基于双向电磁斥力机构的高压快速开关缓冲特性研究
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摘要
高压直流断路器对机械开关提出了进一步向快速性和高电压方向发展的需求,而缓冲问题是研制高压快速开关的瓶颈问题之一。该文针对基于双向电磁斥力机构的高压快速开关缓冲特性展开研究。首先,通过实验获得了无缓冲、聚氨酯缓冲、液压缓冲和电磁缓冲四种实验条件下快速开关的行程特性,证明了电磁缓冲是最适于快速开关的缓冲方式。然后,通过改进等效电路法,对采用电磁驱动和电磁缓冲技术的快速开关建立了综合仿真模型,通过对40.5kV快速真空开关样机进行实验,验证了仿真模型的有效性。最后,基于仿真模型,从理论上揭示了缓冲电流方向和缓冲施加时刻对电磁缓冲效果的影响规律,并给出了其设计原则。该文的研究成果解决了快速开关中的缓冲难题,为研制高压快速开关奠定了基础。
The development of high voltage direct current circuit breaker demands for high voltage fast mechanical switch(HV-FMS). However, the buffering difficulty is one of the bottle necks to manufacture HV-FMS. This paper is focused on researches on buffering characteristics of HV-FMS based on bi-directional electromagnetic repulsion mechanism(ERM). First, with different buffer measures, the travel characteristics of HV-FMS were obtained by experiments, and the experimental results proved that electromagnetic buffer is the most suitable measure for HV-FMS. Then, with the metal disk in ERM equivalent to a single-turn coil, a mathematical model for HV-FMS based on electromagnetic drive and buffer has been established, and the model was verified by experiments on 40.5 kV fast mechanical vacuum switch prototype. In the end, based on the mathematical model, the influence of the direction of buffer current and the initiating time of buffer on operating characteristics of HV-FMS were revealed and theoretical reasons have also been analyzed. This paper has solved the buffering difficulty in HVFMS, and as a result, a foundation for the development of HV-FMS has been established.
The development of high voltage direct current circuit breaker demands for high voltage fast mechanical switch(HV-FMS). However, the buffering difficulty is one of the bottle necks to manufacture HV-FMS. This paper is focused on researches on buffering characteristics of HV-FMS based on bi-directional electromagnetic repulsion mechanism(ERM). First, with different buffer measures, the travel characteristics of HV-FMS were obtained by experiments, and the experimental results proved that electromagnetic buffer is the most suitable measure for HV-FMS. Then, with the metal disk in ERM equivalent to a single-turn coil, a mathematical model for HV-FMS based on electromagnetic drive and buffer has been established, and the model was verified by experiments on 40.5 kV fast mechanical vacuum switch prototype. In the end, based on the mathematical model, the influence of the direction of buffer current and the initiating time of buffer on operating characteristics of HV-FMS were revealed and theoretical reasons have also been analyzed. This paper has solved the buffering difficulty in HVFMS, and as a result, a foundation for the development of HV-FMS has been established.
引文
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[16]方帅,袁召,魏晓光,等.聚氨酯缓冲材料的出力特性研究与聚氨酯缓冲器设计[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):91-96.Fang Shuai,Yuan Zhao,Wei Xiaoguang,et al.Force characteristic of polyurethane material and design of polyurethane buffer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):91-96.
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[19]Lee S M,Lee S H,Choi H S,et al.Reduced modeling of eddy current driven electromechanical system using conductor segmentation and circuit parameters extracted by FEA[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(5):1448-1451.
[20]Li W,Jeong Y W,Koh C S.An adaptive equivalent circuit modeling method for the eddy current-driven electromechanical system[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(6):1859-1862.
[21]温伟杰,李斌,李博通,等.电磁斥力机构的参数匹配与优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(17):4102-4112.Wen Weijie,Li Bin,Li Botong,et al.Parameters matching and optimal design of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(17):4102-4112.
[2]李亚男,蒋维勇,余世峰,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程系统设计[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2490-2496.Li Ya’nan,Jiang Weiyong,Yu Shifeng,et al.System design of Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDCtransmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2490-2496.
[3]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.Li Yingbiao,Bu Guangquan,Wang Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DC overvoltage caused by DC shortcircuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399.
