投喂频率和投喂水平对长吻鮠幼鱼生长和免疫的影响
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摘要
为观察不同投喂频率和投喂水平对长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响,将平均体质量1. 15 g的长吻鮠饲养在水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)中,投喂频率分别为2次/d和3次/d,各投喂频率下投喂水平分别为鱼体质量的2%、4%、6%、8%和10%,每个处理组放鱼60尾,饲养为期42 d。结果显示:投喂频率为2次/d和3次/d时,试验鱼的末体质量、特定生长率与投喂水平之间存在二次相关性,两条曲线几乎重合,表明投喂频率、投喂水平对试验鱼的末体质量和特定生长率的影响是一致的;血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量在投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为4%和6%时较低;血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量在投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为4%和6%时较高;血清溶菌酶(LYS)含量在投喂水平为6%、投喂频率2次/d和3次/d时显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05)。综合生长和免疫指标,在本试验条件下,投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为6%的投喂模式更利于长吻鮠幼鱼的生长。
In order to investigate the effects of different feeding frequencies and levels on the growth and immunity of juvenile Leiocassis longirostris,Leiocassis longirostris with average body mass of 1. 15 g was raised in a cement pool( 2 m × 1 m × 1 m) at a frequency of 2 times/d and 3 times/d,respectively. The feeding levels at each feeding frequency were 2%,4%,6%,8%,and 10% of the body mass respectively; 60 fishes were placed in each treatment group and raised for 42 d. The results showed that there was a secondary correlation between the terminal body mass,specific growth rate and feeding level of the test fish at feeding frequencies of 2 times/d and 3 times/d. The two curves almost coincided,which indicated that the effects of feeding frequency and feeding level on terminal body mass and specific growth rate of the test fish were the same. The serum MDA content was lower at the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and the feeding level of 4%and 6%. The serum T-SOD content was higher at the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and the feeding level of4% and 6%. The serum LYS content was significantly higher than that of the other groups at the feeding level of 6% and the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and 3 times/d( P < 0. 05). In combination with growth and immunity indicators,under the conditions of this experiment,the feeding mode with the feeding frequency of2 times/d and feeding level of 6% was more conducive to the growth of juvenile Leiocassis longirostris.
In order to investigate the effects of different feeding frequencies and levels on the growth and immunity of juvenile Leiocassis longirostris,Leiocassis longirostris with average body mass of 1. 15 g was raised in a cement pool( 2 m × 1 m × 1 m) at a frequency of 2 times/d and 3 times/d,respectively. The feeding levels at each feeding frequency were 2%,4%,6%,8%,and 10% of the body mass respectively; 60 fishes were placed in each treatment group and raised for 42 d. The results showed that there was a secondary correlation between the terminal body mass,specific growth rate and feeding level of the test fish at feeding frequencies of 2 times/d and 3 times/d. The two curves almost coincided,which indicated that the effects of feeding frequency and feeding level on terminal body mass and specific growth rate of the test fish were the same. The serum MDA content was lower at the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and the feeding level of 4%and 6%. The serum T-SOD content was higher at the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and the feeding level of4% and 6%. The serum LYS content was significantly higher than that of the other groups at the feeding level of 6% and the feeding frequency of 2 times/d and 3 times/d( P < 0. 05). In combination with growth and immunity indicators,under the conditions of this experiment,the feeding mode with the feeding frequency of2 times/d and feeding level of 6% was more conducive to the growth of juvenile Leiocassis longirostris.
引文
[1]张国奇,周陆,张友良,等.长吻鮠鱼种池塘养殖技术初探[J].科学养鱼,2013,29(7):11-12.
[2]刘晓蕾,金丽,张耀光.盐度和p H对长吻鮠胚胎发育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(8):3422-3423.
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[12]强俊,王辉,李瑞伟,等.饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、体成分和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(4):79-83.
[13]何利君,谢小军,艾庆辉.饲喂频率对南方鲇的摄食率、生长和饲料转化效率的影响[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):103-105.
[14]仇登高,郑乐云,黄种持,等.投喂频率对流水养殖鞍带石斑鱼生长、摄食及免疫酶活力的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(7):51-57.
[15]李卓钦,刘文斌,田红艳,等.不同饲料料型及投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼生长及肌肉品质的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(6):1260-1270.
[16]丁立云,饶毅,陈文静,等.投喂频率对彭泽鲫幼鱼生长性能、形体指标和肌肉品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(19):228-231.
[17]孙晓锋,冯健,陈江虹,等.投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1677-1683.
[18]RASMUSSEN,RICHARD SKTT,OSTENFELD T H. Effect ofgrowth rate on quality traits and feed utilisation of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis)[J]. Aquaculture,2000,184(3):327-337.
[19]SUN L,CHEN H,HUANG L,et al. Growth,faecal production,nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum)relative to feed type and ration level[J]. Aquaculture,2006,259(1):211-221.
[20]罗琳,丁建中,薛敏,等.加工工艺、投喂率、投喂频率对鲫鱼生长性能及消化率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2007(5):43-46.
[21]徐革锋,刘洋,李永发,等.不同投喂率对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼生长及体成分的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(02):433-437.
