压砂西瓜枯萎病生防木霉菌筛选及其拮抗机制研究
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摘要
为了获得对压砂西瓜枯萎病具有生防作用的木霉菌株,从中卫香山压砂地不同作物根际土壤分离得到22株木霉,通过与西瓜枯萎病菌对峙培养,筛选出6株具有较强拮抗能力的木霉菌株,并对其发酵液抑菌活性及拮抗机制进行了研究。结果表明,6株木霉菌对枯萎病菌的抑菌率在76.92%以上,其中Ty3菌株的抑菌率最高,为83.29%,该木霉发酵液的抑菌率为84.57%,其产生的挥发性和非挥发性代谢物对病原菌的抑菌率分别为59.83%和90.60%。观察结果表明,木霉菌可通过竞争、重寄生作用及产生抗生物质等方式抑制枯萎病菌菌丝生长与扩展,显微镜下观察到木霉菌丝附着或缠绕病原菌丝上吸取营养,致使病原菌丝变形、断裂、消解。综上所述,Ty3菌株可作为压砂西瓜枯萎病生物防治的拮抗菌加以开发应用。
In order to obtain Trichoderma spp.strains for controlling Fusarium wilt of watermelon in gravel-mulched land,22 stains of Trichoderma spp.were isolated from different crop root soil in gravelmulched land of Xiangshan,Zhongwei.After co-cluture of Trichoderma spp.and the pathogen of watermelon Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum),6 stains of Trichoderma spp.with strong antagonistic ability were screened,and then the antimicrobial activity and antagonistic mechanism of its fermented broth were studied.The results showed that the inhibition rates of 6 strains of Trichoderma spp.on F.oxysporum were over 76.92%.The Ty3 strain had the highest inhibitionrate(83.29%).The inhibition rate of the fermentation broth was 84.57%,and its volatile and non-volatile metabolites had inhibition rates of 59.83% and 90.60% respectively to the pathogen.The observation results indicated that Trichoderma spp.could inhibit the mycelium growth and expansion of F.oxysporum by competition,parasitism and production of antibiotic substance.Under the light microscope,the mycelium of Trichoderma spp.attached or wrapped to the pathogen to absorb the nutrition,causing the pathogen's mycelium to deform,break and disintegrate.In conclusion,the Ty3 strain can be used as a biocontrol microorganism of watermelon Fusarium wilt in gravel-mulched land.
In order to obtain Trichoderma spp.strains for controlling Fusarium wilt of watermelon in gravel-mulched land,22 stains of Trichoderma spp.were isolated from different crop root soil in gravelmulched land of Xiangshan,Zhongwei.After co-cluture of Trichoderma spp.and the pathogen of watermelon Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum),6 stains of Trichoderma spp.with strong antagonistic ability were screened,and then the antimicrobial activity and antagonistic mechanism of its fermented broth were studied.The results showed that the inhibition rates of 6 strains of Trichoderma spp.on F.oxysporum were over 76.92%.The Ty3 strain had the highest inhibitionrate(83.29%).The inhibition rate of the fermentation broth was 84.57%,and its volatile and non-volatile metabolites had inhibition rates of 59.83% and 90.60% respectively to the pathogen.The observation results indicated that Trichoderma spp.could inhibit the mycelium growth and expansion of F.oxysporum by competition,parasitism and production of antibiotic substance.Under the light microscope,the mycelium of Trichoderma spp.attached or wrapped to the pathogen to absorb the nutrition,causing the pathogen's mycelium to deform,break and disintegrate.In conclusion,the Ty3 strain can be used as a biocontrol microorganism of watermelon Fusarium wilt in gravel-mulched land.
引文
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[14]田艳艳,赵世民,李彰,等.洛阳地区烟田土壤木霉菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用测定[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):79-84.
[15]王伟,赵谦,杨微.木霉对土传病原尖孢镰孢菌的拮抗作用[J].中国生物防治,1997(1):45-47.
[16]姚艳平,李友莲,王建明,等.木霉菌对植物病原真菌拮抗作用的研究[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):369-371.
[17]姚彦坡,吕国忠,张淑金,等.草坪镰刀枯萎病菌拮抗木霉菌的筛选及拮抗机制的研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(6):56-60.
[18]刘爱荣,陈双臣,陈凯,等.哈茨木霉对黄瓜尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用和抗性相关基因表达[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(3):249-254.
[19]庄敬华,杨长城,牟连晓,等.土壤不同处理对木霉菌定殖及其生防效果的影响[J].植物保护,2005,31(6):42-44.
[2]于蓉,刘声峰,郭守金,等.宁夏压砂瓜产业发展现状与可持续发展对策[J].中国瓜菜,2014,27(增刊):179-180.
[3]王志强,刘声锋,郭守金,等.宁夏中部干旱地区压砂瓜产业现状和发展对策研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(6):76-78,97.
[4]杨吴,杨荣华,刘娟.中宁县压砂瓜产业可持续发展问题探讨[J].蔬菜,2012(9):51-53.
[5]刘娟,杨荣华.压砂地西甜瓜新品种引进筛选试验初报[J].蔬菜,2014(4):63-65.
[6]鲍婉雪,钟川,赵文宗,等.瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗对枯萎病的抗性综合评价[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(3):441-447.
[7]王汉荣,方丽,任海英,等.西瓜枯萎病防治药剂筛选[J].植物保护,2011,37(1):150-152.
[8]徐伟慧,周岩,吴凤芝.西瓜枯萎病研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2013(8):4-11.
[9]Elad Y,Chet I,Katan J.Trichoderma harzianum,a biocontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani[J].Phytopathology,1980,70:119-121.
[10]覃柳燕,郭成林,黄素梅,等.棘孢木霉菌株PZ6对香蕉促生效应及枯萎病室内防效的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(2):277-283.
[11]赵国其,林福星.绿色木霉对西瓜苗期枯萎病的控制作用[J].浙江农业学报,1998,10(4):206-209.
[12]Sivan A,Chet I.The possible role of competition between Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum on rhizosphere colonization[J].Phytopathology,1989,79:198-203.
[13]Papavizas G C.Triochoderma and Gliocladium:Biology,ecology and potential for biocontro[J].Anna Rev Phytopathol,1985,23:23-54.
[14]田艳艳,赵世民,李彰,等.洛阳地区烟田土壤木霉菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用测定[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):79-84.
[15]王伟,赵谦,杨微.木霉对土传病原尖孢镰孢菌的拮抗作用[J].中国生物防治,1997(1):45-47.
[16]姚艳平,李友莲,王建明,等.木霉菌对植物病原真菌拮抗作用的研究[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):369-371.
[17]姚彦坡,吕国忠,张淑金,等.草坪镰刀枯萎病菌拮抗木霉菌的筛选及拮抗机制的研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(6):56-60.
[18]刘爱荣,陈双臣,陈凯,等.哈茨木霉对黄瓜尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用和抗性相关基因表达[J].植物保护学报,2010,37(3):249-254.
[19]庄敬华,杨长城,牟连晓,等.土壤不同处理对木霉菌定殖及其生防效果的影响[J].植物保护,2005,31(6):42-44.