复合木霉菌制剂防治草莓苗枯萎病的研究
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摘要
将木霉(Trichoderma spp.)菌株Tr14、T r25、T r85分别制成含2×10 8 g-1孢子的单菌株、双菌株(Tr14+Tr25;Tr14+Tr85;T r25+Tr85)或三菌株(Tr14+Tr25+Tr85,T M3)复合可湿性粉剂(WP),用于防治草莓枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.fra-gariae)的室内药效生测试验。结果表明:经TM3 WP 200倍,30%精甲?噁霉灵WP 1 500倍以及Tr14+Tr85双菌株复合WP处理的草莓苗,在发病率(IOD,%)和防治效果(ERDC,%)上,无显著差异,但它们(IDO/ERDC)都显著地低于(P≤0.05)或高于(P≤0.05)经单菌株200倍、其他双菌株复合WP 200倍、以及空白对照处理的草莓苗。继续将TM3 WP分别用于2016、2017年上海、北京、福建和重庆的两年四地的田间药效试验。结果显示,经TM3 WP 100、200倍、以及30%精甲?噁霉灵1 500倍处理的草莓苗,其两年四地的IOD值和ERDC值,都显著地低于(P≤0.05)或高于(P≤0.05)经TM3 WP 400倍、枯草芽孢杆菌1 000倍、以及空白对照处理的草莓苗。
A wettable powder(WP) formulation with single,2 or 3 combined strains of Trichoderma spp.(Tr14,Tr25,Tr85) was made and used for an indoor and field bioassays to test their efficacy on strawberry wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fra-gariae.The results of the indoor bioassay showed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of the disease(IOD,%) and the efficacy rate of disease control(ERDC,%) over the strawberry seedlings treated with 3 combined strains(Tr14+Tr25+Tr85,TM3) WP 200 T,30% carbendazim WP 1 500 T and 2 combined strain(Tr14+Tr85) WP 200 T.However,they were significantly(P≤0.05)lower(IOD,%) or higher(ERDC,%),respectively,than those treated with single strain WP 200 T,other 2 combined strains WP 200 T and blank control.TM3 WP continued to be used for field efficacy trials in Shanghai,Beijing,Fujian and Chongqing in 2016 and 2017,respectively.The results showed that the values of IOD and ERDC of the strawberry seedlings treated with TM3 WP at 100 T,200 T and 50%carbendazim WP 1 500 T were significantly(P≤0.05)lower or higher,respectively,than those treated with TM3 WP 400 T,bacillus subtilis 1 000 T and blank control.
A wettable powder(WP) formulation with single,2 or 3 combined strains of Trichoderma spp.(Tr14,Tr25,Tr85) was made and used for an indoor and field bioassays to test their efficacy on strawberry wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fra-gariae.The results of the indoor bioassay showed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of the disease(IOD,%) and the efficacy rate of disease control(ERDC,%) over the strawberry seedlings treated with 3 combined strains(Tr14+Tr25+Tr85,TM3) WP 200 T,30% carbendazim WP 1 500 T and 2 combined strain(Tr14+Tr85) WP 200 T.However,they were significantly(P≤0.05)lower(IOD,%) or higher(ERDC,%),respectively,than those treated with single strain WP 200 T,other 2 combined strains WP 200 T and blank control.TM3 WP continued to be used for field efficacy trials in Shanghai,Beijing,Fujian and Chongqing in 2016 and 2017,respectively.The results showed that the values of IOD and ERDC of the strawberry seedlings treated with TM3 WP at 100 T,200 T and 50%carbendazim WP 1 500 T were significantly(P≤0.05)lower or higher,respectively,than those treated with TM3 WP 400 T,bacillus subtilis 1 000 T and blank control.
引文
[1]杨焕青,王开运,范昆,等.草莓枯萎病菌的生物学特性及7种杀菌剂对其抑制作用[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(2):169-174.
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[9]贺字典,高玉峰.生防菌在植物病害防治中的研究进展[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2003,17(2):56-59.
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[11]陈宏州,庄义庆,杨敬辉.黄麻链霉菌NF0919菌株对草莓枯萎病的生防活性初探[J].江西农业学报,2014(11):54-57.
[12]伊海静,陈艳等.草莓枯萎病菌的分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(4):626-635.
[13]杨炜华,刘开启.苹果轮纹病菌对多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵的抗药性测定[J].植物保护学报,2002,29(2):191.
