基于对数变换的扩展弹性阻抗技术在岩性识别中的应用
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摘要
叠后地震数据,是共反射点道集叠加的结果,虽然提高了信噪比,但是也损失了丰富的叠前地震道集信息,建立在叠后数据基础上的叠后波阻抗反演不可避免的掩盖了很多AVO类信息.实际地震数据的采集都是非零炮检距的炮集记录,这种叠前地震数据提供了多种波型地震信息,对流体和岩性更加敏感.因此,利用叠前道集或者部分道集信息的叠前地震反演能够大大提高预测的精度,扩展弹性阻抗技术不仅使用了丰富的叠前地震道集信息,同时还解决了常规弹性阻抗技术不稳定和实用性的问题,使叠前反演更具有实际应用价值.通过弹性阻抗公式和扩展弹性阻抗公式的对比分析,验证了扩展弹性阻抗反演更加稳定.在利用扩展弹性阻抗技术进行反演前先对扩展弹性阻抗公式进行对数变换,建立梯度阻抗和声波阻抗的坐标系统,通过计算最佳旋转角度下的弹性阻抗,进行岩性预测.同时指出了计算声阻抗和梯度阻抗的方法,并分析了岩性预测基本原理.应用扩展弹性阻抗技术在我国西部某气田河道砂体识别中取得较好的效果.
Post-stack seismic data is based on stack of common reflection point gathers. It can increase signal to noise ratio,but also lose abundant information of pre-stack seismic gathers. The post-stack acoustic inversion is based on the post-seismic data,which covers up the AVO information inevitably. Real seismic data acquisition is none-zero offset shot gathers. The pre-stack seismic data provide different type of seismic wave,which is sensitive to litho logy and fluid. So use the pre-stack gathers or part of pre-stack gathers can improve the prediction accuracy. Extended elastic impedance technique not only provide abundant pre-stack information,but also solved the instability and impracticability of conventional elastic technique,which makes the pre-stack seismic inversion more practical. Extended elastic impedance equation was verified more instability by comparative analysis with the elastic impedance equation. The logarithmic transform was used for extended elastic impedance equation before inversion,which can establish gradient impedance and acoustic impedance coordinated system. The elastic impedance of optimum rotated angle can predict lithology. The method of acoustic impedance and gradient impedance calculation were discussed. Basic principle of lithology prediction was also described. Good result was got for channel sand identification in western China gas field by extended impedance technique.
Post-stack seismic data is based on stack of common reflection point gathers. It can increase signal to noise ratio,but also lose abundant information of pre-stack seismic gathers. The post-stack acoustic inversion is based on the post-seismic data,which covers up the AVO information inevitably. Real seismic data acquisition is none-zero offset shot gathers. The pre-stack seismic data provide different type of seismic wave,which is sensitive to litho logy and fluid. So use the pre-stack gathers or part of pre-stack gathers can improve the prediction accuracy. Extended elastic impedance technique not only provide abundant pre-stack information,but also solved the instability and impracticability of conventional elastic technique,which makes the pre-stack seismic inversion more practical. Extended elastic impedance equation was verified more instability by comparative analysis with the elastic impedance equation. The logarithmic transform was used for extended elastic impedance equation before inversion,which can establish gradient impedance and acoustic impedance coordinated system. The elastic impedance of optimum rotated angle can predict lithology. The method of acoustic impedance and gradient impedance calculation were discussed. Basic principle of lithology prediction was also described. Good result was got for channel sand identification in western China gas field by extended impedance technique.
引文
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Cambois G.2000.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[C].//SEGTechnical Program.Expanded Abstracts,142-145.
Castagna J P,Swan H W.1997.Principles of AVO cross plotting[J].The Leading Edge,16(4):337-344.
Bi J F,Yang P J.2014.The application of colored inversion to reservoir prediction in sparse well zone[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,38(3):558-565.
Cao M Q,WANG J S,Sao L H.2006.Pre stack elastic wave impedance inversion technique and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,41(3):323-326.
