中国农村小额人身保险需求影响因素分析——基于安徽省黄山市的实证研究
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摘要
自2008年开展试点工作以来,农村小额人身保险取得了长足的发展,但其实际覆盖面与农民巨大的潜在需求依然存在相当的差距。探究我国广大农村人群对农村小额人身保险的具体需求以及需求影响因素,能够为推进小额人身保险工作提供数据支持和政策建议。本文基于安徽省黄山市的调研数据,对农村小额人身保险的投保意愿及保险花费的影响因素进行实证分析。研究发现,试点支持性政策对于中国农村小额人身保险的发展具有显著的推动作用;而受教育年限、劳动力比率和家庭收入水平等因素对小额保险需求的影响是非线性的。伴随农村社会经济条件的改善,普通人身险的市场潜力会逐步释放,小额保险作为提高保险感知度、增进客户体验的重要方式,对未来农村地区人身险市场的发展也具有重要作用。
Although China's rural micro-life insurance has seen rapid development after the pilot program was launched in 2008,there has been a considerable gap between the actual coverage and the huge potential demand from the farmers. A thorough analysis on actual demands and determinants for demands for micro-life insurance in rural areas will provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations to ensure its sustainable development. Based on the first-hand field research data collected in Huangshan City of Anhui province,we conducted an empirical analysis and identified the factors that significantly affected the purchasing willingness and the actual expenditure on rural micro-life insurance. The pilot policy is shown to be a key factor to enhance micro insurance demand and the impact of the education of the household head,the percentage of labor force,and the per capita annual income on the demand is found to be nonlinear. Along with the economic development in rural areas,the traditional life insurance market tends to grow accordingly. Micro-insurance is going to play an important role in this regards as it facilitates the awareness of insurance and provides a natural insurance transaction experience for farmers.
Although China's rural micro-life insurance has seen rapid development after the pilot program was launched in 2008,there has been a considerable gap between the actual coverage and the huge potential demand from the farmers. A thorough analysis on actual demands and determinants for demands for micro-life insurance in rural areas will provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations to ensure its sustainable development. Based on the first-hand field research data collected in Huangshan City of Anhui province,we conducted an empirical analysis and identified the factors that significantly affected the purchasing willingness and the actual expenditure on rural micro-life insurance. The pilot policy is shown to be a key factor to enhance micro insurance demand and the impact of the education of the household head,the percentage of labor force,and the per capita annual income on the demand is found to be nonlinear. Along with the economic development in rural areas,the traditional life insurance market tends to grow accordingly. Micro-insurance is going to play an important role in this regards as it facilitates the awareness of insurance and provides a natural insurance transaction experience for farmers.
引文
[1]Ahuja,R.,and J.P.Jutting.Are the poor too poor to demand health insurance?[J].Journal of Microfinance/ESR Review,2004,6:1-20.
[2]Currie,J.,E.Moretti.Mother's education and the intergenerational transmission of human capital:Evidence from college openings[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2003,118:1495-1532.
[3]Elbers C.,J.W.Gunning,and B.Kinsey.Growth and risk:Methodology and micro evidence[J].The World Bank Economic Review,2007,21:1-20.
[4]Giesbert,L.,S.Steiner,and M.Bendig.Participation in micro life insurance and the use of other financial services in Ghana[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2011,78:7-35.
[5]Grossman,M.The correlation between health and schooling[M].NBER Chapters,in:Household Production and Consumption,1976:147-224.
[6]Hamid,S.A.,J.Roberts,and P.Mosley.Can micro health insurance reduce poverty?Evidence from Bangladesh[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2011,78:57-82.
[7]Outreville,J.F.Life insurance markets in developing countries[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,1996:263-278.
[8]Rosenzweig,M.R.,and H.P.Binswanger.Wealth,weather risk,and the composition and profitability of agricultural investments[J].Economic Journal,1993,103:56-78.
[9]Showers,V.E.,J.A.Shotick.The effects of household characteristics on demand for insurance:A tobit analysis[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,1994,61:492-502.
[10]Ward,D.,and R.Zurbruegg,Does insurance promote economic growth?Evidence from OECD countries[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2000,67:489-506.
[11]Yao,Y.Development and sustainability of emerging health insurance markets:evidence from microinsurance in Pakistan[J].The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice,2013,38:160-180.
[12]曹晓兰.我国小额保险的经济学分析[J].保险研究,2009,(6):33-36.
[13]陈华.农户购买小额保险意愿影响因素研究[J].保险研究,2009,(5):51-56.
[14]初可佳,孙建.农村小额养老保险需求影响因素的实证分析[J].保险研究,2011,(7):59-68.
