基于地震反演的烃源岩有机质丰度预测方法及其在丽水凹陷的应用
|
摘要
对于海上少井地区,地震资料在烃源岩评价方面显得尤为重要。综合运用地球化学分析、岩石物理分析、地震反演等手段,建立了一套海上少井地区基于地震反演的总有机碳(TOC)定量计算方法:首先,建立数据驱动的岩石物理模型;然后,基于实验室数据标定,应用测井数据,采用混合概率密度网络训练,完成单井TOC的预测;最后,建立烃源岩TOC与弹性参数的映射关系,利用地震反演手段得到主要目的层TOC分布,进而获取有效烃源岩厚度。在东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷的应用结果表明,古新统月桂峰组和灵峰组烃源岩以中等及以上为主(TOC大于0.5%),月桂峰组优质烃源岩主要分布于西次凹,灵峰组下段烃源岩集中于西次凹北部。本文方法可大大提高少井地区烃源岩预测精度,可为油气资源评价和勘探决策提供重要参考依据。
For offshore areas with sparsely deployed wells, seismic data is particularly important in the evaluation of source rocks. Based on measures like geochemical analysis, petrophysical analysis and seismic inversion, a TOC quantitative calculation method based on seismic inversion was established for offshore areas with sparsely deployed wells. Firstly, a data-driven petrophysical model was established; secondly, according to laboratory data calibration, the logging data was applied to complete the prediction of single well TOC by conducting mixed probability density network training; Finally, the mapping relationship between source rocks TOC and elastic parameters was established, and the TOC distribution of main target layers was obtained through seismic inversion, hence achieving the effective thickness of source rocks. The application results in the Lishui sag of the East China Sea Shelf basin indicate that the source rocks in the Palaeocene Yueguifeng and Lingfeng Formations are mainly at medium and above level(TOC is greater than 0.5%); the high-quality source rocks in the Yueguifeng Formation are mainly distributed in the Western subsag, and that of the Lingfeng Formation are concentrated in the northern part of the Western subsag. The method in this paper can greatly improve the source rocks prediction accuracy of areas with sparsely deployed wells, and can provide important references for oil and gas resources evaluation and exploration decision-making.
For offshore areas with sparsely deployed wells, seismic data is particularly important in the evaluation of source rocks. Based on measures like geochemical analysis, petrophysical analysis and seismic inversion, a TOC quantitative calculation method based on seismic inversion was established for offshore areas with sparsely deployed wells. Firstly, a data-driven petrophysical model was established; secondly, according to laboratory data calibration, the logging data was applied to complete the prediction of single well TOC by conducting mixed probability density network training; Finally, the mapping relationship between source rocks TOC and elastic parameters was established, and the TOC distribution of main target layers was obtained through seismic inversion, hence achieving the effective thickness of source rocks. The application results in the Lishui sag of the East China Sea Shelf basin indicate that the source rocks in the Palaeocene Yueguifeng and Lingfeng Formations are mainly at medium and above level(TOC is greater than 0.5%); the high-quality source rocks in the Yueguifeng Formation are mainly distributed in the Western subsag, and that of the Lingfeng Formation are concentrated in the northern part of the Western subsag. The method in this paper can greatly improve the source rocks prediction accuracy of areas with sparsely deployed wells, and can provide important references for oil and gas resources evaluation and exploration decision-making.
引文
[1] 李贤庆,熊波,马安来,等.有机岩石学在油气勘探评价中的应用进展[J].石油天然气学报,2002,24(1):15-19.LI Xianqing,XIONG Bo,MA Anlai,et al.Advancement of organic petrology in oil and gas exploration [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2002,24(1):15-19.
[2] 王飞宇.超微层次有机岩石学及其在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(增刊1):112-117.WANG Feiyu.Ultramicro hierarchical organic petrology and its application in the evaluation of source rocks [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1995,19(S1):112-117.
[3] 熊德明,张明峰,吴陈君,等.海相碳酸盐烃源岩生烃潜力模糊评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(4):42-50.XIONG Deming,ZHANG Mingfeng,WU Chenjun,et al.The evaluation method of marine carbonate source rocks’ hydrocarbon potential by fuzzy AHP [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2015,37(4):42-50.
[4] SCHMOKER J W.Determination of organic matter content of application devonian shales from gamma-ray logs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1981,65(7):1285-1298.
[5] AUTRIC A,DUMESNIL P.Resistivity radioactivity and sonic transit time logs to evaluate the organic content of low permeability rocks[J].The Log Analysis,1985,26(3):36-45.
[6] PASSEY Q R,CREANEY S,KULLA J B,et al.A practical model for organic richness from porosity and resistivity logs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(7):1777-1794.
