香根草对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制及其成分分析
|
摘要
随着水体富营养化程度的加剧,藻类等大量繁殖,在对水体造成破坏的同时,藻类产生的藻毒素会使动物中毒或通过食物链传递,威胁人类的健康。为控制富营养化水体中蓝藻的数量,减少水华的发生,利用生态浮床技术,以浮床植物香根草为研究对象,通过在铜绿微囊藻培养中添加香根草种植水,研究香根草对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效应。每3 d使用血球计数板计算藻细胞密度,记录接种微囊藻的种植水和对照处理下的藻类数量;并用分光光度法测定培养液中铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量,使用固相萃取方法收集香根草种植水中的根系分泌物,经气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析香根草种植水中的化学物质。结果表明:以蒸馏水培养5 d收集获得的香根草种植水对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用。与对照组相比,香根草种植水中培养的铜绿微囊藻生长缓慢。其中培养6 d后,香根草种植水开始对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生抑制作用,且抑制作用随时间的推移而增加,在与铜绿微囊藻共培养21 d后,抑制率达到76%。种植水中藻类叶绿素a含量为447. 62 mg/L,对照组铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a含量则高达3 592 mg/L,为试验组的8倍。香根草根系分泌物中有24种化合物,其中己酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等脂肪酸对铜绿微囊藻等藻类有抑制作用。2-羟基丙酸相对含量最高,为50. 71%;其次是棕榈酸,相对含量为23. 2%。香根草种植水通过抑制铜绿微囊藻的光合作用,对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生抑制作用。
With the aggravation of eutrophication of water body,algae can be propagated in large amount.The toxin produced by algae will cause the animals to be poisoned or pass through the food chain,threatening the health of human beings. In order to control the number of the blue-green algae in eutrophic water,this experiment used ecological floating bed technology to study the inhibition effect of Vetiveria zizanioids on Microcystis aeruginosa by adding the water which planted V. zizanioids in the culture of M. aeruginosa. The cell density was calculated with the blood cell count board per 3 d,and the content of chlorophyll a of M. aeruginosa was measured by spectrophotometric method. The chemical substances in V. zizanioids were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the root secretions of V. zizanioids.The highest inhibitory rate( 76%) could be reached within 21 days. The results showed that the chlorophyll a concentration of algae in the plant was 447. 62 mg/L,and the concentration of chlorophyll a in the control group was up to 3 592 mg/L,The ρ( Chla) of the controls could be as 8 times high as that of the experiments. The results of GC-MS analyses showed that there were 24 fatty acids in the root secretions of V. zizanioids. Those acids included hexanoic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid and stearic acid,etc. The relative content of lactic acid was thehighest( 50. 71%),followed by palmitic acid( 23. 2%). The V. zizanioids water can inhibit the growth of M.aeruginosa by inhibiting photosynthesis and growth quantity of M. aeruginosa.
With the aggravation of eutrophication of water body,algae can be propagated in large amount.The toxin produced by algae will cause the animals to be poisoned or pass through the food chain,threatening the health of human beings. In order to control the number of the blue-green algae in eutrophic water,this experiment used ecological floating bed technology to study the inhibition effect of Vetiveria zizanioids on Microcystis aeruginosa by adding the water which planted V. zizanioids in the culture of M. aeruginosa. The cell density was calculated with the blood cell count board per 3 d,and the content of chlorophyll a of M. aeruginosa was measured by spectrophotometric method. The chemical substances in V. zizanioids were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the root secretions of V. zizanioids.The highest inhibitory rate( 76%) could be reached within 21 days. The results showed that the chlorophyll a concentration of algae in the plant was 447. 62 mg/L,and the concentration of chlorophyll a in the control group was up to 3 592 mg/L,The ρ( Chla) of the controls could be as 8 times high as that of the experiments. The results of GC-MS analyses showed that there were 24 fatty acids in the root secretions of V. zizanioids. Those acids included hexanoic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid and stearic acid,etc. The relative content of lactic acid was thehighest( 50. 71%),followed by palmitic acid( 23. 2%). The V. zizanioids water can inhibit the growth of M.aeruginosa by inhibiting photosynthesis and growth quantity of M. aeruginosa.
引文
[1]秦伯强,高光,朱光伟,等.湖泊富营养化及其生态系统响应[J].科学通报,2013,58(10):855-864.
[2]李锋民,胡洪营.生物化感作用在水处理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(7):38-40.
[3]倪利晓,陈世金,任高翔,等.陆生植物化感作用的抑藻研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6/7):1176-1182.
[4]李锋民,胡洪营.植物化感作用控制天然水体中有害藻类的机理与应用[J].给水排水,2004,30(2):1-4.
