技术人工物价值模糊的责任伦理之维
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摘要
技术人工物在其价值的现实呈现中存在价值模糊现象,主要表现为价值认知的由自、价值抉择的偏狭以及价值敏感的冷漠三个方面。传统责任伦理在应对价值模糊带来的挑战时,往往会由于自身的局限性而面临某些伦理责任危机,它们集中体现在技术价值共同体内部价值相关者的伦理责任失度,即设计者的价值知识责任失衡、决策者的价值权力责任失当以及使用者的价值反馈责任失位。对此,以一种新的视角为技术价值相关者构建具有道德合理性的技术价值责任思维范式,形塑以责任自觉为导向的技术价值至善态度,完成其在伦理责任层面社会意志与主观意志的内外协调统一,不失为超越技术人工物价值模糊所引发伦理责任危机的一种可能的思维进路。
There exists a phenomenon of value ambiguity of artifacts,it is often found in the realistic presentation of the artifacts' value. It always performances in the following three aspects: designers' willfulness in value cognition,decision-makers' narrow in value choices,and the users' weakening in value sensitivity. Due to its own limitations,the traditional responsibility ethics always tend to face some ethical responsibility dilemmas when dealing with the challenges brought by the value ambiguity. These dilemmas are embodied in the loss of ethical responsibility of the value stakeholders within the technical value community,they are: the imbalance of the designers' value knowledge responsibility,the inappropriateness of the decision-makers' value power responsibility,and the loss of the users' value feedback responsibility. As a response,we need to find a new kind of wisdom about the responsibility ethics for the value stakeholders within the technical value community,to construct an ethically reasonable technical value responsibility thinking paradigm from a new perspective,and to shape an supreme good attitude of technical value responsibility which is oriented by the consciously responsibility,then to accomplish the internal and external coordination of social will and subjective will at the level of ethical responsibility. This is a possible way of thinking that weakens the value ambiguity of artifacts and the dilemma of ethical responsibility.
There exists a phenomenon of value ambiguity of artifacts,it is often found in the realistic presentation of the artifacts' value. It always performances in the following three aspects: designers' willfulness in value cognition,decision-makers' narrow in value choices,and the users' weakening in value sensitivity. Due to its own limitations,the traditional responsibility ethics always tend to face some ethical responsibility dilemmas when dealing with the challenges brought by the value ambiguity. These dilemmas are embodied in the loss of ethical responsibility of the value stakeholders within the technical value community,they are: the imbalance of the designers' value knowledge responsibility,the inappropriateness of the decision-makers' value power responsibility,and the loss of the users' value feedback responsibility. As a response,we need to find a new kind of wisdom about the responsibility ethics for the value stakeholders within the technical value community,to construct an ethically reasonable technical value responsibility thinking paradigm from a new perspective,and to shape an supreme good attitude of technical value responsibility which is oriented by the consciously responsibility,then to accomplish the internal and external coordination of social will and subjective will at the level of ethical responsibility. This is a possible way of thinking that weakens the value ambiguity of artifacts and the dilemma of ethical responsibility.
引文
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[2]苗东升.模糊学导引[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1987.
[3]张华夏,张志林.技术解释研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[4]易小明.论“由自”---兼及“由自”与意志自由、责任承担的关系[J].哲学研究,2015(10):103-108.
[5]杨怀中,王远旭.工程活动的自然伦理诉求与工程师的自然伦理责任[J].自然辩证法研究,2017(5):123-127.
[6]张卫,王前.技术“微观权力”的伦理意义[J].哲学动态,2015(12):71-76.
[7]甘绍平.应用伦理学前沿问题研究[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2002.
[8][德]汉斯·约纳斯.责任原理:现代技术文明伦理学的尝试[J].方秋明,译.香港:世纪出版有限公司,2013.
[9]毛羽.凸显责任的西方应用伦理学---西方责任伦理述评[J].哲学动态,2003(9):20-24+42.
[10]曹刚.责任伦理:一种新的道德思维[J].中国人民大学学报,2013(2):70-76.
[11]甘绍平.一种超越责任原则的风险伦理[J].哲学研究,2014(9):87-94.
[12][英]齐格蒙特·鲍曼.后现代伦理学[M].张成岗,译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2003.
[13]樊浩.中国伦理精神的现代建构[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,1997.
[14]马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1960.