基于模拟优化与正交试验的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源调控
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摘要
依托灌溉试验站田间降水-作物耗水-土壤水相互转化的长序列试验成果,构建灌区田间尺度水量蓄-耗-灌-排全过程的水资源模拟模块,结合系统仿真方法,建立库塘联合灌溉系统水量分配仿真模拟模型,以保障灌区基本需水(包括农村生活需水与生态环境需水)供水安全前提下的经济效益最大化为目标,运用正交试验选优原理,构建了库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控模型,形成了基于仿真模拟与正交试验优化的库塘联合灌溉系统水资源优化调控技术体系,并应用于巢湖流域大官塘水库灌区,明确了灌区合理的工程布局规格与规模,确定了适宜的节水灌溉技术模式与灌溉制度,制定了塘坝和水库科学的调度规则,提出了具有可操作性的作物种植结构调整规则,提高了灌区径流拦蓄利用率,提升了塘坝和水库年际调蓄供水能力,增强了抗旱减灾能力,为巢湖流域水库灌区综合治理、库塘联合灌区水量分配方案、水库和塘坝调度规则及作物灌溉制度等地制定提供理论依据.
Based on the long sequence test results of mutual transformation between precipitation and crop water consumption and soil water from irrigation experimental station,water simulation module of the whole process of field scale Storage-Water Consumption-Irrigation-Drainages was built. Combined with the system simulation method,the simulation rules of water allocation for different types of ponds and backbone reservoirs are formulated. Then the water distribution simulation model of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation system is established,to simulate irrigation water of diversion and pumping station,precipitation,soil water and their mutual transformation of Daguantang Reservoir irrigated area. To maximize economic efficiency as the goal under precondition of basic water irrigation water supply security. By using the principle of orthogonal test,water resources optimal regulation model of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation system is constructed. Based on the simulation and orthogonal experiment,the water resources optimization control technology system is formed. The reasonable engineering layout size and scale of the Daguantang Reservoirs irrigation district are determined. The suitable water saving irrigation technology model and irrigation system are determined. Scientific scheduling rules of bonds and reservoirs are developed. Operable rules of crop planting structure adjustment are proposed. Storing runoff utilization of irrigation district is improved. To enhance the annual water supply capacity of bonds and reservoirs and the ability of drought resistance and disaster reduction. To provide theoretical basis for comprehensive treatment ofLake Chaohu Basin and the establishment of water allocation scheme of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation district,scheduling rules of bonds and reservoirs and crop irrigation system.
Based on the long sequence test results of mutual transformation between precipitation and crop water consumption and soil water from irrigation experimental station,water simulation module of the whole process of field scale Storage-Water Consumption-Irrigation-Drainages was built. Combined with the system simulation method,the simulation rules of water allocation for different types of ponds and backbone reservoirs are formulated. Then the water distribution simulation model of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation system is established,to simulate irrigation water of diversion and pumping station,precipitation,soil water and their mutual transformation of Daguantang Reservoir irrigated area. To maximize economic efficiency as the goal under precondition of basic water irrigation water supply security. By using the principle of orthogonal test,water resources optimal regulation model of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation system is constructed. Based on the simulation and orthogonal experiment,the water resources optimization control technology system is formed. The reasonable engineering layout size and scale of the Daguantang Reservoirs irrigation district are determined. The suitable water saving irrigation technology model and irrigation system are determined. Scientific scheduling rules of bonds and reservoirs are developed. Operable rules of crop planting structure adjustment are proposed. Storing runoff utilization of irrigation district is improved. To enhance the annual water supply capacity of bonds and reservoirs and the ability of drought resistance and disaster reduction. To provide theoretical basis for comprehensive treatment ofLake Chaohu Basin and the establishment of water allocation scheme of reservoirs and ponds combined irrigation district,scheduling rules of bonds and reservoirs and crop irrigation system.
引文
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[9]Chen WB,Dong ZC,Zhang YF.Optimization the allocation of irrigated areas water resources based on memory gradient hybrid genetic algorithm.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(6):10-13.[陈卫宾,董增川,张运凤.基于记忆梯度混合遗传算法的灌区水资源优化配置.农业工程学报,2008,24(6):10-13.]
[10]Maqsood I,Huang GH,Huang YF et al.ITOM:an interval-parameter two-stage optimization model for stochastic planning of water resources systems.Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assess,2005,19(2):125-133.
[11]Liu JY,Zhang Q,Deng XY et al.Quantitative analysis the influences of climate change and human activities on hydrological processes in Poyang Basin.J Lake Sci,2016,28(2):432-443.DOI:10.18307/2016.0224.[刘剑宇,张强,邓晓宇等.气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖流域径流过程影响的定量分析.湖泊科学,2016,28(2):432-443.]
[12]Zhao Y,Lu CY,Xiao WH.Study on rational deployment of generalized water resourcesⅡ.Model.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):163-170.[赵勇,陆垂裕,肖伟华.广义水资源合理配置研究(Ⅱ)——模型.水利学报,2007,38(2):163-170.]