[7] 黄艳辉,刘震,陈婕,等.利用地震信息定量预测烃源岩热成熟度:以琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(6):985-994.HUANG Yanhui,LIU Zhen,CHEN Jie,et al.Source rock maturity quantitative prediction using seismic information:A case study in the Ledong-Lingshui Depression,Qiongdongnan Basin [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(6):985-994.
[8] 李松峰,徐思煌,薛罗,等.稀井区烃源岩有机碳的地球物理预测方法:珠江口盆地恩平凹陷恩平组烃源岩勘探实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(2):369-374.LI Songfeng,XU Sihuang,XUE Luo,et al.Source rock organic carbon prediction with geophysical approach in the sparsely-drilled area:A case study of Enping Depression,the Pearl Mouth Basin [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014 ,49(2):369-374.
[9] 刘志斌,牛聪,刘方.基于地震反演的烃源岩定量评价方法:以渤海湾盆地辽西凹陷为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):16-21.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.003.LIU Zhibin,NIU Cong,LIU Fang.A method to quantitatively evaluate source rocks based on seismic inversion:A case study of Liaoxi sag in Bohai Bay basin [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):16-21.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.003.
[10] 牛聪,刘志斌,王彦春,等.应用地球物理技术定量评价辽西凹陷沙河街组烃源岩[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):131-137.NIU Cong,LIU Zhibin,WANG Yanchun,et al.Quantitative evaluation of Shahejie Formation source rocks in Liaoxi Sag with geophysical approaches[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):131-137.
[11] 陈志勇,吴培康,吴志轩.丽水凹陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(6):384-392.CHEN Zhiyong,WU Peikang,WU Zhixuan.Petroleum geology and exploration potential of Lishui sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology),2000,14(6):384-392.
[12] 贾成业,夏斌,王核,等.东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷构造演化及油气地质分析[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):397-401.JIA Chengye,XIA Bin,WANG He,et al.Characteristic of tectonic evolution and petroleum geology in Lishui Sag,East China Sea Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):397-401.
[13] 张银国,葛和平,杨艳秋,等.东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷古新统层序地层的划分及控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(3):33-39.ZHANG Yinguo,GE Heping,YANG Yanqiu,et al.Division and controlling factors of Paleocene sequence strata in Lishui Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(3):33-39.
[14] 袁彩萍,徐思煌,薛罗.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷主力烃源岩测井预测及评价[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(1):110-116.YUAN Caiping,XU Sihuang,XUE Luo.Prediction and evaluation with logging of main source rocks in Huizhou Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2014,36(1):110-116.
[15] 孟召平,郭彦省,刘尉.页岩气储层有机碳含量与测井参数的关系及预测模型[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):247-253.MENG Zhaoping,GUO Yansheng,LIU Wei.Relationship between organic carbon content of shale gas reservoir and logging parameters and its prediction model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):247 -253.
[16] 朱振宇,王贵文,朱广宇.人工神经网络法在烃源岩测井评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):137-140.ZHU Zhenyu,WANG Guiwen,ZHU Guanyu.The application of artificial neural network to the source rock' s evaluation[J].Progress in Geophhsics,2002,17(1):137-140.
[17] 赵兴齐,陈践发,郭望,等.BP神经网络在西湖凹陷烃源岩评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2013,37(5):567-571.ZHAO Xingqi,CHEN Jianfa,GUO Wang,et al.The application of BP network to the source rocks evaluation in Xihu Sag[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(5):567-571.
[18] 王攀,彭苏萍,杜文凤,等.基于测井参数的煤系烃源岩总有机碳含量预测模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1266-1276.WANG Pan,PENG Suping,DU Wenfeng,et al.Prediction model of total organic carbon content on hydrocarbon source rocks in coal measures based on geophysical well logging[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1266-1276.
[19] 中国海洋石油集团有限公司.Q/HS1017-2006 烃源岩地球化学定量评价规范[S].北京:中国海洋石油集团有限公司,2007.China National Offshore Oil Corporation.Q/HS 1017-2006 The norm of quantitative geochemistry evaluation for hydrocarbon source rock[S].Beijing:China National Offshore Oil Corporation,2007.
[2] 王飞宇.超微层次有机岩石学及其在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(增刊1):112-117.WANG Feiyu.Ultramicro hierarchical organic petrology and its application in the evaluation of source rocks [J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1995,19(S1):112-117.
[3] 熊德明,张明峰,吴陈君,等.海相碳酸盐烃源岩生烃潜力模糊评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(4):42-50.XIONG Deming,ZHANG Mingfeng,WU Chenjun,et al.The evaluation method of marine carbonate source rocks’ hydrocarbon potential by fuzzy AHP [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2015,37(4):42-50.
