松辽盆地龙西地区扶余油层特低渗透储层孔隙结构
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摘要
龙西地区扶余油层储量规模大,但由于储层物性差导致了常规开发效果差。如何加大压裂规模、改善渗流通道,微观孔隙结构研究就显得尤为重要。利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、恒速压汞等测试资料,分析不同孔喉参数与储层物性的相关关系,研究储层的孔隙类型、喉道类型、孔喉分布及其对储层物性的贡献。结果表明:研究区储层物性差,孔隙类型为残余原生粒间孔和各类溶蚀次生孔,喉道以微、细喉道为主,储层渗流能力主要受狭小喉道的制约;储层孔隙半径分布差别不大,而喉道半径分布差异显著;随着渗透率的增大,微喉道、微细喉道的比例逐渐降低,喉道半径分布范围和渗透率贡献率曲线跨度越宽,峰值喉道半径越大,对渗透率起主要贡献的喉道半径越大;微观孔喉参数对储层物性的影响主要体现在渗透率上,平均喉道半径、最大喉道半径、分选系数及微细喉道所占比例与渗透率之间存在一定的相关性。研究成果为储层大规模压裂改造提供了理论依据。
Although there exist a large scale of the resources in Fuyu oil reservoir in Longxi area, because of the poor physical properties, the conventional developed effects are rather poor. For increasing the fracturing scale and improving the seeping channel, the study on the micropore structure is particularly important. With the help of the following tested data such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscope and constant-rate mercury injection,the correlation relationships between different pore-throat parameters and reservoir physical properties were analyzed, the contributions of the pore type, throat type and pore-throat distribution to the reservoir physical properties were clarified and studied. The results show that the reservoir physical properties are rather poor in the study area, the pore types are residual primary intergranular pore and various types of the dissolved secondary pore, the throat is dominated by micro and thin throat and the seepage capacity of the reservoir is mainly restricted by narrow and small throat; the pore radius distribution of the reservoir has little difference, but the throat radius distribution has significant difference. With the increase of the permeability, the proportions of the micro throat and micro-thin throat decreases gradually, the wider the distribution range of the throat radius and the curve span of the permeability contribution rate, the larger the radius of the peak throat and the larger the throat radius that contributes mainly to the permeability;the influences of the micro pore-throat parameters on the reservoir physical properties are mainly reflected in the permeability. There are a certain correlations between the average throat radius, maximal throat radius, sorting coefficient and proportion of the micro-thin throat and the permeability. The study results have provided the theoretical evidences for the large-scale fracturing stimulation of the reservoirs.
Although there exist a large scale of the resources in Fuyu oil reservoir in Longxi area, because of the poor physical properties, the conventional developed effects are rather poor. For increasing the fracturing scale and improving the seeping channel, the study on the micropore structure is particularly important. With the help of the following tested data such as thin section identification, scanning electron microscope and constant-rate mercury injection,the correlation relationships between different pore-throat parameters and reservoir physical properties were analyzed, the contributions of the pore type, throat type and pore-throat distribution to the reservoir physical properties were clarified and studied. The results show that the reservoir physical properties are rather poor in the study area, the pore types are residual primary intergranular pore and various types of the dissolved secondary pore, the throat is dominated by micro and thin throat and the seepage capacity of the reservoir is mainly restricted by narrow and small throat; the pore radius distribution of the reservoir has little difference, but the throat radius distribution has significant difference. With the increase of the permeability, the proportions of the micro throat and micro-thin throat decreases gradually, the wider the distribution range of the throat radius and the curve span of the permeability contribution rate, the larger the radius of the peak throat and the larger the throat radius that contributes mainly to the permeability;the influences of the micro pore-throat parameters on the reservoir physical properties are mainly reflected in the permeability. There are a certain correlations between the average throat radius, maximal throat radius, sorting coefficient and proportion of the micro-thin throat and the permeability. The study results have provided the theoretical evidences for the large-scale fracturing stimulation of the reservoirs.
引文
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[8]朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615-623.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,CUI Jingwei,et al.Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):615-623.
[9]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.利用多尺度CT 成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):329-333.BAI Bin,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Multi-scale method of nano(micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):329-333.
[10]郭迎春,庞雄奇,陈冬霞,等.致密砂岩气成藏研究进展及值得关注的几个问题[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):717-724.GUO Yingchun,PANG Xiongqi,CHEN Dongxia,et al.Progress of research on hydrocarbon accumulation of tight sand gas and several issues for concerns [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(6):717-724.
[11]万俭英,王始波,赵秋枫,等.大庆长垣及以西地区泉三、四段扶杨油层储层特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(5):14-17 .WAN Jianying,WANG Shibo,ZHA0 Qiufeng,et al.Reservoir characteristics of Fuyang oil layer jn Q3 and Q4 Member in Daqing Placanticline and area to its west[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfiled Development in Daqing,2007,26(5):14-17.
