橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性及抑爆的试验研究
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摘要
为了研究橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性以及惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆,用20 L球形爆炸装置测试橡胶粉尘的爆炸特性,分析粉尘浓度和粒径对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力(pmax)和爆炸指数(Kst)的影响,并且探究聚磷酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠4种不同惰性粉体对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果及不同粒径的聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘爆炸压力的影响。结果表明:在爆炸极限范围内,橡胶粉尘的爆炸压力随粉尘质量浓度增加先增大后减小;橡胶粉尘粒径越小,其爆炸后果越严重;聚磷酸铵对橡胶粉尘的抑爆效果相对较好;且在一定质量浓度范围内粒径越小,抑爆效果越好。
This paper is aimed to investigate the burst-explosion characteristics of the rubber powder burst and the inerting effect to be produced by APP,NH4 H2 PO4,Ca CO3 and Na HCO3 powders on the rubber dust explosion. As is known,dust explosion can result in heavy casualties and severe damage due to its strong destructive force. To prevent such unhappy events,we have first of all engaged in testing the maximum explosion pressure( pmax) and the maximum rate of pressure rise of( dp/dt)maxin the spherical chamber for the different dust concentrations and particle sizes of the rubber powder dust. And,then,we have done the experimental measurement of the pmaxof rubber and inert agent powder mixture,which has been followed by the investigation of the inerting mechanism of the inert agents. From the aforementioned tests,we have worked out the ignition energy of the chemical igniter stands at about 2 k J with its delaying time length being 60 ms,whereas the pressure in the dust storage tank should be 2 MPa. Thus,the results of our experimental research indicate that the pmaxand the dust explosion index( Kst) tends to increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rubber dust concentration. Therefore,there should exist an ideal dust concentration for the rubber dust burst-explosion,with the pmaxfor the rubber dust explosion potential value growing extent on the said ideal dust concentration to the maximal limit. Furthermore,it would turn out that the explosion severity tends to increase whereas the particle size tends to decrease to a certain rubber dust concentration limit. Waht is more,when the pmaxfor the rubber dust explosion drops obviously as a result of addition of APP,NH4 H2 PO4,Ca CO3 and Na HCO3 powders to the rubber dust,there would come about a totally new situation,that is,the higher the the mass fraction of the additives,the greater the inerting effect would be produced on the rubber dust explosion. Besides,the inerting effect of the APP on the rubber dust burst explosion would be behaving much better than the others. Apart from what is said above,we have also studied the influence of the APP particle sizes on the rubber dust explosion. The results of our exploration indicate that,the smaller the particle sizes of APP,the better the inerting effect of pmaxof rubber and inert agent powder mixture would produce on the rubber dust explosion. And,in the last part of the paper,we have also made a further discussion on the inerting mechanisms of the inertion agents.
This paper is aimed to investigate the burst-explosion characteristics of the rubber powder burst and the inerting effect to be produced by APP,NH4 H2 PO4,Ca CO3 and Na HCO3 powders on the rubber dust explosion. As is known,dust explosion can result in heavy casualties and severe damage due to its strong destructive force. To prevent such unhappy events,we have first of all engaged in testing the maximum explosion pressure( pmax) and the maximum rate of pressure rise of( dp/dt)maxin the spherical chamber for the different dust concentrations and particle sizes of the rubber powder dust. And,then,we have done the experimental measurement of the pmaxof rubber and inert agent powder mixture,which has been followed by the investigation of the inerting mechanism of the inert agents. From the aforementioned tests,we have worked out the ignition energy of the chemical igniter stands at about 2 k J with its delaying time length being 60 ms,whereas the pressure in the dust storage tank should be 2 MPa. Thus,the results of our experimental research indicate that the pmaxand the dust explosion index( Kst) tends to increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rubber dust concentration. Therefore,there should exist an ideal dust concentration for the rubber dust burst-explosion,with the pmaxfor the rubber dust explosion potential value growing extent on the said ideal dust concentration to the maximal limit. Furthermore,it would turn out that the explosion severity tends to increase whereas the particle size tends to decrease to a certain rubber dust concentration limit. Waht is more,when the pmaxfor the rubber dust explosion drops obviously as a result of addition of APP,NH4 H2 PO4,Ca CO3 and Na HCO3 powders to the rubber dust,there would come about a totally new situation,that is,the higher the the mass fraction of the additives,the greater the inerting effect would be produced on the rubber dust explosion. Besides,the inerting effect of the APP on the rubber dust burst explosion would be behaving much better than the others. Apart from what is said above,we have also studied the influence of the APP particle sizes on the rubber dust explosion. The results of our exploration indicate that,the smaller the particle sizes of APP,the better the inerting effect of pmaxof rubber and inert agent powder mixture would produce on the rubber dust explosion. And,in the last part of the paper,we have also made a further discussion on the inerting mechanisms of the inertion agents.
