扩展弹性阻抗在低孔、低渗砂砾岩储层物性预测中的应用
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摘要
砂砾岩储层是渤海A构造区油气勘探的重要目标之一,近源、快速堆积的特征使得砂砾岩储层非均质性较强,物性变化快,寻找局部发育的优质储层成为后续勘探亟待解决的关键问题.为此,基于弹性阻抗理论,引入一种依赖梯度阻抗(GI)的物性预测方法,其核心是在常规声波阻抗(AI)和梯度阻抗(GI)空间中实现角度旋转,通过计算最佳旋转角度下的扩展弹性阻抗,获得和孔隙度直接相关的敏感弹性参数,通过有色反演将AVO截距-梯度属性转到阻抗域,进而得到相应的孔隙度敏感参数体.对研究区展开的实际应用表明:上述方法能够凸显砂砾岩体内部的物性变化,同时克服了常规物性预测步骤复杂、对井和地震资料要求苛刻的问题,获得的孔隙度敏感参数体与实钻井吻合率高,有效指示了优质储层平面展布,为后续勘探评价提供了支持.
The glutenite reservoirs are one of the important exploration targets in the Bohai A structural area. With the characteristics of near-source and rapid accumulation,the glutenite reservoir is very heterogeneous and its physical property variation is fast,searching the high quality reservoirs which are locally distributed becomes the key issues to be solved for the following exploration. Based on the theory of elastic impedance,a method of physical property prediction based on Gradient Impedance( GI) is introduced in this paper. The core is the angle rotation in the space of conventional Acoustic Impedance( AI) and Gradient Impedance( GI). By calculating the optimal rotation angle and the corresponding elastic impedance,the elastic parameters related to reservoir porosity are got directly. Then the AVO intercept-gradient attributes are transferred to impedance domain by the colored inversion,and the corresponding porositysensitive parameter body is obtained. The practical application in the research area shows that the above method can highlight the physical property variations inside the glutenite reservoirs,and also avoids the complexity steps of the conventional physical prediction.The obtained porosity sensitive parameter body fit the real drilling data well,which effectively indicates the distribution of high quality reservoirs,thus providing support for follow exploration evaluation.
The glutenite reservoirs are one of the important exploration targets in the Bohai A structural area. With the characteristics of near-source and rapid accumulation,the glutenite reservoir is very heterogeneous and its physical property variation is fast,searching the high quality reservoirs which are locally distributed becomes the key issues to be solved for the following exploration. Based on the theory of elastic impedance,a method of physical property prediction based on Gradient Impedance( GI) is introduced in this paper. The core is the angle rotation in the space of conventional Acoustic Impedance( AI) and Gradient Impedance( GI). By calculating the optimal rotation angle and the corresponding elastic impedance,the elastic parameters related to reservoir porosity are got directly. Then the AVO intercept-gradient attributes are transferred to impedance domain by the colored inversion,and the corresponding porositysensitive parameter body is obtained. The practical application in the research area shows that the above method can highlight the physical property variations inside the glutenite reservoirs,and also avoids the complexity steps of the conventional physical prediction.The obtained porosity sensitive parameter body fit the real drilling data well,which effectively indicates the distribution of high quality reservoirs,thus providing support for follow exploration evaluation.
引文
Connolly P. 2012. Elastic impedance[J]. Leading Edge,18(4):438-438.
Dillon L. 2003. A multiscale DHI elastic attributes evaluation[J].Leading Edge,22(10):1024-1029.
Gao Y, Zhu Y K, Zhao H, et al. 2013. Application of prestack simultaneous inversion technique in effective reservoir prediction of sand-gravel body[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,52(2):223-228.
Liu Z,Zhang H F. 1991. Application of extended time average equation in the prediction of porosities of clastic reservoir rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,12(4):21-26.
Luo H M,Luo X R,Liu S H,et al. 2014. Physical features and influencing factors of elastic velocity of compacted sandyconglomerates in northern steep slope,Dongying sag[J]. PGRE,21(2):91-94.
Ma L J,He X Z,Sun M J,et al. 2002. Characterization of glutenite reservoirs in the northern Dongying sang[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,41(3):354-358.
Niu C,Liu C-C,Liu Z B,et al. 2011. Applications of EEI inversion in reservoir prediction[J]. OGP,46(s1):67-71.
Whitcombe D N. 2002. Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,67(1):60–62.
Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,Redshaw T C. 2002.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,67(1):63-67.
Wyllie M R,Gregory A R,Gardner G H F. 1958. An experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media[J]. Geophysics,23(3):459-493.