[12]连承波,钟建华,渠芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段油气成藏主控因素及模式[J].中国地质,2011,38(1):161-168.LIAN Chengbo,ZHONG Jianhua,Qü Fang,et al.Main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation mode of Quan4 Formation in Longxi area,Songliao Basin[J].Geology in China,2011,38(1):161-168.
[13]尤源,牛小兵,冯胜斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7致密油储层微观孔隙特征研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(6):18-23.YOU Yuan,NIU Xiaobing,FENG Shengbin,et al.Study of pore features in Chang7 tight oil reservoir,Yanchang layer,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum ( Edition of Natural Science) ,2014,38(6):18-23.
[14]高辉,敬晓峰,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-406.GAO Hui,JING Xiaofeng,ZHANG Lan.Difference of micro-pore throat characteristics in extra-low permeability sandstone of different pore throat matching relationship[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(4):401-406.
[15]操应长,葸克来,朱如凯,等.松辽盆地南部泉四段扶余油层致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):7-17.CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,ZHU Rukai,et al.Microscopic pore throat characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in Fuyu layer of the fourth member of Quantou Formation in Southern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum( Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(5):7-17.
[2]贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.JIA Chengzao,ZHENG Min,ZHANG Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.
[3]李建忠,郑民,张国生,等.中国常规与非常规天然气资源潜力及发展前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):89-98.LI Jianzhong,ZHENG Min,ZHANG Guosheng,et al.Potential and prospects of conventional and unconventional natural gas resource in China [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):89-98.
[4]葛志丹 .松辽盆地龙西地区扶余油层储层特征研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2012.GE Zhidan.Research characteristic of Fuyu oil layer in Longxi area of Songliao Basin[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum Uniyesity,2012.
[5]连承波,钟建华,杨玉芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩岩石学特征及其对储层物性的影响[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(1):61-66.LIAN Chengbo,ZHONG Jianhua,YANG Yufang,et al.Lithology and effects of the sandstones on the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the fourth member of the Quantou Formation in Western Longhupao region,Songliao Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2010,30(1) :61-66.
[6]连承波,钟建华,杨玉芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩成岩作用对储层物性的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):691-694.LIAN Chengbo,ZHONG Jianhua,YANG Yufang,et al.Influence of Quan 4 Format ion sandstone diagenesis on reservoir properties in Longxi region,Songliao Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(5):691-694.
[7]连承波,钟建华,杨玉芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩成岩序列及孔隙演化特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(2):155-160.LIAN Chengbo,ZHONG Jianhua,YANG Yufang,et al.Characteristics of Quan-4 Formation sandstone diagenetic sequence and porosity evolution in Longxi area of Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(2):155-160.
[8]朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615-623.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,CUI Jingwei,et al.Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):615-623.
[9]白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.利用多尺度CT 成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):329-333.BAI Bin,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Multi-scale method of nano(micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):329-333.
[10]郭迎春,庞雄奇,陈冬霞,等.致密砂岩气成藏研究进展及值得关注的几个问题[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):717-724.GUO Yingchun,PANG Xiongqi,CHEN Dongxia,et al.Progress of research on hydrocarbon accumulation of tight sand gas and several issues for concerns [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2013,34(6):717-724.
[11]万俭英,王始波,赵秋枫,等.大庆长垣及以西地区泉三、四段扶杨油层储层特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(5):14-17 .WAN Jianying,WANG Shibo,ZHA0 Qiufeng,et al.Reservoir characteristics of Fuyang oil layer jn Q3 and Q4 Member in Daqing Placanticline and area to its west[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfiled Development in Daqing,2007,26(5):14-17.
[12]连承波,钟建华,渠芳,等.松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段油气成藏主控因素及模式[J].中国地质,2011,38(1):161-168.LIAN Chengbo,ZHONG Jianhua,Qü Fang,et al.Main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation mode of Quan4 Formation in Longxi area,Songliao Basin[J].Geology in China,2011,38(1):161-168.
[13]尤源,牛小兵,冯胜斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7致密油储层微观孔隙特征研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(6):18-23.YOU Yuan,NIU Xiaobing,FENG Shengbin,et al.Study of pore features in Chang7 tight oil reservoir,Yanchang layer,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum ( Edition of Natural Science) ,2014,38(6):18-23.
[14]高辉,敬晓峰,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-406.GAO Hui,JING Xiaofeng,ZHANG Lan.Difference of micro-pore throat characteristics in extra-low permeability sandstone of different pore throat matching relationship[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(4):401-406.
[15]操应长,葸克来,朱如凯,等.松辽盆地南部泉四段扶余油层致密砂岩储层微观孔喉结构特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):7-17.CAO Yingchang,XI Kelai,ZHU Rukai,et al.Microscopic pore throat characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in Fuyu layer of the fourth member of Quantou Formation in Southern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum( Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(5):7-17.