牡蛎有效成分与重金属及有害元素的质量评价研究
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摘要
目的:以碳酸钙(CaCO_3)和铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)含量综合评价牡蛎的质量。方法:从辽宁收集11份长牡蛎、8份近江牡蛎、6份大连湾牡蛎药材样品,测定牡蛎CaCO_3含量,建立测定5种重金属及有害元素含量的ICP-MS法,综合分析研究牡蛎的质量。结果:以CaCO_3的含量为指标,长牡蛎>近江牡蛎>大连湾牡蛎。3种牡蛎之间CaCO_3含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。长牡蛎与大连湾牡蛎Cd含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),其余元素含量在3种牡蛎之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。主成分分析的综合得分结果为大连湾牡蛎>长牡蛎>近江牡蛎。Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu 5种元素在主成分分析的综合得分的权重系数分别为0.280、0.311、0.331、0.384、0.224,其权重占比分别为18.30%、20.33%、21.63%、25.10%、14.64%。CaCO_3含量与5种元素主成分分析的综合得分的双变量相关性分析中,Pearson、Kendall的Tau-b(K)、Spearman无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:3种基原牡蛎CaCO_3含量差异不明显。根据主成分分析的综合得分,大连湾牡蛎安全性最低,其次是长牡蛎,最后是近江牡蛎。Hg在主成分分析综合得分的权重最大,相关性最强。牡蛎中CaCO_3含量与5种重金属及有害元素主成分分析的综合得分之间无相关性。
Objective:To comprehensively assess the quality of Ostreae Concha based on the content of CaCO_3 and Pb,Cd,Hg,Cu and As.Methods:Eleven Ostrea gigas samples,eight Ostrea talienwhanensis samples and six Ostrea rivularis(OR)samples were collected from Liaoning.The content of CaCO_3 was determined,and ICP-MS method was developed which determined the contents of five heavy metals and harmful element.There were comprehensively compared and analyzed based on its quality.Results:With the content of CaCO_3 as the index,Ostrea gigas>Ostrea talienwhanensis>Ostrea rivularis.There was no significant difference in the content of CaCO_3 among three kinds of Ostreae Concha(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the content of Cd between Ostrea gigas and Ostrea talienwhanensis(P<0.05),which were no significant difference in the contents of other heavy metals and harmful element among three kinds of Ostreae Concha(P>0.05).The result of comprehensive score of PCA was Ostrea rivularis>Ostrea gigas>Ostrea talienwhanensis.There was a overlap among the oysters of three origins,which was indistinguishable.The weight coefficients of five heavy metals and harmful element were 0.280,0.311,0.331,0.384 and 0.224 in the comprehensive score of PCA,respectively.Their weights proportion were 18.30%,20.33%,21.63%,25.10% and 14.64%,respectively.In the bivariate correlation analysis,there were no correlation in Pearson,Tau-b(K)of Kendall and Spearman analysis between the content of CaCO_3 and the comprehensive score of five heavy metals and harmful element(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the content of CaCO_3 among three kinds of Ostreae Concha.With the comprehensive score of PCA,Ostrea rivularis has the lowest safety,followed by Ostrea gigas,Ostrea talienwhanensis.The weight proportion of Hg is the largest in the comprehensive score of PCA,and Hg has the strongest correlation with security.It indicates that there is no correlation between the content of CaCO_3 and the PCA comprehensive score of the five heavy metals and harmful element in Ostreae Concha.
