瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗对枯萎病的抗性综合评价
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摘要
【目的】分析不同瓠瓜砧木西瓜嫁接苗对西瓜枯萎病的抗性表现及生长、生理指标差异,确立评价抗病性关键指标,为筛选砧用瓠瓜及抗病育种提供参考。【方法】选用6份不同类型的瓠瓜(H04、H05、H07、H10、H0405和H1004)为砧木嫁接西瓜栽培品种,以西瓜栽培品种自根嫁接苗为对照,采用苗期人工接种尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型2号生理小种鉴定瓠瓜砧木嫁接苗的抗病性,测定嫁接苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶片叶面积、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)及叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生长、生理指标,采用隶属函数法综合评价不同瓠瓜砧木嫁接苗对枯萎病的抗性。【结果】不同瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗对枯萎病的抗性表现不同,砧木H0405和H04的嫁接苗表现高抗,其最大叶片叶面积和叶绿素SPAD值最高,株高和茎粗增长较快,叶片POD活性显著高于自根嫁接苗(P<0.05,下同),MDA含量显著低于自根嫁接苗。以生长、生理指标的隶属函数值综合评价不同类型瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗的抗病性,排序结果与按株高、最大叶片叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值的大小排序和以病情指数鉴定抗病性的结果基本相同。【结论】瓠瓜高代自交系H04可作为抗西瓜枯萎病的砧用瓠瓜育种资源,其杂种一代H0405可作为抗西瓜枯萎病的优良砧木。通过测定嫁接苗的株高、最大叶片叶面积和叶绿素SPAD值可快速评价嫁接苗对西瓜枯萎病的抗病性强弱。
【Objective】In the present study,resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on different bottle gourd stocks to watermelon fusarium wilt and the differences in growth and physiological indexes were analyzed,key indexes for evaluating disease resistance were established,in order to offer reference for selecting bottle gourd stocks and resistant variety breeding.【Method】Grafting watermelon seedlings on six different bottle gourd stock types(H04,H05,H07,H10,H0405 and H1004)were taken as materials,and self-grafted watermelon seedlings were used as control.Disease resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on bottle gourd stock was identified through inoculation of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.niveum on grafting seedlings.Plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf peroxidase(POD)activity,and leaf malondialdehyde(MDA)content of grafting watermelon seedlings were determined.Resistance of different grafting seedlings to watermelon fusarium wilt was evaluated by subordinate function.【Result】Different grafting seedlings presented different resistance performance to watermelon fusarium wilt.The seedlings grafting on H0405 and H04showed high resistance.These seedlings had the largest maximum leaf area and highest SPAD value.The growth of plant height and stem diameter was fast.Leaf POD activity of the seedlings was significantly higher than that of self-grafted watermelon seedlings yet MDA content was significantly lower than that of self-grafted watermelon seedlings(P<0.05).Subordinate function based on growth and physiological indexes was adopted to comprehensively evaluate disease resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on different bottle gourd stocks.The results were in accordance with the results based on rank of plant height,maximum leaf area,SPAD value and disease index.【Conclusion】High generation inbred line H04 can be breeding resource of bottle gourd as stocks with high resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.Its first generation of hybrid H0405can be good stock for watermelon with high disease resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.Height,maximum leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of grafting seedlings can be useful indexes to evaluate resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.
【Objective】In the present study,resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on different bottle gourd stocks to watermelon fusarium wilt and the differences in growth and physiological indexes were analyzed,key indexes for evaluating disease resistance were established,in order to offer reference for selecting bottle gourd stocks and resistant variety breeding.【Method】Grafting watermelon seedlings on six different bottle gourd stock types(H04,H05,H07,H10,H0405 and H1004)were taken as materials,and self-grafted watermelon seedlings were used as control.Disease resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on bottle gourd stock was identified through inoculation of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.niveum on grafting seedlings.Plant height,stem diameter,maximum leaf area,leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf peroxidase(POD)activity,and leaf malondialdehyde(MDA)content of grafting watermelon seedlings were determined.Resistance of different grafting seedlings to watermelon fusarium wilt was evaluated by subordinate function.【Result】Different grafting seedlings presented different resistance performance to watermelon fusarium wilt.The seedlings grafting on H0405 and H04showed high resistance.These seedlings had the largest maximum leaf area and highest SPAD value.The growth of plant height and stem diameter was fast.Leaf POD activity of the seedlings was significantly higher than that of self-grafted watermelon seedlings yet MDA content was significantly lower than that of self-grafted watermelon seedlings(P<0.05).Subordinate function based on growth and physiological indexes was adopted to comprehensively evaluate disease resistance of grafting watermelon seedlings on different bottle gourd stocks.The results were in accordance with the results based on rank of plant height,maximum leaf area,SPAD value and disease index.【Conclusion】High generation inbred line H04 can be breeding resource of bottle gourd as stocks with high resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.Its first generation of hybrid H0405can be good stock for watermelon with high disease resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.Height,maximum leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value)of grafting seedlings can be useful indexes to evaluate resistance to watermelon fusarium wilt.
