台湾青年运动抗争政治的“媒戏化模式”——大数据视域下的台湾学生“反课纲”运动
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摘要
台湾青年运动一直属于表演型抗争政治,形成一种以戏剧化的思维与媒体化的逻辑组织实施政治抗争的"媒戏模式"。大数据显示,认同性议题与事件性议题联手让台湾反课纲运动高居2015年度台湾舆论场的口碑榜首。论文围绕新闻发布与戏剧行动、新闻人物与戏剧角色、前台与后台、演员与观众、议题与剧情等关系框架,对台湾"反课纲运动"进行大数据分析,发现英雄、敌人、牺牲者形象是青年运动的标配,媒介不仅是青年运动的传播工具,也是其表演舞台,甚至是组织机构。抗争舞台一定程度上决定了青年运动的规模、形式、甚至性质,而从抗争剧目可以看出不同的青年运动之间的关联,甚至可以预测未来青年运动的走向。抗争政治如果不是以推翻体制为诉求,很容易采取"媒戏模式",深入研究"媒戏模式",可以更好地把握台湾青年运动的发展规律。
Taiwan's youth movements have all the time been an interesting form of contentious politics, featuring an intriguing fad in which social media and dramatization/self-dramatization complement each other to produce a desired theatrical effect. Big data shows Anti-Curriculum Changes Protest, dramatically accentuated by a mishmash of sensitive identity issue and other sociopolitical topics, became an exclusive "story" drawing enormous attention to itself in 2015. The paper focuses primarily on the Anti-Curriculum Changes Protest, investigating into the complex relationship between news publishing/updates and drama action, news characters and drama roles, front stage and back stage, actors and audience, issues and plots, and so forth. Using big data and analytics, the paper finds that activists in this youth movement were intentionally presented as heroes, enemies, and victims, who have become kind of configuration guides for contentious politics like this. The role of media is three-fold. It is primarily a channel for articulating messages and ideas. It can also function as a platform for mediating theatrical performance. It may even serve as kind of agency to sponsor/organize activities.The way it operates shapes up, to some extent, the scale and the form of youth movements. Sometimes, it can also affect its nature. Examining the "repertoire" of the youth movement in question reveals the underlying connections among various youth movements, and also points to possible new directions of youth movements in general. If contentious politics was not to overthrow the establishment, it may very well easily slide into the so-called the "media-drama mode". An in-depth study of the "media-drama mode" is therefore important for a fuller understanding of various stages of development in Taiwan's youth movements.
Taiwan's youth movements have all the time been an interesting form of contentious politics, featuring an intriguing fad in which social media and dramatization/self-dramatization complement each other to produce a desired theatrical effect. Big data shows Anti-Curriculum Changes Protest, dramatically accentuated by a mishmash of sensitive identity issue and other sociopolitical topics, became an exclusive "story" drawing enormous attention to itself in 2015. The paper focuses primarily on the Anti-Curriculum Changes Protest, investigating into the complex relationship between news publishing/updates and drama action, news characters and drama roles, front stage and back stage, actors and audience, issues and plots, and so forth. Using big data and analytics, the paper finds that activists in this youth movement were intentionally presented as heroes, enemies, and victims, who have become kind of configuration guides for contentious politics like this. The role of media is three-fold. It is primarily a channel for articulating messages and ideas. It can also function as a platform for mediating theatrical performance. It may even serve as kind of agency to sponsor/organize activities.The way it operates shapes up, to some extent, the scale and the form of youth movements. Sometimes, it can also affect its nature. Examining the "repertoire" of the youth movement in question reveals the underlying connections among various youth movements, and also points to possible new directions of youth movements in general. If contentious politics was not to overthrow the establishment, it may very well easily slide into the so-called the "media-drama mode". An in-depth study of the "media-drama mode" is therefore important for a fuller understanding of various stages of development in Taiwan's youth movements.