[15]李琼,刘丽,李畅.小额人身保险“菲律宾之经验”解析[J].保险研究,2010,(8):116-122.
[16]林熙,林义.印度农村小额保险发展经验及启示[J].保险研究,2008,(2):90-93.
[17]刘妍,卢亚娟.农村小额保险购买意愿影响因素的实证研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2011,(5):106-112.
[18]孙健,申曙光.国外小额保险的理论及实践分析[J].南方金融,2007,(7):53-55.
[19]孙香玉.保险认知、政府公信度与农业保险需求:江苏省淮安农户农业保险支付意愿的实证检验[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008,8(1):48-54.
[20]肖弦弈.乌克兰小额保险市场需求和发展思路[J].保险研究,2008(1):91-93.
[21]徐淑芳.国外小额保险经营模式比较及其对我国的启示[J].南方经济,2008(6):65-72.
1 数据来源:《2009年全国寿险监管工作会议新闻稿之四:发挥保险保障功能服务经济社会发展》,中国保监会官方网站。
2 数据来源:国家数据库。
1因篇幅所限,此处略去问卷全文。如有需要,可来信与作者索取完整问卷。
1 在问卷设计中,家庭借款能力共有四种选项,依次为很容易、一般、不容易和不可能。访问对象中没有人表示借款很容易。
2 在问卷设计中,家庭成员健康状况共有四种选项,依次为健康、良好、不太好和不好。
1数据来源:国家数据库。
[2]Currie,J.,E.Moretti.Mother's education and the intergenerational transmission of human capital:Evidence from college openings[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2003,118:1495-1532.
[3]Elbers C.,J.W.Gunning,and B.Kinsey.Growth and risk:Methodology and micro evidence[J].The World Bank Economic Review,2007,21:1-20.
[4]Giesbert,L.,S.Steiner,and M.Bendig.Participation in micro life insurance and the use of other financial services in Ghana[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2011,78:7-35.
[5]Grossman,M.The correlation between health and schooling[M].NBER Chapters,in:Household Production and Consumption,1976:147-224.
[6]Hamid,S.A.,J.Roberts,and P.Mosley.Can micro health insurance reduce poverty?Evidence from Bangladesh[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2011,78:57-82.
[7]Outreville,J.F.Life insurance markets in developing countries[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,1996:263-278.
[8]Rosenzweig,M.R.,and H.P.Binswanger.Wealth,weather risk,and the composition and profitability of agricultural investments[J].Economic Journal,1993,103:56-78.
[9]Showers,V.E.,J.A.Shotick.The effects of household characteristics on demand for insurance:A tobit analysis[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,1994,61:492-502.
[10]Ward,D.,and R.Zurbruegg,Does insurance promote economic growth?Evidence from OECD countries[J].Journal of Risk and Insurance,2000,67:489-506.
[11]Yao,Y.Development and sustainability of emerging health insurance markets:evidence from microinsurance in Pakistan[J].The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice,2013,38:160-180.
[12]曹晓兰.我国小额保险的经济学分析[J].保险研究,2009,(6):33-36.
[13]陈华.农户购买小额保险意愿影响因素研究[J].保险研究,2009,(5):51-56.
[14]初可佳,孙建.农村小额养老保险需求影响因素的实证分析[J].保险研究,2011,(7):59-68.
[15]李琼,刘丽,李畅.小额人身保险“菲律宾之经验”解析[J].保险研究,2010,(8):116-122.
[16]林熙,林义.印度农村小额保险发展经验及启示[J].保险研究,2008,(2):90-93.
[17]刘妍,卢亚娟.农村小额保险购买意愿影响因素的实证研究[J].经济理论与经济管理,2011,(5):106-112.
[18]孙健,申曙光.国外小额保险的理论及实践分析[J].南方金融,2007,(7):53-55.
[19]孙香玉.保险认知、政府公信度与农业保险需求:江苏省淮安农户农业保险支付意愿的实证检验[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008,8(1):48-54.
[20]肖弦弈.乌克兰小额保险市场需求和发展思路[J].保险研究,2008(1):91-93.
[21]徐淑芳.国外小额保险经营模式比较及其对我国的启示[J].南方经济,2008(6):65-72.
1 数据来源:《2009年全国寿险监管工作会议新闻稿之四:发挥保险保障功能服务经济社会发展》,中国保监会官方网站。
2 数据来源:国家数据库。
1因篇幅所限,此处略去问卷全文。如有需要,可来信与作者索取完整问卷。
1 在问卷设计中,家庭借款能力共有四种选项,依次为很容易、一般、不容易和不可能。访问对象中没有人表示借款很容易。
2 在问卷设计中,家庭成员健康状况共有四种选项,依次为健康、良好、不太好和不好。
1数据来源:国家数据库。