扣带回的解剖、生理及扣带回癫
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摘要
扣带回系"新月"形脑回,位于大脑半球内侧扣带沟与胼胝体之间,是边缘系统和Papez环路的重要部分,包括前扣带回、中扣带回和后扣带回。前扣带回有多种功能,涉及情绪、认知、运动、内脏运动、母性行为和社会交往;后扣带回涉及视空间能力和记忆力。前扣带回癫是特殊类型的癫综合征,临床症状多样,包括呆滞、过度运动、姿势性强直性发作、自主神经系统症状和情绪变化;中扣带回癫表现为对侧或双侧肢体强直或阵挛;后扣带回是症状静止区,但其发作自后扣带回扩布至边缘网络或其他脑区而表现出多种症状。
The cingulate gyrus is crescent-shaped convolution on the medial surface of cerebralhemisphere between cingulate sulcus and corpus callosum. Cingulate gyrus is an integral component of thelimbic system and Papez's circuit, including anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) middle cingulate cortex(MCC)and posterior cingulate cortex(PCC). ACC have numerous functions: emotion, cognition, motor,visceromotor, maternal behavior and social activities. PCC is considered to be involved in visuospatial andmemory function. ACC epilepsy is a peculiar epileptic syndrome with a broad range of clinicalmanifestations including blunting, hypermotor and postural tonic seizures, as well as autonomic symptomsand mood alteration. The manifestations of MCC epilepsy are tonic or clonic seizures on contralateral orbilateral extremities. PCC is semiologically on the silent area. Furthermore, the spread of seizure activityfrom this area to limbic network or other symptomatogenic areas can contribute to miscellaneous symptoms.
The cingulate gyrus is crescent-shaped convolution on the medial surface of cerebralhemisphere between cingulate sulcus and corpus callosum. Cingulate gyrus is an integral component of thelimbic system and Papez's circuit, including anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) middle cingulate cortex(MCC)and posterior cingulate cortex(PCC). ACC have numerous functions: emotion, cognition, motor,visceromotor, maternal behavior and social activities. PCC is considered to be involved in visuospatial andmemory function. ACC epilepsy is a peculiar epileptic syndrome with a broad range of clinicalmanifestations including blunting, hypermotor and postural tonic seizures, as well as autonomic symptomsand mood alteration. The manifestations of MCC epilepsy are tonic or clonic seizures on contralateral orbilateral extremities. PCC is semiologically on the silent area. Furthermore, the spread of seizure activityfrom this area to limbic network or other symptomatogenic areas can contribute to miscellaneous symptoms.
引文
[1]San Pedro EC,Mountz JM,Ojha B,Khan AA,Liu HG,Kuzniecky RI.Anterior cingulate gyrus epilepsy:the role of ictal r CBF SPECT in seizure localization[J].Epilepsia,2000,41:594-600.
[2]Vogt BA,Finch DM,Olson CR.Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex:the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions[J].Cereb Cortex,1992,2:435-443.
[3]Peru A,Pavesi G,Campello M.Impairment of executive functions in a patient with a focal lesion in the anterior cingulate cortex:evidence from neuropsychological assessment[J].Funct Neurol,2004,19:107-111.
[4]Garzon E,Lüders HO.Cingulate epilepsy[M]//Lüders HO.Textbook of epilepsy surgery.London:Informa Healthcare,2008:334-354.
[5]Alkawadri R,Mickey BE,Madden CJ,Van Ness PC.Cingulate gyrus epilepsy:clinical and behavioral aspects,with surgical outcomes[J].Arch Neurol,2011,68:381-385.
[6]Mazars G.Criteria for identifying cingulate epilepsies[J].Epilepsia,1970,11:41-47.
[7]Veilleux F,Saint-Hilaire JM,Giard N.Seizures of human medical frontal lobe[M]//Chauvel P,Delagado-Escueta AV,Halgren E.Advance in neurology.New York:Raven Press,1992:250.
[8]Von Lehe M,Wagner J,Wellmer J,Clusmann H,Kral T.Epilepsy surgery of the cingulate gyrus and the frontomedical cortex[J].Neurosurgery,2012,70:900-910.
[9]Bush G,Luu P,Posner M.Cognitive and emotional in anterior cingulate cortex[J].Trends Cog Sci,2000,4:215-222.
[10]Devinsky O,Morrell M,Vogt BA.Contribution of anterior cingulate cortex to behavior[J].Brain,1995,118(Pt 1):279-306.
