribution patterns of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in five cropping patterns [walnut( Juglans regia,no grass),walnut + chicory( Cichorium intybus),walnut + alfalfa( Medicago sativa),walnut + orchardgrass( Dactylis glomerata),pure cypress] in the reform area of cypress funebris forest in Jingyang District,Deyang City were studied.【Result】The quantities of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities both significantly increased after the transformation of the cypress funebris forest. Among the five patterns,the"walnut + chicory"pattern had the most significant effects with the number of soil microorganisms and the contents of catalase,sucrase,urease and alkalinep hosphatase increased by 112. 5%,7. 7%,33. 0%,39. 1% and 62. 9% respectively,and the values of all these factors were significantly higher in the upperlayer( 0- 15 cm) than those in the lower layer( 15- 30 cm)( P < 0. 05). There were different seasonal dynamics for three major microorganisms and the activities of four soil enzymes. The quantities of fungi,actinomycetes and bacteria was the highest in summer,spring and autumn respectively,and the catalase activity was the highest in autumn,while the other three enzyme activities were the highest in spring. The total number of soil microorganism was positively correlated with the activities of sucrase and alkaline( P < 0. 05),and strongly positively correlated with the catalase activity( P < 0. 01). 【Conclusion】All transformation patterns improved soil fertilities in varying degrees,with the most effective pattern being"walnut + chicory".
引文
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[11]王冬梅,王春枝,韩晓日,等.长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2):263-267.
[12]章铁,刘秀清,孙晓莉.栗茶间作模式对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(4):265-268.
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[14]张俊忠,陈秀蓉,杨成德,等.东祁连山高寒草地土壤微生物三大类群的时空动态特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):167-171.
[15]马晓梅,尹林克.荒漠河岸林植物根际和非根际微生物的季节性变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(5):166-171.
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[18]孙翠玲,郭玉文,佟超然,等.杨树混交林地土壤微生物与酶活性的变异研究[J].林业科学,1997,33(6):488-497.
[19]陈莉莉,王得祥,于飞,等.松栎混交林土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分关系的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):78-84.
[20]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-92.
[21]付刚,刘增文,崔芳芳.秦岭山区典型人工林土壤酶活性、微生物及其与土壤养分的关系[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(10):88-94.
[22]李玥,张金池,王丽,等.上海市沿海防护林土壤微生物三大类群变化特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):43-47.
[23]戴雅婷,侯向阳,王慧,等.鄂尔多斯沙地油蒿根际土壤微生物数量的季节动态[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(10):103-107.
[24]陶宝先,张金池,愈元春,等.苏南丘陵地区森林土壤酶活性季节变化[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2349-2354.
[25]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25.
[26]刘云鹏,申卫博,张社奇,等.黄河中游湿地土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):475-478.
[27]王丽,刘霞,张光灿,等.黄前水库集水区水源保护林地土壤微生物及酶活性时空变化[J].中国水土保持,2012(1):36-40.
[28]向泽宇,王长庭,宋文彪,等.草地生态系统土壤酶活性研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1801-1806.
[29]张明明.改变碳输入对樟树林土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[30]李国梁.柏木低效林不同改造模式土壤微生物和土壤酶活性研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[31]苑力晖.沙坡头不同沙地微生物数量动态及土壤酶活性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[32]安道渊,黄必志,吴伯志.间作牧草的经济、生态效益研究进展[J].四川草原,2005,111(2):10-13.
[2]佘济云,曾思齐,陈彩虹.低效马尾松水保林林下植被及生态功能恢复研究:Ⅰ恢复技术优化经营模式[J].中南林业调查规划,2002,21(2):1-3.
[3]潘开文,杨冬生,江心.马尾松低效防护林多层经营技术研究[J].四川农业大学学报,1995,13(2):188-191.
[4]徐东,胡玉芳,刘光兰.柏木长防低效林的形成原因及改造措施探讨[J].重庆林业科技,2007(1):35-36.
[5]ZELLES L.Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characteri-sation of microbial communities in soil:A review[J].Biol Fertil Soils,1999,29(2):111-129.
[6]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:54-59.
[7]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-339.
[8]张鼎华,杨玉盛,吴擢溪,等.马尾松木荷混交林土壤微生物及肥力的初步研究[J].林业科技通讯,1988(9):6-8.
[9]何振立.土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境质量评价中的意义[J].土壤,1997,29(2):61-69.
[10]王海英,宫渊波,龚伟.不同林分土壤微生物、酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究综述[J].四川林勘设计,2005(3):10-13.
[11]王冬梅,王春枝,韩晓日,等.长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2006,37(2):263-267.
[12]章铁,刘秀清,孙晓莉.栗茶间作模式对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(4):265-268.
[13]CAMPELL C D,GRAYSTON S J,HIRST D J.Use of rhizosphere carbon sources in sole carbon source tests to discriminate soil microbial communities[J].J Microbiol Methods,1997,30(1):33-41.
[14]张俊忠,陈秀蓉,杨成德,等.东祁连山高寒草地土壤微生物三大类群的时空动态特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):167-171.
[15]马晓梅,尹林克.荒漠河岸林植物根际和非根际微生物的季节性变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(5):166-171.
[16]焦如珍,杨承栋,屠星南,等.杉木人工林不同发育阶段林下植被、土壤微生物、酶活性及养分的变化[J].林业科学研究,1997,10(4):373-379.
[17]殷国兰.岷江干旱河谷辐射松人工林土壤微生物和酶活性动态[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.
[18]孙翠玲,郭玉文,佟超然,等.杨树混交林地土壤微生物与酶活性的变异研究[J].林业科学,1997,33(6):488-497.
[19]陈莉莉,王得祥,于飞,等.松栎混交林土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性及土壤养分关系的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):78-84.
[20]万忠梅,吴景贵.土壤酶活性影响因子研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(6):87-92.
[21]付刚,刘增文,崔芳芳.秦岭山区典型人工林土壤酶活性、微生物及其与土壤养分的关系[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(10):88-94.
[22]李玥,张金池,王丽,等.上海市沿海防护林土壤微生物三大类群变化特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):43-47.
[23]戴雅婷,侯向阳,王慧,等.鄂尔多斯沙地油蒿根际土壤微生物数量的季节动态[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(10):103-107.
[24]陶宝先,张金池,愈元春,等.苏南丘陵地区森林土壤酶活性季节变化[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2349-2354.
[25]托尔坤·买买提,于磊,鲁为华,等.不同生长年限苜蓿对土壤酶活性与养分的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(11):21-25.
[26]刘云鹏,申卫博,张社奇,等.黄河中游湿地土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(3):475-478.
[27]王丽,刘霞,张光灿,等.黄前水库集水区水源保护林地土壤微生物及酶活性时空变化[J].中国水土保持,2012(1):36-40.
[28]向泽宇,王长庭,宋文彪,等.草地生态系统土壤酶活性研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1801-1806.
[29]张明明.改变碳输入对樟树林土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[30]李国梁.柏木低效林不同改造模式土壤微生物和土壤酶活性研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[31]苑力晖.沙坡头不同沙地微生物数量动态及土壤酶活性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[32]安道渊,黄必志,吴伯志.间作牧草的经济、生态效益研究进展[J].四川草原,2005,111(2):10-13.