[4] SCHMOKER J W.Determination of organic matter content of application devonian shales from gamma-ray logs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1981,65(7):1285-1298.
[5] AUTRIC A,DUMESNIL P.Resistivity radioactivity and sonic transit time logs to evaluate the organic content of low permeability rocks[J].The Log Analysis,1985,26(3):36-45.
[6] PASSEY Q R,CREANEY S,KULLA J B,et al.A practical model for organic richness from porosity and resistivity logs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(7):1777-1794.
[7] 黄艳辉,刘震,陈婕,等.利用地震信息定量预测烃源岩热成熟度:以琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(6):985-994.HUANG Yanhui,LIU Zhen,CHEN Jie,et al.Source rock maturity quantitative prediction using seismic information:A case study in the Ledong-Lingshui Depression,Qiongdongnan Basin [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(6):985-994.
[8] 李松峰,徐思煌,薛罗,等.稀井区烃源岩有机碳的地球物理预测方法:珠江口盆地恩平凹陷恩平组烃源岩勘探实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(2):369-374.LI Songfeng,XU Sihuang,XUE Luo,et al.Source rock organic carbon prediction with geophysical approach in the sparsely-drilled area:A case study of Enping Depression,the Pearl Mouth Basin [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014 ,49(2):369-374.
[9] 刘志斌,牛聪,刘方.基于地震反演的烃源岩定量评价方法:以渤海湾盆地辽西凹陷为例[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):16-21.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.003.LIU Zhibin,NIU Cong,LIU Fang.A method to quantitatively evaluate source rocks based on seismic inversion:A case study of Liaoxi sag in Bohai Bay basin [J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(5):16-21.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2016.05.003.
[10] 牛聪,刘志斌,王彦春,等.应用地球物理技术定量评价辽西凹陷沙河街组烃源岩[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):131-137.NIU Cong,LIU Zhibin,WANG Yanchun,et al.Quantitative evaluation of Shahejie Formation source rocks in Liaoxi Sag with geophysical approaches[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):131-137.
[11] 陈志勇,吴培康,吴志轩.丽水凹陷石油地质特征及勘探前景[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(6):384-392.CHEN Zhiyong,WU Peikang,WU Zhixuan.Petroleum geology and exploration potential of Lishui sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology),2000,14(6):384-392.
[12] 贾成业,夏斌,王核,等.东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷构造演化及油气地质分析[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):397-401.JIA Chengye,XIA Bin,WANG He,et al.Characteristic of tectonic evolution and petroleum geology in Lishui Sag,East China Sea Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):397-401.
[13] 张银国,葛和平,杨艳秋,等.东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷古新统层序地层的划分及控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(3):33-39.ZHANG Yinguo,GE Heping,YANG Yanqiu,et al.Division and controlling factors of Paleocene sequence strata in Lishui Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(3):33-39.
[14] 袁彩萍,徐思煌,薛罗.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷主力烃源岩测井预测及评价[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(1):110-116.YUAN Caiping,XU Sihuang,XUE Luo.Prediction and evaluation with logging of main source rocks in Huizhou Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2014,36(1):110-116.
[15] 孟召平,郭彦省,刘尉.页岩气储层有机碳含量与测井参数的关系及预测模型[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):247-253.MENG Zhaoping,GUO Yansheng,LIU Wei.Relationship between organic carbon content of shale gas reservoir and logging parameters and its prediction model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):247 -253.
[16] 朱振宇,王贵文,朱广宇.人工神经网络法在烃源岩测井评价中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):137-140.ZHU Zhenyu,WANG Guiwen,ZHU Guanyu.The application of artificial neural network to the source rock' s evaluation[J].Progress in Geophhsics,2002,17(1):137-140.
[17] 赵兴齐,陈践发,郭望,等.BP神经网络在西湖凹陷烃源岩评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2013,37(5):567-571.ZHAO Xingqi,CHEN Jianfa,GUO Wang,et al.The application of BP network to the source rocks evaluation in Xihu Sag[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(5):567-571.
[18] 王攀,彭苏萍,杜文凤,等.基于测井参数的煤系烃源岩总有机碳含量预测模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1266-1276.WANG Pan,PENG Suping,DU Wenfeng,et al.Prediction model of total organic carbon content on hydrocarbon source rocks in coal measures based on geophysical well logging[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1266-1276.
[19] 中国海洋石油集团有限公司.Q/HS1017-2006 烃源岩地球化学定量评价规范[S].北京:中国海洋石油集团有限公司,2007.China National Offshore Oil Corporation.Q/HS 1017-2006 The norm of quantitative geochemistry evaluation for hydrocarbon source rock[S].Beijing:China National Offshore Oil Corporation,2007.