[11]Paus T,Petrides M,Evans AC,Meyer E.Role of the human anterior cingulate cortex in the control of oculomotor,manual,and speech responses:a position emission tomography study[J].J Neurophysiol,1993,70:453-469.
[12]Rheims S,Ryvlin P,Scherer C,Minotti L,Hoffmann D,Guenot M,Mauguière F,Benabid AL,Kahane P.Analysis of clinical patterns and underlying epileptogenic zones of hypermotor seizures[J].Epilepsia,2008,49:2030-2040.
[13]Kremer S,Chassagnon S,Hoffmann D,Benabid AL,Kahane P.The cingulate hidden hand[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2001,70:264-265.
[14]Pandya DN,Petrides M,Seltzer B,Cipolloni PB.Cerebral cortex:architecture,connections,and the dual origin concept[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2015:234-238.
[15]Jones-Gotman M,Zatorre RJ.Odor recognition memory in human:role of right temporal and orbitofrontal regions[J].Brain Cogn,1993,22:182-189.
[16]Tamburin S,Cacciatori C,Bonato C,Zanette C.Cingulate gyrus tumor presenting as panic attack[J].Am J Psychiatry,2008,165:651-652.
[17]Unnwongse K,Wehner T,Foldvary-Schaefern N.Mesial frontal lobe epilepsy[J].J Clin Neurophysiol,2012,39:371-378.
[18]di Pellegrimo G,Ciaramelli E,Ládanas E.The regulation of cognitive control following rostral anterior cingulate cortex lesion in human[J].J Cogn Neurosci,2007,19:275-286.
[19]Chang WP,Shyu BC.Anterior cingulate epilepsy:machanisms and modulation[J].Front Integr Neurosci,2014,7:104.
[20]Souirti Z,LandréE,Mellerio C,Devaux B,Chassoux F.Neural network underlying ictal pouting("chapeau de gendarme")in frontal lobe epilepsy[J].Epilepsy Behav,2014,37:249-257.
[21]Brázdil M,Kuba R,Rehtor I.Rostral cingulate motor area and paroxysmal alien hand syndrome[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2006,77:992-993.
[22]Lim EC,Tan JJ,Ong BK,Wilder-Smith EP.Generalized myoclonus evolving into epilepsia partialis continua due to a cingulated gyrus lesion:case report and review of the literature[J].Parkinsonism Relat Disord,2004,10:447-449.
[23]Vogt BA,Vogt L,Laureys S.Cytology and functionally correlated circuit of human posterior cingulate areas[J].Neuroimage,2006,29:452-466.
[24]Leech R,Sharp DJ.The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognitive and disease[J].Brain,2014,137(Pt 1):12-32.
[25]Bagla R,Skidmore CT.Frontal lobe seizures[J].Neurologist,2011,17:125-135.
[26]Madhavan D,Liebman T,Nadkarni S,Devinsky O.Anterior cingulate epilepsy in a 18-year-old woman[J].Rev Neurol Dis,2007,4:39-42.
[27]Enatsu R,Bulacio J,Nair DR,Bingaman W,Najm I,GonzalezMartinez J.Posterior cingulate epilepsy:clinical and neurophysiological analysis[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2014,85:44-50.
[28]Sperli F,Spinelli L,Pollo C,Seeck M.Contralateral smile and laughter,but no mirth,induced by electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex[J].Epilepsia,2006,42:440-443.
[29]Leung H,Schindler K,Kwon P,Elger C.Asystole induced by electrical stimulation of the left cingulate gyrus[J].Epileptic Disord,2007,9:77-81.
[30]Caruana F,Avanzini P,Gozzo F,Francione S,Cardinale F,Rizzolatti G.Mirth and laughter elicited by electrical stimulation of the human anterior cingulate cortex[J].Cortex,2015,71:323-331.
[31]Vaysey Z,Martin-Lápez D,Jiméneg-Jiménez D,Selway RP,Alarcón G,Valentín A.Electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate gyrus induces responses similar to K-complexes in awake humans[J].Brain Stimul,2015,8:881-890.
[32]Mohamed IS,Otsubo H,Shroff M,Donner E,Drake J,Snead OC 3rd.Magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging in gelastic seizures secondary to a cingulate gyrus lesion[J].Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2007,109:182-187.
[33]Wu JJ,Chang WP,Shih HC,Yen CT,Shyu BC.Cingulate seizure-like activity reveals neuronal avalanche regulated by network excitability and thalamic inputs[J].BMC Neurosci,2014,15:3.