Yan J P,Yan Y,Li Z Z,et al. 2016. Physical property evolution of glutenite reservoir and its influencing factors:A case study from northern steep slope zone in Dongying Sag[J]. Lithologic reservoirs,28(2):1-6.
Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al. 2009. Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir[J]. Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),24(2):574-580,doi:10. 3969/j. issn.1004-2903. 2009. 02. 027.
Zhang M Z. 2016. Identification method for oil-gas reservoirs based on fluid elastic impedance inversion[J]. Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),31(6):2717-2723,doi:10. 6038/pg20160648.
高云,朱应科,赵华,等. 2013.叠前同时反演技术在砂砾岩体有效储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,52(2):223-228.
刘震,张厚福,张万选. 1991.扩展时间平均方程在碎屑岩储层孔隙度预测中的应用[J].石油学报,12(4):21-26.
罗红梅,罗晓容,刘书会,等. 2014.东营凹陷北部陡坡带致密砂砾岩体物性特征及弹性波速影响因素[J].油气地质与采收率,21(2):91-94.
马丽娟,何新贞,孙明江,等. 2002.东营凹陷北部砂砾岩储层描述方法[J].石油物探,41(3):354-358.
牛聪,刘春成,刘志斌,等. 2011.扩展弹性阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(s1):67-71.
闫建平,言语,李尊芝,等. 2016.砂砾岩储层物性演化及影响因素研究——以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例[J].岩性油气藏,28(2):1-6.
喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等. 2009.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):574-580,doi:10 . 3969/j. issn. 1004-2903. 2009. 02. 027.
张明振. 2016.基于流体弹性阻抗反演的储层含油气性识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,31(6):2717-2723,doi:10. 6038/pg20160648.
Dillon L. 2003. A multiscale DHI elastic attributes evaluation[J].Leading Edge,22(10):1024-1029.
Gao Y, Zhu Y K, Zhao H, et al. 2013. Application of prestack simultaneous inversion technique in effective reservoir prediction of sand-gravel body[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,52(2):223-228.
Liu Z,Zhang H F. 1991. Application of extended time average equation in the prediction of porosities of clastic reservoir rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,12(4):21-26.
Luo H M,Luo X R,Liu S H,et al. 2014. Physical features and influencing factors of elastic velocity of compacted sandyconglomerates in northern steep slope,Dongying sag[J]. PGRE,21(2):91-94.
Ma L J,He X Z,Sun M J,et al. 2002. Characterization of glutenite reservoirs in the northern Dongying sang[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,41(3):354-358.
Niu C,Liu C-C,Liu Z B,et al. 2011. Applications of EEI inversion in reservoir prediction[J]. OGP,46(s1):67-71.
Whitcombe D N. 2002. Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,67(1):60–62.
Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,Redshaw T C. 2002.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,67(1):63-67.
Wyllie M R,Gregory A R,Gardner G H F. 1958. An experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media[J]. Geophysics,23(3):459-493.
Yan J P,Yan Y,Li Z Z,et al. 2016. Physical property evolution of glutenite reservoir and its influencing factors:A case study from northern steep slope zone in Dongying Sag[J]. Lithologic reservoirs,28(2):1-6.
Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al. 2009. Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir[J]. Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),24(2):574-580,doi:10. 3969/j. issn.1004-2903. 2009. 02. 027.
Zhang M Z. 2016. Identification method for oil-gas reservoirs based on fluid elastic impedance inversion[J]. Progress in Geophys(in Chinese),31(6):2717-2723,doi:10. 6038/pg20160648.
高云,朱应科,赵华,等. 2013.叠前同时反演技术在砂砾岩体有效储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,52(2):223-228.
刘震,张厚福,张万选. 1991.扩展时间平均方程在碎屑岩储层孔隙度预测中的应用[J].石油学报,12(4):21-26.
罗红梅,罗晓容,刘书会,等. 2014.东营凹陷北部陡坡带致密砂砾岩体物性特征及弹性波速影响因素[J].油气地质与采收率,21(2):91-94.
马丽娟,何新贞,孙明江,等. 2002.东营凹陷北部砂砾岩储层描述方法[J].石油物探,41(3):354-358.
牛聪,刘春成,刘志斌,等. 2011.扩展弹性阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(s1):67-71.
闫建平,言语,李尊芝,等. 2016.砂砾岩储层物性演化及影响因素研究——以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例[J].岩性油气藏,28(2):1-6.
喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等. 2009.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):574-580,doi:10 . 3969/j. issn. 1004-2903. 2009. 02. 027.
张明振. 2016.基于流体弹性阻抗反演的储层含油气性识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,31(6):2717-2723,doi:10. 6038/pg20160648.