高密度养殖池塘自动气力投饲机的设计试验
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摘要
为解决池塘高密度养殖过程中的投饲机承载量小、投饲不均匀、投饲范围小、饲料利用率低等问题,提出一种基于气体输送原理的自动投饲机。根据其工作原理,对投饲机的供料系统、输送系统、抛料系统和控制系统进行了设计与分析,采用气力作为供料能源,管道作为输送机构,撒料盘作为抛料机构,西门子S7-200PLC作为系统控制单元。结果显示,该自动投饲机能同时满足6个池塘的投喂,并能单独控制,满足池塘的投饲需求;投饲距离达20 m,平均投饲速度400 kg/h,破碎率低于0.9%,基本满足设计要求。与传统池塘投饲机相比,该投饲机具有结构简单、操作方便,饲料不易破碎、饲料利用率高等特点,并可实现对投饲量精确调节与控制。
In order to solve the problems of traditional feeding machines in highly intensive aquaculture,such as small loading capacity,feeding unevenness,limited feeding range and low feed utilization rate,etc.,an automatic feeding machine was proposed based on the principle of gas transmission. According to the working principle,the following aspects were designed and analyzed including the feeder system,material conveying system,feed spreading system and the control system,respectively using pneumatic energy as the driving force,pipeline as the conveying mechanism,spreading plate as the feeding mechanism,and SIEMENS S7- 200 PLC as the control unit of the device. The experiment results showed that,the feeding system could simultaneously satisfy the feeding need of 6 ponds,and could control each pond individually to meet the different feeding demands; the feeding distance could reach 20 m,with an average feeding rate of 400 kg / h,and a broken rate of lower than 0. 9%. The system has basically me the design requirements. Compared with conventional feeing machines,this automatic feeding machine is simply structured,convenient in operation,causing few crushing,making high utilization of feed,and can realize the precise adjustment and control of feeding amount.
In order to solve the problems of traditional feeding machines in highly intensive aquaculture,such as small loading capacity,feeding unevenness,limited feeding range and low feed utilization rate,etc.,an automatic feeding machine was proposed based on the principle of gas transmission. According to the working principle,the following aspects were designed and analyzed including the feeder system,material conveying system,feed spreading system and the control system,respectively using pneumatic energy as the driving force,pipeline as the conveying mechanism,spreading plate as the feeding mechanism,and SIEMENS S7- 200 PLC as the control unit of the device. The experiment results showed that,the feeding system could simultaneously satisfy the feeding need of 6 ponds,and could control each pond individually to meet the different feeding demands; the feeding distance could reach 20 m,with an average feeding rate of 400 kg / h,and a broken rate of lower than 0. 9%. The system has basically me the design requirements. Compared with conventional feeing machines,this automatic feeding machine is simply structured,convenient in operation,causing few crushing,making high utilization of feed,and can realize the precise adjustment and control of feeding amount.
引文
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[15]郭根喜,庄保陆.基于PLC的远程气力输送自动投饲控制系统的设计与实现[J].南方水产,2008,4(6):7-46.
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[18]李勇,朱秀苹.负压与低压压送气力输送系统的能耗分析[J].硫磷设计与粉体工程,2009(2):23-26.
[19]高翔.气力投饲机在网箱养殖中的应用[J].科学养鱼,2015(11):75-76.
[20]黄石茂.螺旋输送机输送机理及其主要参数的确定[J].广东造纸,1998(3):27-31.
[2]汪万里,陈军.新型对虾养殖投饲装置研究[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(4):365-366,376.
[3]陈晓龙,陈军,唐荣,等.对虾船载投饲机的研制[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(1):152-160.
[4]徐皓.我国渔业机械化之发展与展望[J].渔业现代化,2009,20(4):5-8.
[5]李振安.池塘投饲机生产中的问题与选用[J].中国水产,1998(10):43.
[6]袁凯,庄保陆,倪琦,等.室内工厂化水产养殖自动投饲系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):169-176.
[7]袁凯.投饲机器人关键技术研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[8]唐荣,邹海生,汤涛林,等.自动投饲船及其测控系统的设计与开发[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(6):30-35.
[9]NIKOS P,PAPAIOANNOU D,DIVANACH P.An automated feeding system for intensive hatcheries[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2002,26(1):13-26.
[10]CHANGC M,FANG W,JAO R C,et al.Development of an intelligent feeding controller for indoor intensive culturing of eel[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2005,32:343-353.
[11]AARSETH K A,PEREZ V,BEJ K,et al.Reliable pneumatic conveying of fish feed[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2006,35(11):14-25.
[12]PAPANDROULAKIS N,DIM ITRIS P,PASCAL D.An automated feeding system for intensive hatcheries[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2002,26(1):13-26.
[13]王志勇,谌志新,江涛.集中式自动投饲系统的研制[J].渔业现代化,2011,38(1):46-49.
[14]王永鼎,王岩.投饲范围可控的自动投饵机研究[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(4):45-48.
[15]郭根喜,庄保陆.基于PLC的远程气力输送自动投饲控制系统的设计与实现[J].南方水产,2008,4(6):7-46.
[16]周晓林,姬广闻.网箱养鱼自动投饲机的设计与应用[J].淡水渔业,2003(3):36-37.
[17]宋协法,路士森.深水网箱投饵机设计与试验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(3):405-409.
[18]李勇,朱秀苹.负压与低压压送气力输送系统的能耗分析[J].硫磷设计与粉体工程,2009(2):23-26.
[19]高翔.气力投饲机在网箱养殖中的应用[J].科学养鱼,2015(11):75-76.
[20]黄石茂.螺旋输送机输送机理及其主要参数的确定[J].广东造纸,1998(3):27-31.