[4]Franck C M.HVDC circuit breakers:a review identifying future research needs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(2):998-1007.
[5]李帅,赵成勇,许建中,等.一种新型限流式高压直流断路器拓扑[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(17):102-110.Li Shuai,Zhao Chengyong,Xu Jianzhong,et al.A new topology for current-limiting HVDC circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(17):102-110.
[6]董文亮,郭兴宇,梁德世,等.基于电磁斥力机构的直流真空断路器模块[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(5):1068-1075.Dong Wenliang,Guo Xingyu,Liang Deshi,et al.ADC vacuum circuit breaker based on electromagnetic repulsion actuator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(5):1068-1075.
[7]张国军,宋飞凡,李绍明,等.三阶段电流转移混合型无弧直流断路器[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):87-95.Zhao Guojun,Song Feifan,Li Shaoming,et al.Hybrid arc-less DC circuit breaker based on three stage current commutation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):87-95.
[8]史宗谦,贾申利,朱天胜,等.真空直流断路器高速操动机构的研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(3):18-22.Shi Zongqian,Jia Shenli,Zhu Tiansheng,et al.Investigations on high-speed actuator of vacuum DCcircuit breaker[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(3):18-22.
[9]王子健,何俊佳,尹小根,等.基于电磁斥力机构的10kV快速真空开关[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(11):68-75.Wang Zijian,He Junjia,Yin Xiaogen,et al.10kV highspeed vacuum switch with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(11):68-75.
[10]娄杰,李庆民,孙庆森,等.快速电磁推力机构的动态特性仿真与优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(16):23-29.Lou Jie,Li Qingmin,Sun Qingsen,et al.Dynamic characteristics simulation and optimal design of the fast electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(16):23-29.
[11]杨浩,吕玮,刘彬,等.电磁斥力快速开关研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(3):147-154.Yang Hao,LüWei,Liu Bin,et al.New high-speed switch with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(3):147-154.
[12]武瑾,庄劲武,王晨,等.电磁斥力机构数学模型的简化与求解[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):175-182.Wu Jin,Zhuang Jinwu,Wang Chen,et al.Simplification and solution of the mathematical model to electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):175-182.
[13]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等.高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究[J],高电压技术,2014,40(10):3171-3178.Huang Yulong,Zhang Zu’an,Wen Weijie,et al.Research on an ultrafast driver for HVDC circuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[14]Zhao Yuan,He Junjia,Pan Yuan,et al.Research on ultra-fast vacuum mechanical switch driven by repulsive force actuator[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,87(125103):1-8.
[15]曹鹏飞,姜楠,赵成宏.电磁斥力机构缓冲方法研究[J].船电技术,2014,34(7):35-37.Cao Pengfei,Jiang Nan,Zhao Chenghong.Research on damping method for electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Marine Electric&Electronic Engineering,2014,34(7):35-37.
[16]方帅,袁召,魏晓光,等.聚氨酯缓冲材料的出力特性研究与聚氨酯缓冲器设计[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):91-96.Fang Shuai,Yuan Zhao,Wei Xiaoguang,et al.Force characteristic of polyurethane material and design of polyurethane buffer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):91-96.
[17]Wen Weijie,Huang Yulong,Al-Dweikat M,et al.Research on operating mechanism for ultra-fast40.5kV vacuum switches[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(6):2553-2560.
[18]李庆民,刘卫东,钱家骊.电磁推力机构的一种分析方法[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(2):20-24.Li Qingmin,Liu Weidong,Qian Jiali,et al.An analytical method for electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2004,19(2):20-24.
[19]Lee S M,Lee S H,Choi H S,et al.Reduced modeling of eddy current driven electromechanical system using conductor segmentation and circuit parameters extracted by FEA[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2005,41(5):1448-1451.
[20]Li W,Jeong Y W,Koh C S.An adaptive equivalent circuit modeling method for the eddy current-driven electromechanical system[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2010,46(6):1859-1862.
[21]温伟杰,李斌,李博通,等.电磁斥力机构的参数匹配与优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(17):4102-4112.Wen Weijie,Li Bin,Li Botong,et al.Parameters matching and optimal design of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(17):4102-4112.