Cheng G,Zhang J B.2013.Inversion for elastic parameters using prestack seismic data and analysis on inversion strategy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):720-726,doi:10.6038/pg20130220.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452.
Duffaut K,Alsos T,RognH.2000.Shear-wave elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,19(11):1222-1229.
Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.2005.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,44(5):504-508.
Liu L H,Chen S,Ni C K.2013.Application of prestack colored inversion technology in seismic lithology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,52(2):171-176.
Ma J F.2003.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),46(1):118-124,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2003.01.019.
Mallick S.2001.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,20(10):1094-1104.
Ni Y.2003.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38(2):147-150.
Peng Z M,Li Y L,Liang B,et al.2007.Application of prestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water recognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,27(4):43-45,52.
Savic M,Verwest B,Masters R,et al.2000.Elastic impedance inversion in practice:70th Annual International Meeting[C].//Society of Exploration Geophysics.Expanded Abstract,689-692.
Simm R,White R,Uden R.2000.The anatomy of AVO cross plots[J].The Leading Edge,19(2):150-155.
Shuey R T.1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,50(4):609-614.
Shi L,Liu J Z.Dong N,et al.Extended elastic impedance inversion technology and its application to the tight and thin sandstone reservoir[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,39(2):346-351.
Tang X R,He Z H,Huang D J.2008.Study of equivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoretical angle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,47(6):559-562.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
Whitecome D N.2002.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,67(1):60-62.
Whitecome D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al.2002.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,67(1):63-67.
Xie Q H,Deng H W,Zheng W B,et al.2013.Application of EEIinversion technique to submarine gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,24(1):162-168.
Yin W.2013.The analysis on the key techniques and influence factors of prestack seismic inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(6):2958-2968,doi:10.6038/pg20130617.
Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.2009.Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(2):574-580,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.027.
Yuan J S.2007.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(3):879-886,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
Yuan W J.2012.Application of pre-stack seismic inversion and seismic absorption technology for forecasting of complex gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(3):1107-1115,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.035.
毕俊凤,杨培杰.2014.有色反演技术在少井区岩性体预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,38(3):558-565.
曹孟起,王九栓,邵林海.2006.叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(3):323-326.
成谷,张宝金.2013.叠前地震数据弹性参数反演及反演策略浅析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):720-726,doi:10.6038/pg20130220.
甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉,等.2005.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,44(5):504-508.
刘力辉,陈珊,倪长宽.2013.叠前有色反演技术在地震岩性学研究中的应用[J].石油物探,52(2):171-176,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2013.02.009.
马劲风.2003.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,46(1):118-124,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2003.01.019.
倪逸.2003.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(2):147-150.
彭真明,李亚林,梁波,等.2007.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,27(4):43-45,52.
时磊,刘俊州,董宁等.2015.扩展弹性阻抗反演技术在致密砂岩薄储层含气性预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,39(2):346-351,doi:10.11720/wtyht.2015.2.22.
唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄德济.2008.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,47(6):559-562.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
谢清慧,邓宏文,郑文波,等.2013.扩展弹性阻抗反演在深海扇含气储层识别中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,24(1):162-168.
殷文.2013.叠前地震反演关键技术及影响因素分析与研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(6):2958-2968,doi:10.6038/pg20130617.
喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等.2009.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):574-580,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.027.
苑书金.2007.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,22(3):879-886,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
苑闻京.2012.叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1107-1115,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.035.
Cambois G.2000.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[C].//SEGTechnical Program.Expanded Abstracts,142-145.
Castagna J P,Swan H W.1997.Principles of AVO cross plotting[J].The Leading Edge,16(4):337-344.
Bi J F,Yang P J.2014.The application of colored inversion to reservoir prediction in sparse well zone[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,38(3):558-565.
Cao M Q,WANG J S,Sao L H.2006.Pre stack elastic wave impedance inversion technique and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,41(3):323-326.