引文
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[14]PENG Yuhuai(彭于怀),HUANG Liyuan(黄丽媛),CAO Weiguo(曹卫国),et al.Hazards and suppressions research on lycopodium dust explosions[J].Explosive Materials(爆破器材),2014,43(6):16-21.
[15]JIAO Dongmei(焦冬梅),LI Yong(李勇).Dust flue gas pollution in rubber and its control measures[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products(特种橡胶制品),2012,33(1):63-67.
[16]International Organization for Standardization.ISO 6184/1,1985Explosion protection systems part 1:determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air[S].
[17]WANG Yujie(王玉杰),CHEN Xi(陈曦),CHEN Xianfeng(陈先锋),et al.Effect of sodium bicarbonate particle size on characteristics of aluminum dust flame propagation[J].China Safety Science Journal(中国安全科学学报),2016,26(3):53-58.
[18]LI Yundong(李云东),GU Silian(古思廉).Application of flame-retardant ammonium polyphosphate[J].Yunnan Chemical Technology(云南化工),2005,32(4):51-54.
[19]ZHANG Zejiang(张泽江),MEI Xiujuan(梅秀娟).Synthesis and flame retardant mechanism of the ammonium polyphosphate[J].Flame Retardant Materials and Technology(阻燃材料与技术),2004(2):5-8.
[2]CASHDOLLAR K L,ZLOCHOWERI A.Explosion temperatures and pressures of metals and other elemental dust clouds[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2007,202:337-348.
[3]DUFAUD O,TRAORE M,PERRIN L,et al.Experimental investigation and modeling of aluminum dusts explosions in the 20 L sphere[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2010,23(2):226-236.
[4]LI Q Z,WANG K,ZHENG Y N.Explosion severity of micro-sized aluminum dust and its flame propagation properties in 20 L spherical vessel[J].Powder Technology,2016,301:1299-1308.
[5]GAO Cong(高聪),LI Hua(李化),SU Dan(苏丹),et al.Explosion characteristics of coal dust in a sealed vessel[J].Explosion and Shock Waves(爆炸与冲击),2010,30(2):164-168.
[6]MIN C L,YUN S K,DONG H R.Analysis of explosion characteristics of combustible wood dust in confined system using the thermal decomposition rate and mass loss rate[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,109:432-439.
[7]NIKUFU M,KOYYANAKA S,OHYA H,et al.Ignitability characteristics of aluminium and magnesium dusts that are generated during the shredding of post-consumer wastes[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2007,20:322-329.
[8]GAO Wei(高伟),MARUI M(圆井道也),RONG Jianzhong(荣建忠),et al.Effects of particle size distribution on flame structure during organic dust explosion[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology(燃烧科学与技术),2013,19(2):157-162.
[9]CAO Weiguo(曹卫国),PAN Feng(潘峰),XU Sen(徐森),et al.On the characteristic parameters of wheat starch dust explosion[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2012,12(2):213-216.
[10]ROLF E.Dust explosion prevention in process industries[M].3rd ed.Amsterdam:Elsvier Science,2003:542-543.
[11]ZHANG Erqiang(张二强),ZHANG Lijing(张礼敬),TAO Gang(陶刚),et al.Preliminary study on characteristics and preventive measures of the dust explosion[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2012,8(2):88-92.
[12]AMYOTTE P R,MINTZ K J,PEGG M J.Effectiveness of various rock dusts as agents of coal dust inerting[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,1992,5(3):196-199.
[13]KUAI Niansheng(蒯念生),LI Jianming(李建明),CHEN Zhi(陈志),et al.Experimental investigation on explosive characteristics and inerting of magnesium dust[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection(工业安全与环保),2011,37(3):53-55.
[14]PENG Yuhuai(彭于怀),HUANG Liyuan(黄丽媛),CAO Weiguo(曹卫国),et al.Hazards and suppressions research on lycopodium dust explosions[J].Explosive Materials(爆破器材),2014,43(6):16-21.
[15]JIAO Dongmei(焦冬梅),LI Yong(李勇).Dust flue gas pollution in rubber and its control measures[J].Special Purpose Rubber Products(特种橡胶制品),2012,33(1):63-67.
[16]International Organization for Standardization.ISO 6184/1,1985Explosion protection systems part 1:determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air[S].
[17]WANG Yujie(王玉杰),CHEN Xi(陈曦),CHEN Xianfeng(陈先锋),et al.Effect of sodium bicarbonate particle size on characteristics of aluminum dust flame propagation[J].China Safety Science Journal(中国安全科学学报),2016,26(3):53-58.
[18]LI Yundong(李云东),GU Silian(古思廉).Application of flame-retardant ammonium polyphosphate[J].Yunnan Chemical Technology(云南化工),2005,32(4):51-54.
[19]ZHANG Zejiang(张泽江),MEI Xiujuan(梅秀娟).Synthesis and flame retardant mechanism of the ammonium polyphosphate[J].Flame Retardant Materials and Technology(阻燃材料与技术),2004(2):5-8.