引文
别之龙.2011.我国西瓜甜瓜嫁接育苗产业发展现状和对策[J].中国瓜菜,24(2):68-71.Bie Z L.2011.Development situation and strategies of watermelon and muskmelon grafting seedlings in China[J].China Cucurbits and Vegetables,24(2):68-71.
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但忠,苏银玲,木万福,袁建民,杨龙,李易.2013.欧洲型黄瓜耐热性综合评价及耐热种质的筛选[J].北方园艺,(22):49-52.Dan Z,Su Y L,Mu W F,Yuan J M,Yang L,Li Y.2013.Comprehensive evaluation and selection of heat tolerant germplasm in europ-type cucumber[J].Northern Horticulture,(22):49-52.
华斌,李静,亢敏,别之龙.2010.不同生理苗龄西瓜断根嫁接苗生长和生理特性的研究[J].长江蔬菜,(8):55-58.Hua B,Li J,Kang M,Bie Z L.2010.Effects of seedling age on the growth and physiological characteristics of graftedwatermelon seedlings[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(8):55-58.
贾云鹤,王喜庆,尤海波,刘力勇.2009.嫁接对西瓜幼苗生长、生理抗性、产量和品质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,(3):26-27.Jia Y H,Wang X Q,You H B,Liu L Y.2009.Effects of grafting on watermelon seedlings in growth,physiological resistance,yield and quality[J].China Cucurbits and Vegetables,(3):26-27.
李修宝,任宝云,蒋学杰.2015.嫁接对西瓜性状、抗病性及产量的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,(11):46-47.Li X B,Ren B Y,Jiang X J.2015.Effects of grafting on traits,disease resistance and yield of watermelon[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,(11):46-47.
刘成静.2010.嫁接西瓜对根结线虫和温度逆境的抗性机理研究[D].福州:福建农林大学.Liu C J.2010.Studies on resistance mechanism to root-knot nematode and temperature stress for grafted watermelon[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
刘广,羊杏平,侯茜,徐锦华,张曼,李苹芳.2015.2014年西瓜甜瓜砧木育种领域国内外研究进展[J].江西农业学报,27(9):11-16.Liu G,Yang X P,Hou Q,Xu J H,Zhang M,Li P F.2015.Worldwide research progresses in rootstock breeding of watermelon and muskmelon in 2014[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,27(9):11-16.
潘艳花,马忠明,吕晓东,杜少平,薛亮.2012.不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗生长和根系形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,20(5):536-541.Pan Y H,Ma Z M,LüX D,Du S P,Xue L.2012.Effects of different potassium nutrition on growth and root morphological traits of watermelon seedling[J].Chinese Journal of E-co-Agriculture,20(5):536-541.
田梅,于蓉,董瑞,刘声峰,郭松,王志强.2016.嫁接对宁夏压砂西瓜生理特性的影响[J].现代农业科技,(14):71-75.Tian M,Yu R,Dong R,Liu S F,Guo S,Wang Z Q.2016.Effect of grafting on the physiological characteristics of watermelon in Ningxia[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(14):71-75.
王汉荣,方丽,任海英,茹水江.2010.西瓜和砧木品种(系)抗枯萎病的鉴定与评价[J].北方园艺,(8):181-183.Wang H R,Fang L,Ren H Y,Ru S J.2010.Evaluation and indentification of watermelon and rootstock varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt disease[J].Northern Horticulture,(8):181-183.
王学奎,黄见良.2015.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].第3版.北京:高等教育出版社:276-282.Wang X K,Huang J L.2015.Principle and Technology of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment[M].The 3rd Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press:276-282.
吴学宏,郝京京,王红梅,高仁君.2003.西瓜枯萎病菌几种接种方法的比较试验[J].长江蔬菜,(3):38-39.Wu X H,Hao J J,Wang H M,Gao R J.2003.Inoculation methods comparison of watermelon blast fungus[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(3):38-39.
邢乃林,张蕾琛,应泉盛,黄芸萍,王毓洪.2016.嫁接对葫芦砧木及西瓜接穗甲基化水平的影响[J].江西农业学报,28(9):27-30.Xing N L,Zhang L C,Ying Q S,Huang Y P,Wang Y H.2016.Effect of grafting on DNA methylation level of calabash rootstock and watermelon scion[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(9):27-30.
徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥.2004.PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),22(1):12-16.Xu J H,Huang D F,Zhi Y E.2004.Relationship of PAL activity and transfer of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum in grafted watermelon[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),22(1):12-16.
杨冬艳,于蓉,冯海萍,曲继松,张丽娟,郭文忠.2015.不同砧木对设施嫁接西瓜生长及品质影响的综合评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,50(6):62-66.Yang D Y,Yu R,Feng H P,Qu J S,Zhang L J,Guo W Z.2015.Comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different stocks on the growth and quality of facilities grafted watermelon of different rootstocks[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,50(6):62-66.
Markhart A H I.1986.Chilling injury:A review of possible causes[J].Hot Science,21(6):1329-1333.