[34]Mc Gonigal A,Chauvel P.Frontal lobe epilepsy:seizure semiology and presurgical evaluation[J].Pract Neurol,2004,4:260.
[35]Nobili L,Francione S,Mai R,Cardinale F,Castana L,Tassi L,Sartori I,Didato G,Citterio A,Colombo N,Galli C,Lo Russo G,Cossu M.Surgical treatment of drug-resistant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy[J].Brain,2007,130:561-573.
[36]Bancaud J,Talairach J.Clinical semiology of frontal lobe seizures[M]//Chauvel P,Delgado-Escueta AV.Advances in neurology.New York:Raven Press,1992:3-58.
[37]De Rose M,Luzi M,Trignani R,Passamonti C,Zamponi N,Lavano A,Rychlicki F.Cingulate epilepsy in a child with a lowgrade glioma[J].Child Nerv Syst,2009,25:1507-1511.
[38]Tinuper P,Bisulli F,Provini F,Lugaresi E.Familial frontal lobe epilepsy and its relationship with other nocturnal paroxysmal events[J].Epilepsia,2010,51 Suppl 1:51-53.
[39]Bonini F,Mc Gonigal A,Trébuchon A,Gavaret M,Bartolomei F,Giusiano B,Chauvel P.Frontal lobe seizures:from clinical semiology to localization[J].Epilepsia,2014,55:264-277.
[40]Smith JR,Sillay R,Winkler P,King DW,Loring DW.Orbitofrontal epilepsy:electroclinical analysis of surgical cases and literature review[J].Stereotact Funct Neurosurg,2004,82:20-25.
[41]Wu DY,Li XX,Li R,Zhang D,Zhang XF,Wen J,Jiao JS,Ren LK.Cingulate cortex epilepsy presenting as overexercise:one case report and literature review[J].Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi,2015,48:185-187[.吴冬燕,李小璇,李锐,张娣,张向飞,温静,焦劲松,任连坤.以过度运动为表现的扣带回癫痫一例并文献复习[J].中华神经科杂志,2015,48:185-187.]
[42]Boesebeck F,Ebner A.Paroxysmal alien limb phenomena due to epileptic seizures and electrical cortical stimulation[J].Neurology,2004,63:1725-1727.
[43]Mirandala L,Meletti S,Cantalupo G.Long-term surgery outcome for epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in a child with anterior cingulate gyrus dysplasia[J].Epilepsy Behav Case Rep,2015,3:20-22.44]Mc Govern RA,Ratneswaren T,Smith EH,Russo JF,Jongeling AC,Bateman LM,Schevon CA,Feldstein NA,Mc Khann GM 2nd,Sheth S.Investigating the function of deep cortical and subcortical structure using stereotactic electroencephalography:lessons from anterior cingulate cortex[J].J Vis Exp,2015,98:1-11.
[45]Schrader D,Langill L,Singhal A,Steinbok P,Connolly MB.Cingulate lesions presenting with epileptic spasms[J].J Clin Neurophysiol,2009,26:342-347.
[46]Braga AM,Fujisao EK,Verdaede RC,Paschoalato RP,Paschoalato RP,Yamashita S,Betting LE.Investigation of the cingulate cortex in idiopathic generalized epilepsy[J].Epilepsia,2015,56:1803-1811.
[47]Serletis D,Bulacio J,Alexopoulos A,Najm I,Bingaman W,González-Martínez J.Tailored unilobar and multilobar resections for orbitofrontal-plus epilepsy[J].Neurosurgery,2014,75:388-397.
[2]Vogt BA,Finch DM,Olson CR.Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex:the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions[J].Cereb Cortex,1992,2:435-443.
[3]Peru A,Pavesi G,Campello M.Impairment of executive functions in a patient with a focal lesion in the anterior cingulate cortex:evidence from neuropsychological assessment[J].Funct Neurol,2004,19:107-111.
[4]Garzon E,Lüders HO.Cingulate epilepsy[M]//Lüders HO.Textbook of epilepsy surgery.London:Informa Healthcare,2008:334-354.
[5]Alkawadri R,Mickey BE,Madden CJ,Van Ness PC.Cingulate gyrus epilepsy:clinical and behavioral aspects,with surgical outcomes[J].Arch Neurol,2011,68:381-385.
[6]Mazars G.Criteria for identifying cingulate epilepsies[J].Epilepsia,1970,11:41-47.