[13]Han YP,Lei HJ,Pan HW et al.Evaluation on water resources sustainable utilization based on virtual water and generalized water resources theory.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(6):729-736.[韩宇平,雷宏军,潘红卫等.基于虚拟水和广义水资源的区域水资源可持续利用评价.水利学报,2011,42(6):729-736.]
[14]Zhao Y,Lu CY,Qin CH et al.Study on rational deployment of generalized water resourcesⅢ.Application.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(3):274-281.[赵勇,陆垂裕,秦长海等.广义水资源合理配置研究(Ⅲ)——应用实例.水利学报,2007,38(3):274-281.]
[15]Zhang LB,Zhang ZY,Jin JL et al.Study on simulation model for reservoir-pool water resources system in reservoir irrigation district.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(4/5):385-389.[张礼兵,张展羽,金菊良等.水库灌区库塘水资源系统模拟模型研究.灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):385-389.]
[16]Mishra SK,Singh VP.Long-term hydrological simulation based on the soil conservation service curve number.Hydrol Processes,2004,18(7):1291-1313.
[17]Jiang SM,Jin JL,Xu H et al.Computational model of pond re-storage times in Jianghuai hilly area based on SCS model.Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):117-124.[蒋尚明,金菊良,许浒等.基于径流曲线模型的江淮丘陵区塘坝复蓄次数计算模型.农业工程学报,2013,29(18):117-124.]
[18]Mishra SK,Singh VP,Sansalone JJ et al.A modified SCS-CN method:characterization and testing.Water Resources Management,2003,17(1):37-68.
[19]Jin JL,Yang XH,Ding J.An improved simple genetic algorithm-accelerating genetic algorithm.System Engineering Theory and Practice,2001,21(4):8-12.[金菊良,杨晓华,丁晶.标准遗传算法的改进方案——加速遗传算法.系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4):8-12.]
[20]Wang ZZ,Wang YT,Chen YW et al.Multi-objective reservoir regulation model based on simulation rules and intelligent optimization and its application.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(5):564-579.[王宗志,王银堂,陈艺伟等.基于仿真规则与智能优化的水库多目标调控模型及其应用.水利学报,2012,43(5):564-579.]
[21]Wang ZZ,Hu SY,Wang YT.Water quantity and water quality control based on initial water rights allocation in river basins.Beijing:Science Press,2011.[王宗志,胡四一,王银堂.流域初始水权分配及水量水质调控.北京:科学出版社,2011.]
[22]Jin JL,Yuan CY,Jiang SM et al.Assessment of drought resistance ability for pond and retaining dam irrigated area of Jianghuai hilly area based on water supply and demand balance analysis.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(5):534-541.[金菊良,原晨阳,蒋尚明等.基于水量供需平衡分析的江淮丘陵区塘坝灌区抗旱能力评价.水利学报,2013,44(5):534-541.]
[23]Pereira A,Green S,Nova NA.Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration adapted to estimate irrigated tree transpiration.Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(1/2):153-161.
[24]Cheng JL,Sun XH.Simulation technology,orthogonal design,analytic hierarchy process and irrigation area optimization rules.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,12(9):36-40.[程吉林,孙学华.模拟技术、正交设计、层次分析与灌区优化规则.水利学报,1990,12(9):36-40.]
[25]Cheng JL,Guo YY,Jin ZS.The optimal method and its application of large system mathematical programming experiment.Science in China:Series E,1998,28(3):254-258.[程吉林,郭元裕,金兆森等.大系统数学规划试验选优方法及其应用.中国科学:E辑,1998,28(3):254-258.]
[2]Su XL,Kang SZ.Multi-objectives allocation model of water resources and its application in the Shiyang River basin.Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):128-132.[粟晓玲,康绍忠.石羊河流域多目标水资源配置模型及其应用.农业工程学报,2009,25(11):128-132.]
[3]Loucks DP.Sustainable water resources management.Water International,2000,25(1):3-10.
[4]Yan HY,Jia SF.Water balance and water resources allocation of Qinghai Lake.J Lake Sci,2003,15(1):35-40.DOI:10.18307/2003.0105.[燕华云,贾绍风.青海湖水量平衡分析与水资源优化配置研究.湖泊科学,2003,15(1):35-40.]
[5]Qi XB,Huang ZD,Qiao DM et al.Research advances on the reasonable water resources allocation in irrigation district.Advances in Water Science,2015,26(2):287-295.[齐学斌,黄仲冬,乔冬梅等.灌区水资源合理配置研究进展.水科学进展,2015,26(2):287-295.]
[6]Zhao D,Shao DG,Liu BJ.Method of disposition on water resources of irrigation district and its applications.Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(4):69-73.[赵丹,邵东国,刘丙军.灌区水资源优化配置方法及应用.农业工程学报,2004,20(4):69-73.]
[7]Parsinejad M,Yazdi AB,Araghinejad S et al.Optimal water allocation in irrigation networks based on real time climatic data.Agricultural Water Management,2013,117(1):1-8.
