基于扩展有限元的单径向井压裂裂缝扩展规律
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摘要
径向井压裂技术已应用于多个油田并取得良好效果,而径向井对裂缝扩展的影响规律仍待研究。基于地层流-固耦合方程,建立扩展有限元(extended finite element method,XFEM)模型,利用最大主应力准则、最大能量释放率准则判断裂缝的起裂与扩展,量化分析了不同参数对裂缝形态的影响规律,并对影响因素进行了灰色关联分析,最后通过大型真三维物模实验在一定程度上验证了数模结果的正确性。结果表明,压裂液通过径向井壁向地层渗滤形成了沿径向井分布的诱导应力场,在一定范围内,径向井产生的诱导应力可实现主裂缝沿径向井方向定向扩展,有效引导距离可达40 m;水平地应力差、储层厚度的增大均会大幅降低径向井引导裂缝定向扩展的能力;径向井方位角的增大会显著增大起裂压力。研究成果对现场应用具有重要的指导意义。
The technology of radial well fracturing has been applied in various oil fields and achieved effective output. However,the influence law of radial well on fracture propagation is still lack of study. Based on fluid-solid coupling equation,the extended finite element method( XFEM) model was established. Initial fracturing position and propagation morphology were identified according to maximum tension-stress criterion and maximum energy release rate fracture criterion. The factors that different parameters of radial well on fracture propagation morphology were quantitative analyzed. Also the influence factors were ranked by grey correlation method. In the end,results obtained from 3 D physical experiment in the laboratory were used to verify the accuracy of simulation to a certain degree. The conclusions stated that the infiltration of fracture fluid from radial well to the formation during the fracturing led to the establishment of induced stress field along the radial well. The propagation of major fracture is orientated by the induced stress in a certain area. The distance of orientated fracture is able to 40 m. The increase of horizontal stress difference and reservoir thickness is unfavorable to the effect of orientated propagation of fracture.The increase of azimuth leads to the increase of failure pressure. The results are significant to the practice and production.
The technology of radial well fracturing has been applied in various oil fields and achieved effective output. However,the influence law of radial well on fracture propagation is still lack of study. Based on fluid-solid coupling equation,the extended finite element method( XFEM) model was established. Initial fracturing position and propagation morphology were identified according to maximum tension-stress criterion and maximum energy release rate fracture criterion. The factors that different parameters of radial well on fracture propagation morphology were quantitative analyzed. Also the influence factors were ranked by grey correlation method. In the end,results obtained from 3 D physical experiment in the laboratory were used to verify the accuracy of simulation to a certain degree. The conclusions stated that the infiltration of fracture fluid from radial well to the formation during the fracturing led to the establishment of induced stress field along the radial well. The propagation of major fracture is orientated by the induced stress in a certain area. The distance of orientated fracture is able to 40 m. The increase of horizontal stress difference and reservoir thickness is unfavorable to the effect of orientated propagation of fracture.The increase of azimuth leads to the increase of failure pressure. The results are significant to the practice and production.