[7]Veilleux F,Saint-Hilaire JM,Giard N.Seizures of human medical frontal lobe[M]//Chauvel P,Delagado-Escueta AV,Halgren E.Advance in neurology.New York:Raven Press,1992:250.
[8]Von Lehe M,Wagner J,Wellmer J,Clusmann H,Kral T.Epilepsy surgery of the cingulate gyrus and the frontomedical cortex[J].Neurosurgery,2012,70:900-910.
[9]Bush G,Luu P,Posner M.Cognitive and emotional in anterior cingulate cortex[J].Trends Cog Sci,2000,4:215-222.
[10]Devinsky O,Morrell M,Vogt BA.Contribution of anterior cingulate cortex to behavior[J].Brain,1995,118(Pt 1):279-306.
[11]Paus T,Petrides M,Evans AC,Meyer E.Role of the human anterior cingulate cortex in the control of oculomotor,manual,and speech responses:a position emission tomography study[J].J Neurophysiol,1993,70:453-469.
[12]Rheims S,Ryvlin P,Scherer C,Minotti L,Hoffmann D,Guenot M,Mauguière F,Benabid AL,Kahane P.Analysis of clinical patterns and underlying epileptogenic zones of hypermotor seizures[J].Epilepsia,2008,49:2030-2040.
[13]Kremer S,Chassagnon S,Hoffmann D,Benabid AL,Kahane P.The cingulate hidden hand[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2001,70:264-265.
[14]Pandya DN,Petrides M,Seltzer B,Cipolloni PB.Cerebral cortex:architecture,connections,and the dual origin concept[M].New York:Oxford University Press,2015:234-238.
[15]Jones-Gotman M,Zatorre RJ.Odor recognition memory in human:role of right temporal and orbitofrontal regions[J].Brain Cogn,1993,22:182-189.
[16]Tamburin S,Cacciatori C,Bonato C,Zanette C.Cingulate gyrus tumor presenting as panic attack[J].Am J Psychiatry,2008,165:651-652.
[17]Unnwongse K,Wehner T,Foldvary-Schaefern N.Mesial frontal lobe epilepsy[J].J Clin Neurophysiol,2012,39:371-378.
[18]di Pellegrimo G,Ciaramelli E,Ládanas E.The regulation of cognitive control following rostral anterior cingulate cortex lesion in human[J].J Cogn Neurosci,2007,19:275-286.
[19]Chang WP,Shyu BC.Anterior cingulate epilepsy:machanisms and modulation[J].Front Integr Neurosci,2014,7:104.
[20]Souirti Z,LandréE,Mellerio C,Devaux B,Chassoux F.Neural network underlying ictal pouting("chapeau de gendarme")in frontal lobe epilepsy[J].Epilepsy Behav,2014,37:249-257.
[21]Brázdil M,Kuba R,Rehtor I.Rostral cingulate motor area and paroxysmal alien hand syndrome[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2006,77:992-993.
[22]Lim EC,Tan JJ,Ong BK,Wilder-Smith EP.Generalized myoclonus evolving into epilepsia partialis continua due to a cingulated gyrus lesion:case report and review of the literature[J].Parkinsonism Relat Disord,2004,10:447-449.
[23]Vogt BA,Vogt L,Laureys S.Cytology and functionally correlated circuit of human posterior cingulate areas[J].Neuroimage,2006,29:452-466.
[24]Leech R,Sharp DJ.The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognitive and disease[J].Brain,2014,137(Pt 1):12-32.
[25]Bagla R,Skidmore CT.Frontal lobe seizures[J].Neurologist,2011,17:125-135.
[26]Madhavan D,Liebman T,Nadkarni S,Devinsky O.Anterior cingulate epilepsy in a 18-year-old woman[J].Rev Neurol Dis,2007,4:39-42.
[27]Enatsu R,Bulacio J,Nair DR,Bingaman W,Najm I,GonzalezMartinez J.Posterior cingulate epilepsy:clinical and neurophysiological analysis[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2014,85:44-50.
[28]Sperli F,Spinelli L,Pollo C,Seeck M.Contralateral smile and laughter,but no mirth,induced by electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex[J].Epilepsia,2006,42:440-443.
[29]Leung H,Schindler K,Kwon P,Elger C.Asystole induced by electrical stimulation of the left cingulate gyrus[J].Epileptic Disord,2007,9:77-81.
