抑芽剂残留在烟草种植、储存和燃吸过程的降解与风险评价
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摘要
为明确合理使用条件下抑芽剂农药残留水平与控制烟叶中农药残留的关键措施,采用气相色谱检测技术,系统研究了烟叶中二甲戊灵、仲丁灵和氟节胺3种常用抑芽剂在田间生长和储存过程中农药残留降解规律及燃吸过程的转移率。结果表明,二甲戊灵、仲丁灵和氟节胺在鲜烟叶中的理论半衰期分别为2.1~5.9 d、5.2~12.2 d、3.3~5.2 d,在干烟叶储存过程中理论半衰期分别为173~495 d、192~462 d、216~533 d,且呈现原始浓度偏高,半衰期偏长的趋势。在燃吸过程中,3种抑芽剂由烟叶到烟气的迁移率分别为8.5%~14.6%、16.7%~21.0%、13.3%~13.7%,低浓度处理迁移率稍高。总之,按照推荐剂量合理使用农药,烟叶中抑芽剂残留量远低于CORESTA农药残留限量要求。烟草田间生长阶段规范使用抑芽剂、延长安全间隔期,是控制烟叶抑芽剂残留的关键措施。
In order to study the suckercides residue level of normative application on tobacco leaves and find the key points of control pesticide residues, a modified gas chromatography method was developed for suckercide residues detection of dlibutalin, flumetralin and pendimethalin with series of samples during planting stage, storage process and smoking process in tobacco leaves. The results showed that the standard curves, the quantitative limits and the recoveries met the requirements of validation. The half-lives of pendimethalin, butralin and flumetralin in fresh leaves in planting process were 2.1-5.9 d, 5.2-12.2 d, 3.3-5.2 d, and those in cured tobacco leaves in storage process were 173-495 d, 192-462 d, 216-533 d, respectively. The half-lives of suckercides expressed the characteristic of the higher original concentration, the longer half-life. In the process of smoking, the migration rates of suckercides from tobacco leaves to main smoking were 8.5%-14.6%, 16.7%-21.0%, 13.3%-13.7%, with the higher transfer rates in lower concentration. And the conclusion was that with the recommended dose of rational application of suckercides in tobacco planting, the suckercide residues were lower than GRLs of CORESTA, standardize the rational application and length the safety interval were rather than the natural degradation in storage process to control the suckercide residues.
In order to study the suckercides residue level of normative application on tobacco leaves and find the key points of control pesticide residues, a modified gas chromatography method was developed for suckercide residues detection of dlibutalin, flumetralin and pendimethalin with series of samples during planting stage, storage process and smoking process in tobacco leaves. The results showed that the standard curves, the quantitative limits and the recoveries met the requirements of validation. The half-lives of pendimethalin, butralin and flumetralin in fresh leaves in planting process were 2.1-5.9 d, 5.2-12.2 d, 3.3-5.2 d, and those in cured tobacco leaves in storage process were 173-495 d, 192-462 d, 216-533 d, respectively. The half-lives of suckercides expressed the characteristic of the higher original concentration, the longer half-life. In the process of smoking, the migration rates of suckercides from tobacco leaves to main smoking were 8.5%-14.6%, 16.7%-21.0%, 13.3%-13.7%, with the higher transfer rates in lower concentration. And the conclusion was that with the recommended dose of rational application of suckercides in tobacco planting, the suckercide residues were lower than GRLs of CORESTA, standardize the rational application and length the safety interval were rather than the natural degradation in storage process to control the suckercide residues.
引文
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[15]王秀国,李义强,孙惠青,等.氯溴异氰尿酸在烟叶及其土壤中的残留分析及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2012(2):191-917.
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[17]Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee(ACAC)of CORESTA.CORESTA guidance No.1:The concept and implementation of CPA guidance residue level[DB/OL](2016-07).http://www.coresta.org/Guides/Guide-No01-GRLs(4th-Issue-July2016).pdf.
[18]陈德鑫,王凤龙,杨清林,等.烟草抑芽剂及其使用方法[J].烟草科技,2003(3):46-48.
[19]相振波.常用抑芽剂在烟叶中残留降解和燃吸迁移率[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[2]宋稳成,单炜力,简秋.我国农药残留监管现状及推进措施[J].农产品质量与安全,2010(6):34-37.
[3]艾小勇.鲜烟叶中抑芽剂和农药检测方法探讨以及仲丁灵消解动态初步研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[4]柳敏.25%氟节胺悬浮剂在烟草上的残留分析与消解动态研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[5]相振波,孙惠青,王秀国,等.二甲戊灵在烟草和土壤中的残留消解动态和残留量[J].农药,2013(1):45-47.
[6]罗华元,王绍坤,董石飞,等.烟草中“仲丁灵”残留量及其向烟气中的转移率[J].烟草科技,2010(12):36-39.
[7]万毅伦,张洪非,高川川,等.卷烟中126种农药在燃吸过程中的迁移行为[J].贵州农业科学,2015(5):101-106.
[8]王运浩.农药登记残留田间试验标准操作规程[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[9]中华人民共和国农业部农药检定所.NY/T 788农药残留试验准则[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[10]唐吉旺,王建秀,袁列江,等.气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中24种农药残留量[J].理化检验(化学分册),2015(11):1557-1561
[11]李义强,杨立强,刘万峰,等.三唑酮及其代谢物在烟叶中的降解规律[J].中国烟草学报,2015,36(5):62-67.
[12]罗彦波,李翔宇,朱风鹏,等.在线GPC-GC-MS/MS法直接检测烟叶中的农药残留[J].烟草科技,2016(9):42-49.
[13]王兆守.微生物降解茶叶农药残留的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2003.
[14]丁超,徐如彦,张洪召,等.卷烟主流烟气粒相物中逐口生物碱含量测定及其递送规律[J].烟草科技,2011(5):59-65.
[15]王秀国,李义强,孙惠青,等.氯溴异氰尿酸在烟叶及其土壤中的残留分析及消解动态[J].农药学学报,2012(2):191-917.
[16]韩锦峰,朱大恒,刘卫群.陈化发酵期间烤烟叶面微生物活性及其应用研究[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(4):13-14.
[17]Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee(ACAC)of CORESTA.CORESTA guidance No.1:The concept and implementation of CPA guidance residue level[DB/OL](2016-07).http://www.coresta.org/Guides/Guide-No01-GRLs(4th-Issue-July2016).pdf.
[18]陈德鑫,王凤龙,杨清林,等.烟草抑芽剂及其使用方法[J].烟草科技,2003(3):46-48.
[19]相振波.常用抑芽剂在烟叶中残留降解和燃吸迁移率[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.