[22]于赫男,林小涛,许忠能,等.投喂频次对凡纳滨对虾行为及免疫功能的影响[J].生态科学,2010,29(1):63-69.
[23]田娟,冷向军,李小勤,等.复方中草药制剂对草鱼生长性能·肌肉成分和血清非特异性免疫的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12282-12284.
[24]LDER C G,ALGNER M,LANG C,et al. Reduced expressionof the inducible nitric oxide synthase after infection withToxoplasma gondii facilitates parasite replication in activatedmurine macrophages[J]. International Journal for Parasitology,2003,33(8):833-844.
[25]陈文霞,申玉春,李再亮,等.投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫酶活力以及氮收支的影响[J].海洋科学,2013,37(9):49-53.
[26]SAURABH SHAILESH,SAHOO P K. Lysozyme:an importantdefence molecule of fish innate immune system[J]. AquacultureResearch,2010,39(3):223-239.
[2]刘晓蕾,金丽,张耀光.盐度和p H对长吻鮠胚胎发育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(8):3422-3423.
[3]柳明,朱晓鸣,雷武,等.不同饲料营养对池塘养殖长吻鮠生长性能和鱼肉品质的影响[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(3):598-610.
[4]潘贞礼,朱大世.投喂频率对网箱养殖长吻鮠幼鱼生长的影响[J].现代农业科技,2009(19):299-299.
[5] ALI O E,GNTHER K D. Studies on feeding of mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)in intensive culture[J]. Journal of AnimalPhysiology&Animal Nutrition,2010,57(1/5):67-74.
[6]刘康,王小洁,艾庆辉.饲喂频率对军曹鱼(Rachycentroncanadum)生长、摄食率和饲料转化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2010,31(12):1-3.
[7] GRAYTON B D,BEAMISH F W H. Effects of feeding frequencyon food intake,growth and body composition of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J]. Aquaculture,1977,11(2):159-172.
[8] KUBITZA F,LOVSHIN L L. Formulated diets, feedingstrategies,and cannibalism control during intensive culture ofjuvenile carnivorous fishes[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science,1999,7(1):1-22.
[9]朱晓鸣,解绶启,崔奕波.摄食水平对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(5):471-479.
[10]CUI Y,HUNG S S O,ZHU X. Effect of ration and body size onthe energy budget of juvenile white sturgeon[J]. Journal of FishBiology,2010,49(5):863-876.
[11]SILVA C R,GOMES L C,BRANDO F R. Effect of feeding rateand frequency on tambaqui(Colossoma macropomum)growth,production and feeding costs during the first growth phase incages[J]. Aquaculture,2007,264(1):135-139.
[12]强俊,王辉,李瑞伟,等.饲喂频率对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、体成分和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(4):79-83.
[13]何利君,谢小军,艾庆辉.饲喂频率对南方鲇的摄食率、生长和饲料转化效率的影响[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):103-105.
[14]仇登高,郑乐云,黄种持,等.投喂频率对流水养殖鞍带石斑鱼生长、摄食及免疫酶活力的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(7):51-57.
[15]李卓钦,刘文斌,田红艳,等.不同饲料料型及投喂频率对斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼生长及肌肉品质的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(6):1260-1270.
[16]丁立云,饶毅,陈文静,等.投喂频率对彭泽鲫幼鱼生长性能、形体指标和肌肉品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(19):228-231.
[17]孙晓锋,冯健,陈江虹,等.投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2011,35(11):1677-1683.
[18]RASMUSSEN,RICHARD SKTT,OSTENFELD T H. Effect ofgrowth rate on quality traits and feed utilisation of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and brook trout(Salvelinus fontinalis)[J]. Aquaculture,2000,184(3):327-337.
[19]SUN L,CHEN H,HUANG L,et al. Growth,faecal production,nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum)relative to feed type and ration level[J]. Aquaculture,2006,259(1):211-221.
[20]罗琳,丁建中,薛敏,等.加工工艺、投喂率、投喂频率对鲫鱼生长性能及消化率的影响[J].渔业现代化,2007(5):43-46.
[21]徐革锋,刘洋,李永发,等.不同投喂率对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼生长及体成分的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(02):433-437.
[22]于赫男,林小涛,许忠能,等.投喂频次对凡纳滨对虾行为及免疫功能的影响[J].生态科学,2010,29(1):63-69.
[23]田娟,冷向军,李小勤,等.复方中草药制剂对草鱼生长性能·肌肉成分和血清非特异性免疫的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12282-12284.
[24]LDER C G,ALGNER M,LANG C,et al. Reduced expressionof the inducible nitric oxide synthase after infection withToxoplasma gondii facilitates parasite replication in activatedmurine macrophages[J]. International Journal for Parasitology,2003,33(8):833-844.
[25]陈文霞,申玉春,李再亮,等.投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫酶活力以及氮收支的影响[J].海洋科学,2013,37(9):49-53.
[26]SAURABH SHAILESH,SAHOO P K. Lysozyme:an importantdefence molecule of fish innate immune system[J]. AquacultureResearch,2010,39(3):223-239.