城市环境质量对人口流迁的影响——基于中国237个城市的面板数据的分析
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摘要
利用中国城市面板数据,从全国、行政等级和规模层面考察了城市环境质量及其类型对人口流动和迁移的影响。结果显示:城市环境质量有利于促进人口向城市流动,但高等级城市或大城市的环境质量会限制人口向城市迁移,而一般地级市或中小城市的环境质量对人口迁移有促进作用;从环境质量类型来看,高等级城市或大城市的环境污染会促进人口向城市流动,但会限制人口向城市迁移;大城市环境治理对人口流动具有促进作用,但对人口迁移具有限制作用,中小城市的环境治理对人口迁移具有促进作用;环境绿化对人口流动具有明显的促进作用。
Using urban panel data in 2006-2015,this essay analyzes the influence of urban environmental quality and its types on population mobility and migration in China from the perspective of the whole country,administrative hierarchy and city scale. The results show: Urban environmental quality attracts population moving to cities,but environmental quality restricts population migrating to cities in high hierarchy or big cities,while it has a promoting effect on population migration in ordinary prefecture or middle-sized and small cities; From the types of environmental quality,urban environmental pollution attracts population moving to cities,but it restricts population migrating to cities in high hierarchy or big cities; Urban environmental governance promotes population mobility,but it restricts population migration in big cities,while environmental governance promotes population migration in middle-sized and small cities; Urban environmental greening plays an important role in promoting population mobility.
Using urban panel data in 2006-2015,this essay analyzes the influence of urban environmental quality and its types on population mobility and migration in China from the perspective of the whole country,administrative hierarchy and city scale. The results show: Urban environmental quality attracts population moving to cities,but environmental quality restricts population migrating to cities in high hierarchy or big cities,while it has a promoting effect on population migration in ordinary prefecture or middle-sized and small cities; From the types of environmental quality,urban environmental pollution attracts population moving to cities,but it restricts population migrating to cities in high hierarchy or big cities; Urban environmental governance promotes population mobility,but it restricts population migration in big cities,while environmental governance promotes population migration in middle-sized and small cities; Urban environmental greening plays an important role in promoting population mobility.
引文
[1]简新华,黄锟.中国城镇化水平和速度的实证分析与前景预测[J].经济研究,2010(3):28-39
[2]郑思齐等.公众诉求与城市环境治理[J].管理世界,2013(6):72-84
[3] Ravenstein E. G. The Laws of Migration[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1889(2):241-305
[4] Schachter J.,Althaus P. G. Neighborhood Quality and Climate As Factors in Us Net Migration Patterns:1974-76[J]. American Journal of Economics and Sociology,1982(4):387-400
[5] Mcauley W. J.,Nutty C. L. Residential Preferences and Moving Behavior:A Family Life-Cycle Analysis[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1982(2):301-309
[6] Hsieh C.,Liu B. The Pursuance of Better Quality of Life:in The Long Run,Better Quality of Social Life Is The Most Important Factor in Migration[J]. American Journal of Economics and Sociology,1983(4):431-440
