氮素浓度对“新温185号”核桃细根密度和分布的影响
|
摘要
以新疆核桃主栽品种"新温185号"为试材,通过设置不同施氮处理,采用根钻取样法和图像扫描分析法,对不同氮素供应水平下核桃细根(直径≤2mm)的空间分布和细根根长比例进行了研究。结果表明:在垂直方向上,细根根长密度随着土层深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,0～70cm深度土层是"新温185号"核桃细根集中分布区域;在水平方向上,距离树干150cm以内是核桃细根集中分布区域,细根根长密度随着与树干距离的增加而减小;各施氮处理核桃细根根长密度显著高于对照,随着施氮量的增加,核桃细根根长密度和总根长中细根长度比例呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,表现为中氮处理(单株施氮量1.2kg)>高氮处理(单株施氮量1.8kg)>低氮处理(单株施氮量0.6kg)>对照(单株施氮量0kg)。"新温185号"核桃的栽培应加强距离树干150cm以内0～70cm深度土层的水肥管理,适量施氮能够促进细根形成,氮素亏缺和过量均不利于细根生长。
Juglans regia ‘Xinwen 185'as one of the main varieties of walnut producing area in the Southern Xinjiang Basin was taken as the test material,and its spatial distribution and length ratio of fine roots(diameter less than 2mm)under different nitrogen supply levels were studied by setting different nitrogen treatments and using the root drilling sampling method and the image scanning analysis method.The results showed that in the vertical direction,the root length density of fine roots presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of soil depth,and 0-70 cm deep soil layer was the fine root concentrated distribution area.In the horizontal direction,range within150 cm from the trunk of a tree was the concentrated distribution area of the fine roots,and the length density of fine roots decreased with the increase of the distance from a tree trunk;the fine roots length density of walnut treated with nitrogen was significantly higher than that of the control,and fine root length density and the proportion of fine root length to the total root length increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,the expression was medium nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 1.2kg)>high nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 1.8kg)>low nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 0.6kg)and control(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 0kg).In the cultivation of Juglans regia ‘Xinwen185',water and fertilizer management should be strengthen in the 0-70 cm depth soil layer within150 cm of the tree trunk,and proper nitrogen application could promote the formation of fine roots,but deficit and excess of nitrogen were not conducive to the growth of fine roots.
Juglans regia ‘Xinwen 185'as one of the main varieties of walnut producing area in the Southern Xinjiang Basin was taken as the test material,and its spatial distribution and length ratio of fine roots(diameter less than 2mm)under different nitrogen supply levels were studied by setting different nitrogen treatments and using the root drilling sampling method and the image scanning analysis method.The results showed that in the vertical direction,the root length density of fine roots presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of soil depth,and 0-70 cm deep soil layer was the fine root concentrated distribution area.In the horizontal direction,range within150 cm from the trunk of a tree was the concentrated distribution area of the fine roots,and the length density of fine roots decreased with the increase of the distance from a tree trunk;the fine roots length density of walnut treated with nitrogen was significantly higher than that of the control,and fine root length density and the proportion of fine root length to the total root length increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,the expression was medium nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 1.2kg)>high nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 1.8kg)>low nitrogen treatment(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 0.6kg)and control(the amount of nitrogen applied per plant was 0kg).In the cultivation of Juglans regia ‘Xinwen185',water and fertilizer management should be strengthen in the 0-70 cm depth soil layer within150 cm of the tree trunk,and proper nitrogen application could promote the formation of fine roots,but deficit and excess of nitrogen were not conducive to the growth of fine roots.
引文
[1]杨小林,张希明,单立山,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔克拉玛干柽柳根系构筑型研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(5):213-218.
[2] BURGESS S S O,ADAMS M A,TURNER N C,et al.The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems[J].Oecologia,1998,115(3):306-311.
[3] MARSCHNER H,KIRKBY E,CAKMAK I.Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(Special):1255-1263.
[4]吴敏,张文辉,周建云,等.干旱胁迫对栓皮栎幼苗细根的生长与生理生化指标的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4223-4233.
[5]魏鹏,范川,凌银花,等.台湾桤木林草复合模式细根生物量及形态特征[J].林业科学,2014,50(7):157-163.
[6]苗宇.林草模式与施肥对台湾恺木细根形态特征、生物量及碳氮分布的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2013.
[7]于立忠.施肥对日本落叶松细根形态特征及养分含量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[8]史蒂文森.农业土壤中的氮[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[9]周顺利,张福锁,王兴仁.土壤硝态氮时空变异与土壤氮素表观盈亏研究Ⅰ.冬小麦[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1782-1789.