[8]Chen XN,Duan CQ,Qiu L et al.Application of large scale system model based on particle swarm optimization to optimal allocation of water resources in irrigation areas.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(3):103-106.[陈晓楠,段春青,邱林等.基于粒子群的大系统优化模型在灌区水资源优化配置中的应用.农业工程学报,2008,24(3):103-106.]
[9]Chen WB,Dong ZC,Zhang YF.Optimization the allocation of irrigated areas water resources based on memory gradient hybrid genetic algorithm.Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(6):10-13.[陈卫宾,董增川,张运凤.基于记忆梯度混合遗传算法的灌区水资源优化配置.农业工程学报,2008,24(6):10-13.]
[10]Maqsood I,Huang GH,Huang YF et al.ITOM:an interval-parameter two-stage optimization model for stochastic planning of water resources systems.Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assess,2005,19(2):125-133.
[11]Liu JY,Zhang Q,Deng XY et al.Quantitative analysis the influences of climate change and human activities on hydrological processes in Poyang Basin.J Lake Sci,2016,28(2):432-443.DOI:10.18307/2016.0224.[刘剑宇,张强,邓晓宇等.气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖流域径流过程影响的定量分析.湖泊科学,2016,28(2):432-443.]
[12]Zhao Y,Lu CY,Xiao WH.Study on rational deployment of generalized water resourcesⅡ.Model.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):163-170.[赵勇,陆垂裕,肖伟华.广义水资源合理配置研究(Ⅱ)——模型.水利学报,2007,38(2):163-170.]
[13]Han YP,Lei HJ,Pan HW et al.Evaluation on water resources sustainable utilization based on virtual water and generalized water resources theory.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(6):729-736.[韩宇平,雷宏军,潘红卫等.基于虚拟水和广义水资源的区域水资源可持续利用评价.水利学报,2011,42(6):729-736.]
[14]Zhao Y,Lu CY,Qin CH et al.Study on rational deployment of generalized water resourcesⅢ.Application.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(3):274-281.[赵勇,陆垂裕,秦长海等.广义水资源合理配置研究(Ⅲ)——应用实例.水利学报,2007,38(3):274-281.]
[15]Zhang LB,Zhang ZY,Jin JL et al.Study on simulation model for reservoir-pool water resources system in reservoir irrigation district.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(4/5):385-389.[张礼兵,张展羽,金菊良等.水库灌区库塘水资源系统模拟模型研究.灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):385-389.]
[16]Mishra SK,Singh VP.Long-term hydrological simulation based on the soil conservation service curve number.Hydrol Processes,2004,18(7):1291-1313.
[17]Jiang SM,Jin JL,Xu H et al.Computational model of pond re-storage times in Jianghuai hilly area based on SCS model.Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):117-124.[蒋尚明,金菊良,许浒等.基于径流曲线模型的江淮丘陵区塘坝复蓄次数计算模型.农业工程学报,2013,29(18):117-124.]
[18]Mishra SK,Singh VP,Sansalone JJ et al.A modified SCS-CN method:characterization and testing.Water Resources Management,2003,17(1):37-68.
[19]Jin JL,Yang XH,Ding J.An improved simple genetic algorithm-accelerating genetic algorithm.System Engineering Theory and Practice,2001,21(4):8-12.[金菊良,杨晓华,丁晶.标准遗传算法的改进方案——加速遗传算法.系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4):8-12.]
[20]Wang ZZ,Wang YT,Chen YW et al.Multi-objective reservoir regulation model based on simulation rules and intelligent optimization and its application.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(5):564-579.[王宗志,王银堂,陈艺伟等.基于仿真规则与智能优化的水库多目标调控模型及其应用.水利学报,2012,43(5):564-579.]
[21]Wang ZZ,Hu SY,Wang YT.Water quantity and water quality control based on initial water rights allocation in river basins.Beijing:Science Press,2011.[王宗志,胡四一,王银堂.流域初始水权分配及水量水质调控.北京:科学出版社,2011.]
[22]Jin JL,Yuan CY,Jiang SM et al.Assessment of drought resistance ability for pond and retaining dam irrigated area of Jianghuai hilly area based on water supply and demand balance analysis.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(5):534-541.[金菊良,原晨阳,蒋尚明等.基于水量供需平衡分析的江淮丘陵区塘坝灌区抗旱能力评价.水利学报,2013,44(5):534-541.]
[23]Pereira A,Green S,Nova NA.Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration adapted to estimate irrigated tree transpiration.Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(1/2):153-161.
[24]Cheng JL,Sun XH.Simulation technology,orthogonal design,analytic hierarchy process and irrigation area optimization rules.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1990,12(9):36-40.[程吉林,孙学华.模拟技术、正交设计、层次分析与灌区优化规则.水利学报,1990,12(9):36-40.]
[25]Cheng JL,Guo YY,Jin ZS.The optimal method and its application of large system mathematical programming experiment.Science in China:Series E,1998,28(3):254-258.[程吉林,郭元裕,金兆森等.大系统数学规划试验选优方法及其应用.中国科学:E辑,1998,28(3):254-258.]