[7] Hunter L. M. The Association Between Environmental Risk and Internal Migration Flows[J]. Population&Environment,1998(3):247-277
[8] Poston D. L.,Zhang L.,Gotcher D. J.,et al. The Effect of Climate on Migration:United States,1995–2000[J]. Social Science Research,2009(3):743-753
[9] Beladi H.,Frasca R. Pollution Control Under An Urban Binding Minimum Wage[J]. The Annals of Regional Science,1999(4):523-533
[10] Zhang S.,Guldmann J. M. Accessibility,Diversity,Environmental Quality and The Dynamics of Intra-Urban Population and Employment Location[J]. Growth and Change,2010(1):85-114
[11] Cebula R. J.,Vedder R. K. A Note on Migration,Economic Opportunity,and The Quality of Life[J]. Journal of Regional Science,1973(2):205-211
[12]许韶立.自然环境变迁影响人口迁移的历史考察[J].人口学刊,1991(5):26-29
[13]张车伟.关于人口迁移理论的一种生态学观点[J].中国人口科学,1994(1):43-47
[14]陈秋红.环境因素对人口迁移的作用机制分析[J].中国农村观察,2015(3):87-95
[15]李佳.空气污染对劳动力供给的影响研究———来自中国的经验证据[J].中国经济问题,2014(5):67-77
[16]楚永生,刘杨,刘梦.环境污染效应对异质性劳动力流动的影响———基于离散选择模型的空间计量分析[J].产经评论,2015(4):45-56
[17]祁毓,卢洪友,张宁川.环境质量、健康人力资本与经济增长[J].财贸经济,2015(6):124-135
[18]肖挺.环境质量是劳动人口流动的主导因素吗?———“逃离北上广”现象的一种解读[J].经济评论,2016(2):3-17
[19]文雯,王奇.城市人口规模与环境污染之间的关系———基于中国285个城市面板数据的分析[J].城市问题,2017(9):32-38
(1)原始数据均来源于历年的《中国城市统计年鉴》和《中国城市建设统计年鉴》。
[2]郑思齐等.公众诉求与城市环境治理[J].管理世界,2013(6):72-84
[3] Ravenstein E. G. The Laws of Migration[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1889(2):241-305
[4] Schachter J.,Althaus P. G. Neighborhood Quality and Climate As Factors in Us Net Migration Patterns:1974-76[J]. American Journal of Economics and Sociology,1982(4):387-400
[5] Mcauley W. J.,Nutty C. L. Residential Preferences and Moving Behavior:A Family Life-Cycle Analysis[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1982(2):301-309
[6] Hsieh C.,Liu B. The Pursuance of Better Quality of Life:in The Long Run,Better Quality of Social Life Is The Most Important Factor in Migration[J]. American Journal of Economics and Sociology,1983(4):431-440
[7] Hunter L. M. The Association Between Environmental Risk and Internal Migration Flows[J]. Population&Environment,1998(3):247-277
[8] Poston D. L.,Zhang L.,Gotcher D. J.,et al. The Effect of Climate on Migration:United States,1995–2000[J]. Social Science Research,2009(3):743-753
[9] Beladi H.,Frasca R. Pollution Control Under An Urban Binding Minimum Wage[J]. The Annals of Regional Science,1999(4):523-533
[10] Zhang S.,Guldmann J. M. Accessibility,Diversity,Environmental Quality and The Dynamics of Intra-Urban Population and Employment Location[J]. Growth and Change,2010(1):85-114
[11] Cebula R. J.,Vedder R. K. A Note on Migration,Economic Opportunity,and The Quality of Life[J]. Journal of Regional Science,1973(2):205-211
[12]许韶立.自然环境变迁影响人口迁移的历史考察[J].人口学刊,1991(5):26-29
[13]张车伟.关于人口迁移理论的一种生态学观点[J].中国人口科学,1994(1):43-47
[14]陈秋红.环境因素对人口迁移的作用机制分析[J].中国农村观察,2015(3):87-95
[15]李佳.空气污染对劳动力供给的影响研究———来自中国的经验证据[J].中国经济问题,2014(5):67-77
[16]楚永生,刘杨,刘梦.环境污染效应对异质性劳动力流动的影响———基于离散选择模型的空间计量分析[J].产经评论,2015(4):45-56
[17]祁毓,卢洪友,张宁川.环境质量、健康人力资本与经济增长[J].财贸经济,2015(6):124-135
[18]肖挺.环境质量是劳动人口流动的主导因素吗?———“逃离北上广”现象的一种解读[J].经济评论,2016(2):3-17
[19]文雯,王奇.城市人口规模与环境污染之间的关系———基于中国285个城市面板数据的分析[J].城市问题,2017(9):32-38
(1)原始数据均来源于历年的《中国城市统计年鉴》和《中国城市建设统计年鉴》。