Cheng G,Zhang J B.2013.Inversion for elastic parameters using prestack seismic data and analysis on inversion strategy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):720-726,doi:10.6038/pg20130220.
Connolly P.1999.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,18(4):438-452.
Duffaut K,Alsos T,RognH.2000.Shear-wave elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,19(11):1222-1229.
Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.2005.The potential analysis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,44(5):504-508.
Liu L H,Chen S,Ni C K.2013.Application of prestack colored inversion technology in seismic lithology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,52(2):171-176.
Ma J F.2003.Forward modeling and inversion method of generalized elastic impedance in seismic exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),46(1):118-124,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2003.01.019.
Mallick S.2001.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,20(10):1094-1104.
Ni Y.2003.A new method for calculation of elastic wave impedance[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,38(2):147-150.
Peng Z M,Li Y L,Liang B,et al.2007.Application of prestack elastic impedance inversion in gas and water recognition of the reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,27(4):43-45,52.
Savic M,Verwest B,Masters R,et al.2000.Elastic impedance inversion in practice:70th Annual International Meeting[C].//Society of Exploration Geophysics.Expanded Abstract,689-692.
Simm R,White R,Uden R.2000.The anatomy of AVO cross plots[J].The Leading Edge,19(2):150-155.
Shuey R T.1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,50(4):609-614.
Shi L,Liu J Z.Dong N,et al.Extended elastic impedance inversion technology and its application to the tight and thin sandstone reservoir[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,39(2):346-351.
Tang X R,He Z H,Huang D J.2008.Study of equivalent relation of extended elastic impedance theoretical angle and actual incident angle[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,47(6):559-562.
Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.2005.Elastic impedance inversion and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
Whitecome D N.2002.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,67(1):60-62.
Whitecome D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al.2002.Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,67(1):63-67.
Xie Q H,Deng H W,Zheng W B,et al.2013.Application of EEIinversion technique to submarine gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geosciences,24(1):162-168.
Yin W.2013.The analysis on the key techniques and influence factors of prestack seismic inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(6):2958-2968,doi:10.6038/pg20130617.
Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.2009.Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(2):574-580,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.027.
Yuan J S.2007.Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(3):879-886,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
Yuan W J.2012.Application of pre-stack seismic inversion and seismic absorption technology for forecasting of complex gas reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(3):1107-1115,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.035.
毕俊凤,杨培杰.2014.有色反演技术在少井区岩性体预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,38(3):558-565.
曹孟起,王九栓,邵林海.2006.叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(3):323-326.
成谷,张宝金.2013.叠前地震数据弹性参数反演及反演策略浅析[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):720-726,doi:10.6038/pg20130220.
甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉,等.2005.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J].石油物探,44(5):504-508.
刘力辉,陈珊,倪长宽.2013.叠前有色反演技术在地震岩性学研究中的应用[J].石油物探,52(2):171-176,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2013.02.009.
马劲风.2003.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,46(1):118-124,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2003.01.019.
倪逸.2003.弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,38(2):147-150.
彭真明,李亚林,梁波,等.2007.叠前弹性阻抗在储层气水识别中的应用[J].天然气工业,27(4):43-45,52.
时磊,刘俊州,董宁等.2015.扩展弹性阻抗反演技术在致密砂岩薄储层含气性预测中的应用[J].物探与化探,39(2):346-351,doi:10.11720/wtyht.2015.2.22.
唐湘蓉,贺振华,黄德济.2008.扩展弹性阻抗理论入射角与实际入射角的等效关系研究[J].石油物探,47(6):559-562.
王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.2005.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,20(1):89-92,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.017.
谢清慧,邓宏文,郑文波,等.2013.扩展弹性阻抗反演在深海扇含气储层识别中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,24(1):162-168.
殷文.2013.叠前地震反演关键技术及影响因素分析与研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(6):2958-2968,doi:10.6038/pg20130617.
喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,等.2009.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):574-580,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.027.
苑书金.2007.叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,22(3):879-886,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
苑闻京.2012.叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(3):1107-1115,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.03.035.