[5]DAI Q Y. Purification of beer wastewater by Lolium muliiflorum[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1993,4(3):334-337.
[6]MA L S,LUO Y M,WU L H,et al. Dynamics and efficiency of nitrogen and phosphrous removal from eutrophicated water bodies by Vetiveria Zizanioids(L.)Nash on floating-beds[J]. Soil,2000,32(2):99-101.
[7]CHOE S,JUNG I H. Growth inhibition of freshwater algae by ester compounds released from rotted plants[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2002,8(4):297-304.
[8]李锋民,胡洪营,种云霄,等.芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(3):377-381.
[9]张庭廷,郑春艳,何梅,等.脂肪酸类物质的抑藻效应及其构效关系[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(3):274-279.
[10]GROSS EM,MEYER H,SCHILLING G. Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolysable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phytochemistry,1996,41:133-138.
[11]王红强,吴振斌.化感物质的抑藻作用研究,应用及生态安全评价[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1375-1379.
[12]张志勇,冯明雷,杨林章.浮床植物净化生活污水中N,P的效果及N2O的排放[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4333-4341.
[13]马立珊,骆永明,吴龙华,等.浮床香根草对富营养化水体氮磷去除动态及效率的初步研究[J].土壤,2000(2):99-101.
[14]杨兵,蓝崇钰,束文圣.香根草在铅锌尾矿上升至及其对重金属的吸收[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):45-50.
[15]夏汉平.香根草和水花生对垃圾污水中N,P,Cl的吸收效果[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):613-616.
[16]NAKAI S,INOUE Y,HOSOMI M. Allelopathic effects of polyphenols released by Myriophyllum spicatum on the growth of Cyanobacterium Microsystisaeruginosa[J]. Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):201-210.
[17]潘琦,邹国燕,宋祥甫,等.美人蕉根系对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(10):1193-1198.
[18]王立新,吴国荣,王建安,等.黑藻对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):337-342.
[19]朱俊英,刘碧云,王静,等.穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2904-2908.
[20]吴程,常学秀,吴峰.高等水生植物对集胞藻(Synahocystis sp.)的化感作用[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(5):535-540.
[21]李锋民,胡洪营.芦苇抑藻化感物质的分离及其抑制蛋白核小球藻效果[J].环境科学,2004,25(5):89-92.
[22]陈德辉,刘永定,宋立荣.蓖齿眼子菜对栅藻和微囊藻的他感作用及其参数[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2):163-168.
[23]白羽,黄莹莹,孔海南,等.加拿大一枝黄花化感抑藻效应的初步研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1296-1303.
[24]KONG C H,WANG P,ZHANG C X,et al. Herbicidal potential of allelochemicals from Lantana camara against Eichhorrnia crassipes and the alga Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Weed Research,2006,46(4):290-295.
[25]DZIGA D,SUDA M,BIALCZK J,et al. The alteration of Microcystis aeruginosa and dissolved Microcystin-LR concentration following exposure to plant-producing phenols[J]. Environmental Toxicology,2007,22:341-346.
[26]NAKAI S,HOSOMI M. Myriophyllum spicatum-released allelopathic from Myriophyllum spicatum[J]. Hydrobiologia,2005,543:71-78.
[27]王桂龙.植物间的他感作用及其应用[J].作物研究,1992,6(3):4-7.
[28]孟丽华,刘义新.利用植物化感作用抑制铜绿微囊藻的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(20):7-19.
[29]胡陈艳,葛芳杰,张胜花,等.马来眼子菜体内抑藻物质分离及常见脂肪酸抑藻效应[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(4):569-576.
[30]文媛,王飞生,赵鹏飞,等.香根草净油主要化学成分检测[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(31):13482-13484.
[31]段礼新,漆小泉.基于GC-MS的植物代谢组学研究[J].生命科学,2015,27(8):971-977.
[32]冯燕,张慧.浮床组合生物技术对湖泊富营养化水体氮磷去除效果研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(1):78-81.
[33]任朝阳,邓春光.生态浮床技术应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(增刊):261-263.
[34]杨林,武斌,赖发英,等. 7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水氮磷的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621.
[35]蒋敏,秦普丰,雷鸣,等.香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究[J].中国环境管理,2012(2):36-38.
[36]管珍珍,郑宝红,李玉英,等.香根草的综合利用开发研究进展[J].南阳师范学院学报,2013,12(3):32-37.
[2]李锋民,胡洪营.生物化感作用在水处理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(7):38-40.
[3]倪利晓,陈世金,任高翔,等.陆生植物化感作用的抑藻研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6/7):1176-1182.
