农民工的工作稳定性及其影响因素分析
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摘要
采用体面劳动调查数据,运用指标法测量当前农民工的工作稳定性状况,利用logistic回归模型探索农民工个人特征和就业特征两大方面的因素对其工作稳定性的影响,并对两个工作稳定性衡量指标及其实证分析结果进行比较。研究结果表明:农民工的工作稳定性仍需改善,个人特征因素中的年龄、性别、受教育程度、农活时长和就业特征因素中的外出务工、工作培训、工种岗位变换、工资水平及对工资的主观感受、安全事故、工伤保险、受威胁劳动、强制加班、就业歧视以及兼顾工作和生活,均是影响农民工工作稳定性的重要因素。建议:提高农民工的受教育程度,增强其技术能力;推广工资集体协商制度,提升农民工的工资水平;改善农民工的工作环境,确保其工作场所安全;保障农民工的工作权益,增加其工作和生活的平衡感;贯彻乡村振兴战略,推进农民工的创业和就业。
Based on the decent labor survey data,this paper uses the index method to measure the current status of migrant workers' job stability,and uses the logistic regression model to explore the influence of migrant workers ' personal characteristics and employment characteristics on their job stability, and makes an comparison on the two measures of job stability and their empirical analysis results. The research results show that migrant workers work still needs to improve stability,individual characteristic factors of age,gender,level of education,farm work hours and employment characteristics of migrant workers,job training,job position transformation,wages and subjective feelings,safety accident of wages,inductrial injury insurance,threatened labor,forced to work overtime,employment discrimination and balancing work and life,are important factors which influence the stability of rural workers. Based on the results of empirical research and relevant policy analysis,the policy suggestions to improve the job stability of migrant workers are as follows: improve the education level of migrant workers and enhance their technical ability; promote the system of collective wage negotiations and raise the wages of rural migrant workers; improve the working environment of migrant workers and ensure their workplace safety; protect the rights and interests of migrant workers and increase their sense of balance between work and life; follow the strategy of revitalizing rural areas and promote entrepreneurship and employment of rural migrant workers.
Based on the decent labor survey data,this paper uses the index method to measure the current status of migrant workers' job stability,and uses the logistic regression model to explore the influence of migrant workers ' personal characteristics and employment characteristics on their job stability, and makes an comparison on the two measures of job stability and their empirical analysis results. The research results show that migrant workers work still needs to improve stability,individual characteristic factors of age,gender,level of education,farm work hours and employment characteristics of migrant workers,job training,job position transformation,wages and subjective feelings,safety accident of wages,inductrial injury insurance,threatened labor,forced to work overtime,employment discrimination and balancing work and life,are important factors which influence the stability of rural workers. Based on the results of empirical research and relevant policy analysis,the policy suggestions to improve the job stability of migrant workers are as follows: improve the education level of migrant workers and enhance their technical ability; promote the system of collective wage negotiations and raise the wages of rural migrant workers; improve the working environment of migrant workers and ensure their workplace safety; protect the rights and interests of migrant workers and increase their sense of balance between work and life; follow the strategy of revitalizing rural areas and promote entrepreneurship and employment of rural migrant workers.
引文
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[12]黄乾.城市农民工的就业稳定性及其工资效应[J].人口研究,2009,33(3):53-62.
[13]张艳华,沈琴琴.农民工就业稳定性及其影响因素---基于4个城市调查基础上的实证研究[J].管理世界,2013(3):176-177.
[14]李东琴.新生代农民工就业稳定性的影响因素[J].经营与管理,2011(9):83-86.
[15]陈昭玖,艾勇波,邓莹,等.新生代农民工就业稳定性及其影响因素的实证分析[J].农林经济管理学报,2011,10(1):6-12.
[16]丁煜,林玉妹,吴晓欢.影响农民工职业稳定性的分析框架与实证研究[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2013(2):55-61.
[17]肖红梅.新型城镇化背景下新生代农民工就业稳定性研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2015.
[18]国家统计局.2016年农民工监测调查报告[EB/OL].(2017-04-28)[2018-04-28].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_1489334.html.
[19]陈成文,周静雅.论高质量就业的评价指标体系[J].山东社会科学,2014(7):37-43.
[2]王文信,徐云.农民工就业影响因素分析---对安徽阜阳农村的调查[J].农业经济问题,2008(1):85-90.
[3]人民网.胡锦涛在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告[EB/OL].(2012-11-18)[2018-04-28].http://cpc.people.com.cn/n/2012/1118/c64094-19612151.html.
[4]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利---在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告[M].北京:人民出版社,2017.
[5]新华网.中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见[EB/OL].(2018-02-04)[2018-04-28].http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-02/04/c_1122366449.htm.
[6]张玲,张洁.新生代农民工就业稳定性影响因素分析[J].科学·经济·社会,2013,31(4):87-90.
[7]IVERSON R D.An Event History Analysis of Employee Turnover:The Case of Hospital Employees in Australia[J].Human Resource Management Review,1999,9(4):397-418.
[8]ZIMMERMAN R D.Understanding the impact of personality traits on individuals’turnover decisions:A meta-analytic path model[J].Personnel Psychology,2008,61(2):309-348.
[9]POMAKI G,DELONGIS A,FREY D,et al.When the going gets tough:Direct,buffering and indirect effects of social support on turnover intention[J].Teaching&Teacher Education An International Journal of Research&Studies,2010,26(6):1340-1346.
[10]BLOMME R J,RHEEDE A V,TROMP D M.Work-family conflict as a cause for turnover intentions in the hospitality industry[J].Tourism&Hospitality Research,2010,10(4):269-285.
[11]吴海峰.我国农民工问题的现状与发展趋势[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2009(9):50-60.
[12]黄乾.城市农民工的就业稳定性及其工资效应[J].人口研究,2009,33(3):53-62.
[13]张艳华,沈琴琴.农民工就业稳定性及其影响因素---基于4个城市调查基础上的实证研究[J].管理世界,2013(3):176-177.
[14]李东琴.新生代农民工就业稳定性的影响因素[J].经营与管理,2011(9):83-86.
[15]陈昭玖,艾勇波,邓莹,等.新生代农民工就业稳定性及其影响因素的实证分析[J].农林经济管理学报,2011,10(1):6-12.
[16]丁煜,林玉妹,吴晓欢.影响农民工职业稳定性的分析框架与实证研究[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2013(2):55-61.
[17]肖红梅.新型城镇化背景下新生代农民工就业稳定性研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2015.
[18]国家统计局.2016年农民工监测调查报告[EB/OL].(2017-04-28)[2018-04-28].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_1489334.html.
[19]陈成文,周静雅.论高质量就业的评价指标体系[J].山东社会科学,2014(7):37-43.