[14]冯玉龙,阳丽,王银定,等.草莓病害生物防治初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1999,22(3):59-61.
[15]徐淑华,蒋继志,姚克文,等.两株拮抗细菌对草莓根腐病的抑制作用[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(3):81-83.
[16]Porras M,Barrau C,Romero F.Effects of soil solarization and Trichoderma on strawberry production[J].Crop Protection,2007,26:782-787.
[17]Mao W L,Lunsden R D,Lewis J A,et al Seed treatment using pre-infiltration and biocontrol agents to reduce damping-off of corncaused by species of Pythium and Fusarium[J].Plant Disease,1998,82:294-299.
[18]宋志伟,陈世昌,王小琳,等.复合微生物制剂对重茬草莓生长及产量品质的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):560-562.
[19]Vosatka M,Gryndler M,Prikryl Z,et al.Effect of rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas putida,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and substrate composition on the growth of strawberry[J].Agronomie,1992(12):859-863.
[20]王承芳,陈娟,旷文丰,等.复合木霉菌制剂防治葡萄灰霉病的效果研究[J].生物灾害科学,2015,38(4):333-338.
[21]陈志谊,刘邮洲,刘永锋,等.拮抗细菌菌株之间的互作关系及其对生物防治效果的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(6):539-544.
[2]郝保春.草莓生产技术大全[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[3]马宝红,甄文超,曹克强,等.VAM真菌对草莓促生、防草莓黄萎病效应初探[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,7(4):71-73.
[4]刘跃庭,罗加凤,宋旭,等.检疫性真菌草莓枯萎病菌概述[J].植物检疫,2013,27(6):72-75.
[5]Suga H,Hirayama Y,Morishima M,et al.Development of PCR primers to identify Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragariae[J].Plant Disease,2013,97(5):619-625.
[6]吉沐祥,杨敬辉,吴祥,等.大棚草莓主要病害发生规律与绿色防控措施[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):114-117
[7]Koike S T,Kirkpatrick S C,Groden T R.Fusarium wilt of strawberry caused by Fusarium oxysporum in California[J].Plant Disease,2009,93(10):1077-1077.
[8]糜林,杨金辉,霍恒志,等.土壤高温还原消毒法克服草莓黄萎病试验[J].江苏农业科学,2010,38(5):179-180.
[9]贺字典,高玉峰.生防菌在植物病害防治中的研究进展[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2003,17(2):56-59.
[10]Ji M X,Yao K B,Li G P,et al.Control effects of bacillus subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone and in combination against Fusarium oxysporum[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2014.
[11]陈宏州,庄义庆,杨敬辉.黄麻链霉菌NF0919菌株对草莓枯萎病的生防活性初探[J].江西农业学报,2014(11):54-57.
[12]伊海静,陈艳等.草莓枯萎病菌的分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(4):626-635.
[13]杨炜华,刘开启.苹果轮纹病菌对多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵的抗药性测定[J].植物保护学报,2002,29(2):191.
[14]冯玉龙,阳丽,王银定,等.草莓病害生物防治初探[J].河北农业大学学报,1999,22(3):59-61.
[15]徐淑华,蒋继志,姚克文,等.两株拮抗细菌对草莓根腐病的抑制作用[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(3):81-83.
[16]Porras M,Barrau C,Romero F.Effects of soil solarization and Trichoderma on strawberry production[J].Crop Protection,2007,26:782-787.
[17]Mao W L,Lunsden R D,Lewis J A,et al Seed treatment using pre-infiltration and biocontrol agents to reduce damping-off of corncaused by species of Pythium and Fusarium[J].Plant Disease,1998,82:294-299.
[18]宋志伟,陈世昌,王小琳,等.复合微生物制剂对重茬草莓生长及产量品质的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):560-562.
[19]Vosatka M,Gryndler M,Prikryl Z,et al.Effect of rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas putida,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and substrate composition on the growth of strawberry[J].Agronomie,1992(12):859-863.
[20]王承芳,陈娟,旷文丰,等.复合木霉菌制剂防治葡萄灰霉病的效果研究[J].生物灾害科学,2015,38(4):333-338.
[21]陈志谊,刘邮洲,刘永锋,等.拮抗细菌菌株之间的互作关系及其对生物防治效果的影响[J].植物病理学报,2005,35(6):539-544.