专用缓释肥结合延缓收获对夏玉米产量的调控效应
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摘要
以玉米品种登海605为供试材料,以鲁西南当地农民习惯模式(习惯施肥和习惯收获时间,模式A)为对照,探析专用缓释肥+农民习惯收获时间(模式B)、专用缓释肥+延缓收获时间至10月10日(模式C)和专用缓释肥+延缓收获时间至10月18日(模式D)4种处理模式对该地区夏玉米产量的调控效应。结果表明,与模式A相比,模式B可使玉米增产2.1%～27.0%,平均增产14.2%,产量增加主要原因是施用专用缓释肥增加了穗粒数,并且在玉米晚播条件下(6月25日)也可增加千粒重;模式C的产量较模式A和模式B分别平均提高24.7%和16.0%,模式D的产量较模式C降低13.3%。本研究结果显示,专用缓释肥结合适时晚收(10月10日)适宜在鲁南夏玉米种植区推广应用。
The maize cultivar Denghai 605 was used as material to study the effects of four different treatment patterns on the grain yield of summer maize in southwest Shandong Province. The four treatment patterns were as follows: conventional fertilizer application and harvest time(mode A), combination of special slow-release fertilizer and conventional harvest time(mode B), combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 10(mode C), and combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 18(mode D). The results showed that compared with mode A, the grain yield increased by 2.1%～27.0% with the mean as 14.2% under mode B. The main reasons for the increase in yield under mode B were the increase of kernel number per ear by special slow-release fertilizer which could also increase the 1 000-kernel weight under late sowing on June 25. Mode C resulted in a 24.7% and 16.0% of increases in the average yield compared with mode A and B, respectively. Mode D, however, resulted in a 13.3% of decrease in yield compared with mode C. All the results suggested that the combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 10(mode C) was more suitable for popularization and application in summer maize area of southwest Shandong Province.
The maize cultivar Denghai 605 was used as material to study the effects of four different treatment patterns on the grain yield of summer maize in southwest Shandong Province. The four treatment patterns were as follows: conventional fertilizer application and harvest time(mode A), combination of special slow-release fertilizer and conventional harvest time(mode B), combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 10(mode C), and combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 18(mode D). The results showed that compared with mode A, the grain yield increased by 2.1%～27.0% with the mean as 14.2% under mode B. The main reasons for the increase in yield under mode B were the increase of kernel number per ear by special slow-release fertilizer which could also increase the 1 000-kernel weight under late sowing on June 25. Mode C resulted in a 24.7% and 16.0% of increases in the average yield compared with mode A and B, respectively. Mode D, however, resulted in a 13.3% of decrease in yield compared with mode C. All the results suggested that the combination of special slow-release fertilizer and delayed harvest on October 10(mode C) was more suitable for popularization and application in summer maize area of southwest Shandong Province.
引文
[1] 王宜伦,李潮海,谭金芳,等.超高产夏玉米植株氮素积累特征及一次性施肥效果研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3151-3158.
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[7] 杨岩,谭德水,江丽华,等.黄淮海夏玉米一次性施肥技术效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3909-3919.
[8] 郭金金,张富仓,王海东,等.不同施氮量下缓释氮肥与尿素掺混对玉米生长与氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(20):3930-3943.
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[11] 何萍,金继运.不同专用肥对玉米养分吸收和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):117-120.
[12] 卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):209-215.
[13] 易镇邪,王璞,陈平平,等.氮肥类型对夏玉米氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):472-478.
[14] 王宜伦,白由路,谭金芳,等.采用粒片状肥料实现夏玉米一次施肥的可行性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):1126-1132.
[15] 张学林,王群,赵亚丽,等.施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.
[16] 董秀春,郭延习,李鹏,等.鲁西南地区夏玉米适宜播期及收获期研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(9):21,23.
[17] 郝明德,谢永生,鲍艳杰,等.黄土区不同熟制玉米延收增产技术研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):57-60.
[18] 周宝元,王志敏,岳阳,等.冬小麦-夏玉米与双季玉米种植模式产量及光温资源利用特征比较[J].作物学报,2015,41(9):1393-1405.
[19] 刘少坤,贾春兰,唐世伟,等.晚收对不同熟期夏玉米产量的调控效应[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(9):36-39.
[20] 孙克刚,和爱玲,李丙奇,等.控释尿素和普通尿素在夏玉米上的应用效果比较[J].河南农业科学,2008(12):61-63.
[21] 王宜伦,卢艳丽,刘举,等.专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):29-32.
[22] 李洪梅,白洪立,王西芝,等.不同收获时期对夏直播玉米产量影响的试验[J].农业科技通讯,2008(6):80-82.
[2] 李少昆,王崇桃.玉米生产科技农民需求调研报告[J/OL].玉米通讯,2006.http://chinamaize.com.cn/tishengxd/2006ku/2005-7714.htm.
[3] 杨俊刚,高强,曹兵,等.一次性施肥对春玉米产量和环境效应的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(19):123-128.
[4] 江丽华,谭德水,李子双,等.黄淮海平原夏玉米一次性施肥肥料产品的筛选与产量效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3876-3886.
[5] 刘兆辉,吴小宾,谭德水,等.一次性施肥在我国主要粮食作物中的应用与环境效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3827-3839.
[6] 王宜伦,李潮海,王瑾,等.缓/控释肥在玉米生产中的应用与展望[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):254-257.
[7] 杨岩,谭德水,江丽华,等.黄淮海夏玉米一次性施肥技术效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3909-3919.
[8] 郭金金,张富仓,王海东,等.不同施氮量下缓释氮肥与尿素掺混对玉米生长与氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(20):3930-3943.
[9] Guo J M,Wang Y H,Blaylock A D,et al.Mixture of controlled release and normal urea to optimize nitrogen management for high-yielding (>15mg/ha) maize[J].Field Crops Research,2017,204:23-30.
[10] 王海标,张博,常凤,等.包膜尿素与普通尿素配施减氮对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2018,20(7):98-104.
[11] 何萍,金继运.不同专用肥对玉米养分吸收和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):117-120.
[12] 卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):209-215.
[13] 易镇邪,王璞,陈平平,等.氮肥类型对夏玉米氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):472-478.
[14] 王宜伦,白由路,谭金芳,等.采用粒片状肥料实现夏玉米一次施肥的可行性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):1126-1132.
[15] 张学林,王群,赵亚丽,等.施氮水平和收获时期对夏玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2565-2572.
[16] 董秀春,郭延习,李鹏,等.鲁西南地区夏玉米适宜播期及收获期研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(9):21,23.
[17] 郝明德,谢永生,鲍艳杰,等.黄土区不同熟制玉米延收增产技术研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):57-60.
[18] 周宝元,王志敏,岳阳,等.冬小麦-夏玉米与双季玉米种植模式产量及光温资源利用特征比较[J].作物学报,2015,41(9):1393-1405.
[19] 刘少坤,贾春兰,唐世伟,等.晚收对不同熟期夏玉米产量的调控效应[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(9):36-39.
[20] 孙克刚,和爱玲,李丙奇,等.控释尿素和普通尿素在夏玉米上的应用效果比较[J].河南农业科学,2008(12):61-63.
[21] 王宜伦,卢艳丽,刘举,等.专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):29-32.
[22] 李洪梅,白洪立,王西芝,等.不同收获时期对夏直播玉米产量影响的试验[J].农业科技通讯,2008(6):80-82.