引文
[1[]美]加布力埃尔·A·阿尔蒙德、西德尼·维巴著,马殿军等译:《公民文化》,杭州:浙江人民出版社,1989年版。
[2][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第18页。
[3][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第56页。
[4][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第62页。
[5][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第40页。
[6]偶发艺术(Happening Art),一种戏剧与舞蹈混合的演剧形式》,由业余艺术家表演的抽象戏剧,盛行于20世纪50年代的日本与美国,表演者都是美术家而非演员。
[7]陈信行:《从野百合到野草莓20年台湾青年学运反思》,《南风窗》,2009年第10期,第39-40页。
[8]陈信行:《从野百合到野草莓20年台湾青年学运反思》,《南风窗》,2009年第10期,第40页。
[9]邹振东:《台湾舆论议题与政治文化变迁》,北京:九州出版社,2014年8月第1版。第253页。
[10]邹振东、任振华、程佳佳、王宇瑾、吴佳敏:《大数据视域下的2015年台湾网络舆论场》,《台湾研究集刊》,2016年第6期。第29页。
[11]将新闻内文透过Text Miner技术取出人物名称,再建构新闻人物网络图,并且透过逐步降低权重值,观察重要关键人物网络的发展模式,文字的大小表征曝光量的多寡。
[12]依争议层面将网友讨论的争议类别分为“程序黑箱”以及“意识形态”,分别由多组关键字词定义其范围。程序黑箱的关键字词是:黑箱、违法、程序、合法、透明、审查委员、审查成员、审核名单。意识形态的关键字词是:意识形态、大中华、中国化、大中国、皇民、台独、亲中、卖台、统派、媚中、仇日、洗脑、史观、慰安妇、日本、窜改、郑氏、明郑、明朝、日治、殖民、荷西、光复、鸦片、五四运动、麻荳、清廷。
[13]蔡一村,陈超,《角色与惯习——“3·18反服贸运动”中的多元运动者》,《台湾研究集刊》,2017年第3期。
[14]吴中杰:《史上最大学运推手:免费网络工具》,http://www.dgnet.com.tw/articleview.php?article_id=23383&issue_id=4617&product_id=1095&sub_id=116
[15]Clifford Geertz,Agricultural Involution:The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia,pp.80-82.
[2][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第18页。
[3][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第56页。
[4][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第62页。
[5][美]查尔斯·蒂利、西德尼·塔罗,李义中译:《抗争政治》,南京:译林出版社,2010年版,第40页。
[6]偶发艺术(Happening Art),一种戏剧与舞蹈混合的演剧形式》,由业余艺术家表演的抽象戏剧,盛行于20世纪50年代的日本与美国,表演者都是美术家而非演员。
[7]陈信行:《从野百合到野草莓20年台湾青年学运反思》,《南风窗》,2009年第10期,第39-40页。
[8]陈信行:《从野百合到野草莓20年台湾青年学运反思》,《南风窗》,2009年第10期,第40页。
[9]邹振东:《台湾舆论议题与政治文化变迁》,北京:九州出版社,2014年8月第1版。第253页。
[10]邹振东、任振华、程佳佳、王宇瑾、吴佳敏:《大数据视域下的2015年台湾网络舆论场》,《台湾研究集刊》,2016年第6期。第29页。
[11]将新闻内文透过Text Miner技术取出人物名称,再建构新闻人物网络图,并且透过逐步降低权重值,观察重要关键人物网络的发展模式,文字的大小表征曝光量的多寡。
[12]依争议层面将网友讨论的争议类别分为“程序黑箱”以及“意识形态”,分别由多组关键字词定义其范围。程序黑箱的关键字词是:黑箱、违法、程序、合法、透明、审查委员、审查成员、审核名单。意识形态的关键字词是:意识形态、大中华、中国化、大中国、皇民、台独、亲中、卖台、统派、媚中、仇日、洗脑、史观、慰安妇、日本、窜改、郑氏、明郑、明朝、日治、殖民、荷西、光复、鸦片、五四运动、麻荳、清廷。
[13]蔡一村,陈超,《角色与惯习——“3·18反服贸运动”中的多元运动者》,《台湾研究集刊》,2017年第3期。
[14]吴中杰:《史上最大学运推手:免费网络工具》,http://www.dgnet.com.tw/articleview.php?article_id=23383&issue_id=4617&product_id=1095&sub_id=116
[15]Clifford Geertz,Agricultural Involution:The Process of Ecological Change in Indonesia,pp.80-82.