[30]Caruana F,Avanzini P,Gozzo F,Francione S,Cardinale F,Rizzolatti G.Mirth and laughter elicited by electrical stimulation of the human anterior cingulate cortex[J].Cortex,2015,71:323-331.
[31]Vaysey Z,Martin-Lápez D,Jiméneg-Jiménez D,Selway RP,Alarcón G,Valentín A.Electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate gyrus induces responses similar to K-complexes in awake humans[J].Brain Stimul,2015,8:881-890.
[32]Mohamed IS,Otsubo H,Shroff M,Donner E,Drake J,Snead OC 3rd.Magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging in gelastic seizures secondary to a cingulate gyrus lesion[J].Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2007,109:182-187.
[33]Wu JJ,Chang WP,Shih HC,Yen CT,Shyu BC.Cingulate seizure-like activity reveals neuronal avalanche regulated by network excitability and thalamic inputs[J].BMC Neurosci,2014,15:3.
[34]Mc Gonigal A,Chauvel P.Frontal lobe epilepsy:seizure semiology and presurgical evaluation[J].Pract Neurol,2004,4:260.
[35]Nobili L,Francione S,Mai R,Cardinale F,Castana L,Tassi L,Sartori I,Didato G,Citterio A,Colombo N,Galli C,Lo Russo G,Cossu M.Surgical treatment of drug-resistant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy[J].Brain,2007,130:561-573.
[36]Bancaud J,Talairach J.Clinical semiology of frontal lobe seizures[M]//Chauvel P,Delgado-Escueta AV.Advances in neurology.New York:Raven Press,1992:3-58.
[37]De Rose M,Luzi M,Trignani R,Passamonti C,Zamponi N,Lavano A,Rychlicki F.Cingulate epilepsy in a child with a lowgrade glioma[J].Child Nerv Syst,2009,25:1507-1511.
[38]Tinuper P,Bisulli F,Provini F,Lugaresi E.Familial frontal lobe epilepsy and its relationship with other nocturnal paroxysmal events[J].Epilepsia,2010,51 Suppl 1:51-53.
[39]Bonini F,Mc Gonigal A,Trébuchon A,Gavaret M,Bartolomei F,Giusiano B,Chauvel P.Frontal lobe seizures:from clinical semiology to localization[J].Epilepsia,2014,55:264-277.
[40]Smith JR,Sillay R,Winkler P,King DW,Loring DW.Orbitofrontal epilepsy:electroclinical analysis of surgical cases and literature review[J].Stereotact Funct Neurosurg,2004,82:20-25.
[41]Wu DY,Li XX,Li R,Zhang D,Zhang XF,Wen J,Jiao JS,Ren LK.Cingulate cortex epilepsy presenting as overexercise:one case report and literature review[J].Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi,2015,48:185-187[.吴冬燕,李小璇,李锐,张娣,张向飞,温静,焦劲松,任连坤.以过度运动为表现的扣带回癫痫一例并文献复习[J].中华神经科杂志,2015,48:185-187.]
[42]Boesebeck F,Ebner A.Paroxysmal alien limb phenomena due to epileptic seizures and electrical cortical stimulation[J].Neurology,2004,63:1725-1727.
[43]Mirandala L,Meletti S,Cantalupo G.Long-term surgery outcome for epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in a child with anterior cingulate gyrus dysplasia[J].Epilepsy Behav Case Rep,2015,3:20-22.44]Mc Govern RA,Ratneswaren T,Smith EH,Russo JF,Jongeling AC,Bateman LM,Schevon CA,Feldstein NA,Mc Khann GM 2nd,Sheth S.Investigating the function of deep cortical and subcortical structure using stereotactic electroencephalography:lessons from anterior cingulate cortex[J].J Vis Exp,2015,98:1-11.
[45]Schrader D,Langill L,Singhal A,Steinbok P,Connolly MB.Cingulate lesions presenting with epileptic spasms[J].J Clin Neurophysiol,2009,26:342-347.
[46]Braga AM,Fujisao EK,Verdaede RC,Paschoalato RP,Paschoalato RP,Yamashita S,Betting LE.Investigation of the cingulate cortex in idiopathic generalized epilepsy[J].Epilepsia,2015,56:1803-1811.
[47]Serletis D,Bulacio J,Alexopoulos A,Najm I,Bingaman W,González-Martínez J.Tailored unilobar and multilobar resections for orbitofrontal-plus epilepsy[J].Neurosurgery,2014,75:388-397.