引文
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9王冰.低渗透油藏径向井压裂工艺参数优化[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014Wang Bing.The radial well fracturing parameters optimization in low permeability reservoir[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2014
10李小龙,王冰,郭天魁,等.基于灰色关联的径向井摩阻实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):77-82Li Xiaolong,Wang Bing,Guo Tiankui,et al.Experiment on the friction test of the radial well based on gray correlation analysis[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(6):77-82
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12 Guo T K,Qu Z Q,Gong F C,et al.Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation guided by single radial boreholes[J].Energies,2017,10(10):1680
13 Gong D G,Qu Z Q,Guo T K,et al.Variation rules of fracture initiation pressure and fracture starting point of hydraulic fracture in radial well[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,140(4):41-56
14李建雄,刘茂林,郭天魁,等.径向井引导水力裂缝扩展机理[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):803-806Li Jianxiong,Liu Maolin,Guo Tiankui,et al.Hydraulic crack propagation mechanism of radial well guidance[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):803-806
15 Guo T K,Liu B Y,Qu Z Q,et al.Study on initiation mechanisms of hydraulic fracture guided by vertical multi-radial boreholes[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(7):1767-1785
16李小龙,李建雄,周丽萍,等.径向井压裂定向起裂机理研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(2):46-52Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,Zhou Liping,et al.Research on directional initiation of crack in radial perforation fracturing[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(2):46-52
17 Tian Y,Qu Z Q,Guo T K,et al.Theoretical research on radial wells orientating hydraulically created fracture directional extended[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(7):18358-18363
18曲占庆,李小龙,李建雄,等.基于扩展有限元法的多径向井压裂裂缝形态[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):73-81Qu Zhanqing,Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,et al.Crack morphology of multiple radial well fracturing based on extended finite element method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(1):73-81
19 Fu X,Li G S,Huang Z W,et al.Experimental and numerical study of radial lateral fracturing for coalbed methane[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(9):875-886
20李录贤,王铁军.扩展有限元法(XFEM)及其应用[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):5-20Li Luxian,Wang Tiejun.The extended finite element method and its applications:A review[J].Advances in Mechanics,35(1):5-20
21胡乐生.基于细观模型的混凝土开裂过程数值研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011Hu Lesheng.Numerical study of the cracking process of concrete based on mesoscopic model[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2011
22常晓林,胡超,马刚,等.模拟岩体失效全过程的连续-非连续变形体离散元方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2004-2011Chang Xiaolin,Hu Chao,Ma Gang,et al.Continuous-discontinuous deformable discrete element method to simulate the whole failure process of rock masses and application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2004-2011
23连志龙.水力压裂扩展的流固耦合数值模拟研究[D].合肥:中国科技大学,2007Lian Zhilong.A simulation study of hydraulic fracturing propagation with a solid-fluid coupling model[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2007
24李小龙,许华儒,刘晓强,等.径向井压裂裂缝形态及热采产能研究[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(6):154-160Li Xiaolong,Xu Huaru,Liu Xiaoqiang,et al.Fracture morphology and production performance of radial well fracturing[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(6):154-160
25李小龙,肖雯,李建雄,等.径向孔眼辅助压裂裂缝形态[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):78-84Li Xiaolong,Xiao Wen,Li Jianxiong,et al.Fractured morphology assisted by the radial borehole[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):78-84
26李小龙,李建雄,肖雯,等.径向孔眼对井壁稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):829-834Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,Xiao Wen,et al.Simulation of influence of radial well on well stability[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):829-834
2崔传智,陈鸿林,高立群.大厚层致密砂砾岩油藏直井多段压裂开发[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(34):55-62Cui Chuanzhi,Chen Honglin,Gao Liqun.Development of multiplefracturing vertical wells in the thick layer of dense glutenite reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(34):55-62
3曹孟京,吴晓东,安永生,等.低渗透油藏高含水期压裂水平井流入动态[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(26):91-95Cao Mengjing,Wu Xiaodong,An Yongsheng,et al.Inflow performance of fractured horizontal well in low permeability reservoirs at high water cut stage[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(26):91-95
4李小龙,李建雄,王涛,等.基于数值模拟的径向井压裂裂缝形态[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(3):90-95Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,Wang Tao,et al.Crack morphology of the radial well fracturing based on the numerical simulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(3):90-95
5田雨,曲占庆,郭天魁,等.径向井引导水力压裂裂缝定向扩展技术[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(20):154-159Tian Yu,Qu Zhanqing,Guo Tiankui,et al.Theoretical research on radial wells orientating hydraulically created fracture directional extended[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(20):154-159