Objective:To comprehensively assess the quality of Ostreae Concha based on the content of CaCO_3 and Pb,Cd,Hg,Cu and As.Methods:Eleven Ostrea gigas samples,eight Ostrea talienwhanensis samples and six Ostrea rivularis(OR)samples were collected from Liaoning.The content of CaCO_3 was determined,and ICP-MS method was developed which determined the contents of five heavy metals and harmful element.There were comprehensively compared and analyzed based on its quality.Results:With the content of CaCO_3 as the index,Ostrea gigas>Ostrea talienwhanensis>Ostrea rivularis.There was no significant difference in the content of CaCO_3 among three kinds of Ostreae Concha(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the content of Cd between Ostrea gigas and Ostrea talienwhanensis(P<0.05),which were no significant difference in the contents of other heavy metals and harmful element among three kinds of Ostreae Concha(P>0.05).The result of comprehensive score of PCA was Ostrea rivularis>Ostrea gigas>Ostrea talienwhanensis.There was a overlap among the oysters of three origins,which was indistinguishable.The weight coefficients of five heavy metals and harmful element were 0.280,0.311,0.331,0.384 and 0.224 in the comprehensive score of PCA,respectively.Their weights proportion were 18.30%,20.33%,21.63%,25.10% and 14.64%,respectively.In the bivariate correlation analysis,there were no correlation in Pearson,Tau-b(K)of Kendall and Spearman analysis between the content of CaCO_3 and the comprehensive score of five heavy metals and harmful element(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the content of CaCO_3 among three kinds of Ostreae Concha.With the comprehensive score of PCA,Ostrea rivularis has the lowest safety,followed by Ostrea gigas,Ostrea talienwhanensis.The weight proportion of Hg is the largest in the comprehensive score of PCA,and Hg has the strongest correlation with security.It indicates that there is no correlation between the content of CaCO_3 and the PCA comprehensive score of the five heavy metals and harmful element in Ostreae Concha.
引文
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[10] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].四部.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:328.
[11] 陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属 Cu 污染监测生物的研究[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(2):17-23.
[12] 陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属镉污染指示生物的研究[J].中国水产科学,1998,5(2):79-83.
[13] 胡利芳,庄宇君,张际标,等.湛江湾海域天然养殖区牡蛎重金属含量及评价[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(4):529-532.
[14] 程家丽,张贤辉,卓勤,等.我国海洋食用贝类重金属污染特征及其健康风险[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(2):175-181.
[15] 沈盎绿,马继臻,平仙隐,等.褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集动力学特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):783-788.
[16] 秦华伟,刘爱英,谷伟丽,等.6 种重金属对 3 种海水养殖生物的急性毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(6):287-296.
[17] 江天久,曾淼,牛涛.重金属Cd2+胁迫对近江牡蛎超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(6):63-67.
[2] 闫兴丽,张建军,曾凤英.三种牡蛎矿质元素的含量测定与分析[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2009,15(3):218.
[3] 钟洁雯,陈建伟,李祥,等.中药牡蛎对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2009,27(3):499-501.
[4] 杨雪,马爱翠,陈震,等.基于体外抗肿瘤活性的海洋中药牡蛎提取物HPLC化学轮廓谱研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(9):90-96.
[5] 杨文哲,宫会丽,秦玉华,等.近红外光谱法鉴别常见海洋贝壳类中药饮片的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(17):3291-3294.
[6] 邵江娟,钟洁雯,陈建伟,等.生、煅牡蛎鉴别研究[J].中药材,2012,35(10):1590-1594.
[7] 陈玉枝,林舒.闽产牡蛎壳与龙骨的含钙量比较研究[J].福建中医学院学报,1998,8(4):45.
[8] Jiang J,Feng L,Li J,et al.Multielemental composition of suet oil based on quantification by ultrawave/ICP-MS coupled with chemometric analysis[J].Molecular,2014,19(4):4452-4465.
[9] 李金英,郭冬发,姚继军,等.电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)新进展[J].质谱学报,2002,23(3):164-179.
[10] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].四部.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:328.
[11] 陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属 Cu 污染监测生物的研究[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(2):17-23.
[12] 陆超华,谢文造,周国君.近江牡蛎作为海洋重金属镉污染指示生物的研究[J].中国水产科学,1998,5(2):79-83.
[13] 胡利芳,庄宇君,张际标,等.湛江湾海域天然养殖区牡蛎重金属含量及评价[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(4):529-532.
[14] 程家丽,张贤辉,卓勤,等.我国海洋食用贝类重金属污染特征及其健康风险[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2016,28(2):175-181.
[15] 沈盎绿,马继臻,平仙隐,等.褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集动力学特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):783-788.
[16] 秦华伟,刘爱英,谷伟丽,等.6 种重金属对 3 种海水养殖生物的急性毒性效应[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(6):287-296.
[17] 江天久,曾淼,牛涛.重金属Cd2+胁迫对近江牡蛎超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(6):63-67.