[10]常志帅.盛果期新温185号核桃根施氮磷钾肥的几种生物学效应研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.
[11]王晓彬.基于肥料效应的‘温185’核桃氮磷钾施肥量参数[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[12]杜研,杨文忠,孙林琦,等.不同施肥处理对核桃叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015(4):97-102.
[13]朱小虎,陈虹,张立宇,等.核棉间作下核桃根系生长及与地上部生长相关性研究[J].北方园艺,2009(8):104-106.
[14]SMIT A L,GEORGE E,GROENWOLD J.Root observations and measurements at(Transparent)interfaces with soil[M]//In:SMIT A L,BENGOUGH A G,ENGELS C,et al.Root Methods.Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2000:235-271.
[15]孙文泰,马明,董铁,等.陇东旱塬苹果根系分布规律及生理特性对地表覆盖的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3153-3163.
[16]MYERS D B.Soybean root distribution in claypan soils[D].Columbia:University of Missouri Columbia,2005.
[17]马长明,翟明普,刘春鹏.单作与间作条件下核桃根系分布特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):181-186.
[18]孙广玉,张荣华,黄忠文.大豆根系在土层中分布特点的研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(1):45-47.
[19]刘国峰.不同土壤表层管理措施对陇东旱塬苹果园土壤的生态效应的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[20]PANDE K,DIMRI D,SINGH S.Effect of mulching on soil and leaf nutrients status of apple[J].Progressive Horticulture,2006,38:91.
[21]曾艳.氮肥、土壤质地对茶树根系生长特性影响的研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2014.
[22]杨小丽.施氮与环境互作对玉米水分生产效率及根系生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[23]鱼欢,邢诒彰,祖超,等.施氮量对幼龄胡椒根系生长及抽穗的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(1):19-23.
[2] BURGESS S S O,ADAMS M A,TURNER N C,et al.The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems[J].Oecologia,1998,115(3):306-311.
[3] MARSCHNER H,KIRKBY E,CAKMAK I.Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(Special):1255-1263.
[4]吴敏,张文辉,周建云,等.干旱胁迫对栓皮栎幼苗细根的生长与生理生化指标的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4223-4233.
[5]魏鹏,范川,凌银花,等.台湾桤木林草复合模式细根生物量及形态特征[J].林业科学,2014,50(7):157-163.
[6]苗宇.林草模式与施肥对台湾恺木细根形态特征、生物量及碳氮分布的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2013.
[7]于立忠.施肥对日本落叶松细根形态特征及养分含量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[8]史蒂文森.农业土壤中的氮[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[9]周顺利,张福锁,王兴仁.土壤硝态氮时空变异与土壤氮素表观盈亏研究Ⅰ.冬小麦[J].生态学报,2001,21(11):1782-1789.
[10]常志帅.盛果期新温185号核桃根施氮磷钾肥的几种生物学效应研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.
[11]王晓彬.基于肥料效应的‘温185’核桃氮磷钾施肥量参数[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[12]杜研,杨文忠,孙林琦,等.不同施肥处理对核桃叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015(4):97-102.
[13]朱小虎,陈虹,张立宇,等.核棉间作下核桃根系生长及与地上部生长相关性研究[J].北方园艺,2009(8):104-106.
[14]SMIT A L,GEORGE E,GROENWOLD J.Root observations and measurements at(Transparent)interfaces with soil[M]//In:SMIT A L,BENGOUGH A G,ENGELS C,et al.Root Methods.Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2000:235-271.
[15]孙文泰,马明,董铁,等.陇东旱塬苹果根系分布规律及生理特性对地表覆盖的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3153-3163.
[16]MYERS D B.Soybean root distribution in claypan soils[D].Columbia:University of Missouri Columbia,2005.
[17]马长明,翟明普,刘春鹏.单作与间作条件下核桃根系分布特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):181-186.
[18]孙广玉,张荣华,黄忠文.大豆根系在土层中分布特点的研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2002,24(1):45-47.
[19]刘国峰.不同土壤表层管理措施对陇东旱塬苹果园土壤的生态效应的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[20]PANDE K,DIMRI D,SINGH S.Effect of mulching on soil and leaf nutrients status of apple[J].Progressive Horticulture,2006,38:91.
[21]曾艳.氮肥、土壤质地对茶树根系生长特性影响的研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2014.
[22]杨小丽.施氮与环境互作对玉米水分生产效率及根系生长的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[23]鱼欢,邢诒彰,祖超,等.施氮量对幼龄胡椒根系生长及抽穗的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(1):19-23.