陈文明.2016.砧用瓠瓜种质资源多样性及抗西瓜枯萎病和南方根结线虫的研究[D].南宁:广西大学.Chen W M.2016.The study of diversity and resistance on watermelon fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode of bottle gourd root-stocks[D].Nanning:Guangxi University.
但忠,苏银玲,木万福,袁建民,杨龙,李易.2013.欧洲型黄瓜耐热性综合评价及耐热种质的筛选[J].北方园艺,(22):49-52.Dan Z,Su Y L,Mu W F,Yuan J M,Yang L,Li Y.2013.Comprehensive evaluation and selection of heat tolerant germplasm in europ-type cucumber[J].Northern Horticulture,(22):49-52.
华斌,李静,亢敏,别之龙.2010.不同生理苗龄西瓜断根嫁接苗生长和生理特性的研究[J].长江蔬菜,(8):55-58.Hua B,Li J,Kang M,Bie Z L.2010.Effects of seedling age on the growth and physiological characteristics of graftedwatermelon seedlings[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(8):55-58.
贾云鹤,王喜庆,尤海波,刘力勇.2009.嫁接对西瓜幼苗生长、生理抗性、产量和品质的影响[J].中国瓜菜,(3):26-27.Jia Y H,Wang X Q,You H B,Liu L Y.2009.Effects of grafting on watermelon seedlings in growth,physiological resistance,yield and quality[J].China Cucurbits and Vegetables,(3):26-27.
李修宝,任宝云,蒋学杰.2015.嫁接对西瓜性状、抗病性及产量的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,(11):46-47.Li X B,Ren B Y,Jiang X J.2015.Effects of grafting on traits,disease resistance and yield of watermelon[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,(11):46-47.
刘成静.2010.嫁接西瓜对根结线虫和温度逆境的抗性机理研究[D].福州:福建农林大学.Liu C J.2010.Studies on resistance mechanism to root-knot nematode and temperature stress for grafted watermelon[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
刘广,羊杏平,侯茜,徐锦华,张曼,李苹芳.2015.2014年西瓜甜瓜砧木育种领域国内外研究进展[J].江西农业学报,27(9):11-16.Liu G,Yang X P,Hou Q,Xu J H,Zhang M,Li P F.2015.Worldwide research progresses in rootstock breeding of watermelon and muskmelon in 2014[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,27(9):11-16.
潘艳花,马忠明,吕晓东,杜少平,薛亮.2012.不同供钾水平对西瓜幼苗生长和根系形态的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,20(5):536-541.Pan Y H,Ma Z M,LüX D,Du S P,Xue L.2012.Effects of different potassium nutrition on growth and root morphological traits of watermelon seedling[J].Chinese Journal of E-co-Agriculture,20(5):536-541.
田梅,于蓉,董瑞,刘声峰,郭松,王志强.2016.嫁接对宁夏压砂西瓜生理特性的影响[J].现代农业科技,(14):71-75.Tian M,Yu R,Dong R,Liu S F,Guo S,Wang Z Q.2016.Effect of grafting on the physiological characteristics of watermelon in Ningxia[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(14):71-75.
王汉荣,方丽,任海英,茹水江.2010.西瓜和砧木品种(系)抗枯萎病的鉴定与评价[J].北方园艺,(8):181-183.Wang H R,Fang L,Ren H Y,Ru S J.2010.Evaluation and indentification of watermelon and rootstock varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt disease[J].Northern Horticulture,(8):181-183.
王学奎,黄见良.2015.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].第3版.北京:高等教育出版社:276-282.Wang X K,Huang J L.2015.Principle and Technology of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment[M].The 3rd Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press:276-282.
吴学宏,郝京京,王红梅,高仁君.2003.西瓜枯萎病菌几种接种方法的比较试验[J].长江蔬菜,(3):38-39.Wu X H,Hao J J,Wang H M,Gao R J.2003.Inoculation methods comparison of watermelon blast fungus[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(3):38-39.
邢乃林,张蕾琛,应泉盛,黄芸萍,王毓洪.2016.嫁接对葫芦砧木及西瓜接穗甲基化水平的影响[J].江西农业学报,28(9):27-30.Xing N L,Zhang L C,Ying Q S,Huang Y P,Wang Y H.2016.Effect of grafting on DNA methylation level of calabash rootstock and watermelon scion[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,28(9):27-30.
徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥.2004.PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),22(1):12-16.Xu J H,Huang D F,Zhi Y E.2004.Relationship of PAL activity and transfer of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum in grafted watermelon[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),22(1):12-16.
杨冬艳,于蓉,冯海萍,曲继松,张丽娟,郭文忠.2015.不同砧木对设施嫁接西瓜生长及品质影响的综合评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,50(6):62-66.Yang D Y,Yu R,Feng H P,Qu J S,Zhang L J,Guo W Z.2015.Comprehensive evaluation of the effects of different stocks on the growth and quality of facilities grafted watermelon of different rootstocks[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,50(6):62-66.
Markhart A H I.1986.Chilling injury:A review of possible causes[J].Hot Science,21(6):1329-1333.