[4]李锋民,胡洪营.植物化感作用控制天然水体中有害藻类的机理与应用[J].给水排水,2004,30(2):1-4.
[5]DAI Q Y. Purification of beer wastewater by Lolium muliiflorum[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1993,4(3):334-337.
[6]MA L S,LUO Y M,WU L H,et al. Dynamics and efficiency of nitrogen and phosphrous removal from eutrophicated water bodies by Vetiveria Zizanioids(L.)Nash on floating-beds[J]. Soil,2000,32(2):99-101.
[7]CHOE S,JUNG I H. Growth inhibition of freshwater algae by ester compounds released from rotted plants[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2002,8(4):297-304.
[8]李锋民,胡洪营,种云霄,等.芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(3):377-381.
[9]张庭廷,郑春艳,何梅,等.脂肪酸类物质的抑藻效应及其构效关系[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(3):274-279.
[10]GROSS EM,MEYER H,SCHILLING G. Release and ecological impact of algicidal hydrolysable polyphenols in Myriophyllum spicatum[J].Phytochemistry,1996,41:133-138.
[11]王红强,吴振斌.化感物质的抑藻作用研究,应用及生态安全评价[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1375-1379.
[12]张志勇,冯明雷,杨林章.浮床植物净化生活污水中N,P的效果及N2O的排放[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4333-4341.
[13]马立珊,骆永明,吴龙华,等.浮床香根草对富营养化水体氮磷去除动态及效率的初步研究[J].土壤,2000(2):99-101.
[14]杨兵,蓝崇钰,束文圣.香根草在铅锌尾矿上升至及其对重金属的吸收[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):45-50.
[15]夏汉平.香根草和水花生对垃圾污水中N,P,Cl的吸收效果[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):613-616.
[16]NAKAI S,INOUE Y,HOSOMI M. Allelopathic effects of polyphenols released by Myriophyllum spicatum on the growth of Cyanobacterium Microsystisaeruginosa[J]. Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):201-210.
[17]潘琦,邹国燕,宋祥甫,等.美人蕉根系对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(10):1193-1198.
[18]王立新,吴国荣,王建安,等.黑藻对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用[J].湖泊科学,2004,16(4):337-342.
[19]朱俊英,刘碧云,王静,等.穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2904-2908.
[20]吴程,常学秀,吴峰.高等水生植物对集胞藻(Synahocystis sp.)的化感作用[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(5):535-540.
[21]李锋民,胡洪营.芦苇抑藻化感物质的分离及其抑制蛋白核小球藻效果[J].环境科学,2004,25(5):89-92.
[22]陈德辉,刘永定,宋立荣.蓖齿眼子菜对栅藻和微囊藻的他感作用及其参数[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2):163-168.
[23]白羽,黄莹莹,孔海南,等.加拿大一枝黄花化感抑藻效应的初步研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1296-1303.
[24]KONG C H,WANG P,ZHANG C X,et al. Herbicidal potential of allelochemicals from Lantana camara against Eichhorrnia crassipes and the alga Microcystis aeruginosa[J]. Weed Research,2006,46(4):290-295.
[25]DZIGA D,SUDA M,BIALCZK J,et al. The alteration of Microcystis aeruginosa and dissolved Microcystin-LR concentration following exposure to plant-producing phenols[J]. Environmental Toxicology,2007,22:341-346.
[26]NAKAI S,HOSOMI M. Myriophyllum spicatum-released allelopathic from Myriophyllum spicatum[J]. Hydrobiologia,2005,543:71-78.
[27]王桂龙.植物间的他感作用及其应用[J].作物研究,1992,6(3):4-7.
[28]孟丽华,刘义新.利用植物化感作用抑制铜绿微囊藻的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(20):7-19.
[29]胡陈艳,葛芳杰,张胜花,等.马来眼子菜体内抑藻物质分离及常见脂肪酸抑藻效应[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(4):569-576.
[30]文媛,王飞生,赵鹏飞,等.香根草净油主要化学成分检测[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(31):13482-13484.
[31]段礼新,漆小泉.基于GC-MS的植物代谢组学研究[J].生命科学,2015,27(8):971-977.
[32]冯燕,张慧.浮床组合生物技术对湖泊富营养化水体氮磷去除效果研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(1):78-81.
[33]任朝阳,邓春光.生态浮床技术应用研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(增刊):261-263.
[34]杨林,武斌,赖发英,等. 7种典型挺水植物净化生活污水氮磷的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):616-621.
[35]蒋敏,秦普丰,雷鸣,等.香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究[J].中国环境管理,2012(2):36-38.
[36]管珍珍,郑宝红,李玉英,等.香根草的综合利用开发研究进展[J].南阳师范学院学报,2013,12(3):32-37.