6张宏源,黄中伟,李根生,等.煤岩径向井-脉动水力压裂裂缝扩展规律与声发射响应特征[J].石油学报,2018,39(4):472-481Zhang Hongyuan,Huang Zhongwei,Li Gensheng,et al.Fracture propagation laws and acoustic emission response characteristic of coal radial well-pulse by hydraulic fracturing[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(4):472-481
7田守嶒,黄中伟,李根生,等.径向井复合脉动水力压裂煤层气储层解堵和增产室内实验[J].天然气工业,2018,38(9):88-94Tian Shouzeng,Huang Zhongwei,Li Gensheng,et al.Laboratory experiments on blockage removing and stimulation of CBM reservoirs by composite pulsating fracturing of radial horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(9):88-94
8曲占庆,杨阳,路辉,等.径向井远端压裂产能计算模型及应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(7):2289-2294Qu Zhanqing,Yang Yang,Lu Hui,et al.Productivity calculation of radial well distal fracturing and its application[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(7):2289-2294
9王冰.低渗透油藏径向井压裂工艺参数优化[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2014Wang Bing.The radial well fracturing parameters optimization in low permeability reservoir[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2014
10李小龙,王冰,郭天魁,等.基于灰色关联的径向井摩阻实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(6):77-82Li Xiaolong,Wang Bing,Guo Tiankui,et al.Experiment on the friction test of the radial well based on gray correlation analysis[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(6):77-82
11 Guo T K,Qu Z Q,Gong D G,et al.Numerical simulation of directional propagation of hydraulic fracture guided by vertical multi-radial boreholes[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,35(8):175-188
12 Guo T K,Qu Z Q,Gong F C,et al.Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation guided by single radial boreholes[J].Energies,2017,10(10):1680
13 Gong D G,Qu Z Q,Guo T K,et al.Variation rules of fracture initiation pressure and fracture starting point of hydraulic fracture in radial well[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,140(4):41-56
14李建雄,刘茂林,郭天魁,等.径向井引导水力裂缝扩展机理[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):803-806Li Jianxiong,Liu Maolin,Guo Tiankui,et al.Hydraulic crack propagation mechanism of radial well guidance[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):803-806
15 Guo T K,Liu B Y,Qu Z Q,et al.Study on initiation mechanisms of hydraulic fracture guided by vertical multi-radial boreholes[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(7):1767-1785
16李小龙,李建雄,周丽萍,等.径向井压裂定向起裂机理研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(2):46-52Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,Zhou Liping,et al.Research on directional initiation of crack in radial perforation fracturing[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(2):46-52
17 Tian Y,Qu Z Q,Guo T K,et al.Theoretical research on radial wells orientating hydraulically created fracture directional extended[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(7):18358-18363
18曲占庆,李小龙,李建雄,等.基于扩展有限元法的多径向井压裂裂缝形态[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):73-81Qu Zhanqing,Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,et al.Crack morphology of multiple radial well fracturing based on extended finite element method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(1):73-81
19 Fu X,Li G S,Huang Z W,et al.Experimental and numerical study of radial lateral fracturing for coalbed methane[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2015,12(9):875-886
20李录贤,王铁军.扩展有限元法(XFEM)及其应用[J].力学进展,2005,35(1):5-20Li Luxian,Wang Tiejun.The extended finite element method and its applications:A review[J].Advances in Mechanics,35(1):5-20
21胡乐生.基于细观模型的混凝土开裂过程数值研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011Hu Lesheng.Numerical study of the cracking process of concrete based on mesoscopic model[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2011
22常晓林,胡超,马刚,等.模拟岩体失效全过程的连续-非连续变形体离散元方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2004-2011Chang Xiaolin,Hu Chao,Ma Gang,et al.Continuous-discontinuous deformable discrete element method to simulate the whole failure process of rock masses and application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2004-2011
23连志龙.水力压裂扩展的流固耦合数值模拟研究[D].合肥:中国科技大学,2007Lian Zhilong.A simulation study of hydraulic fracturing propagation with a solid-fluid coupling model[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2007
24李小龙,许华儒,刘晓强,等.径向井压裂裂缝形态及热采产能研究[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(6):154-160Li Xiaolong,Xu Huaru,Liu Xiaoqiang,et al.Fracture morphology and production performance of radial well fracturing[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(6):154-160
25李小龙,肖雯,李建雄,等.径向孔眼辅助压裂裂缝形态[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):78-84Li Xiaolong,Xiao Wen,Li Jianxiong,et al.Fractured morphology assisted by the radial borehole[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):78-84
26李小龙,李建雄,肖雯,等.径向孔眼对井壁稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):829-834Li Xiaolong,Li Jianxiong,Xiao Wen,et al.Simulation of influence of radial well on well stability[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):829-834