HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制特点分析
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摘要
目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制的特点。方法选择221名HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,收集其一般资料,采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)测量其心理防御机制特点,并分析性别、婚姻状况、文化程度与其心理防御机制的关系。结果 HIV/AIDS患者成熟型防御机制的DSQ评分最高,其次是中间型防御机制,最低是不成熟型防御机制。成熟型防御机制中升华的DSQ评分最高,不成熟型防御机制中分裂的DSQ评分最高,中间型防御机制中期望的DSQ评分最高。婚姻状况、性别、文化程度对心理防御机制无主效应与交互作用(P> 0. 05)。女性退缩的DSQ评分高于男性,男性压抑和消耗倾向的DSQ评分均高于女性(均P <0. 05);已婚者消耗倾向的DSQ评分均高于未婚者、离异或丧偶者(均P <0. 05);不同文化程度HIV/AIDS患者各防御方式的DSQ评分差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 HIV/AIDS患者拥有较为成熟的心理防御机制,且更倾向于采用升华、分裂、期望等防御方式,性别、婚姻情况、文化程度对HIV/AIDS患者心理防御机制影响较小。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism in people living with HIV/AIDS( PLWHA). Methods A total of 221 PLWHA were selected as subjects,their general data were collected to measure the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism using Defense Style Questionnaire( DSQ) as well as to analyze the association of gender,marital status,and educational level with psychological defense mechanism.Results Among PLWHA,DSQ scores for mature defense mechanism,intermediate defense mechanism,and immature defense mechanism decreased in turn. DSQ score reached the highest for sublimation in mature defense mechanism,for splitting in immature defense mechanism,and for expectation in intermediate defense mechanism. Marital status,gender,and educational level had no main effect or interaction on psychological defense mechanism( P > 0. 05). DSQ score for withdrawal in females was higher than that in males,and DSQ scores for depression and consumption preference in males were higher than those in females( all P < 0. 05); DSQ score for consumption preference of married people was higher than that of unmarried,divorced or widowed people( all P < 0. 05); there was no statistically significant difference in DSQ score for each defense style among PLWHA with different educational levels( P > 0. 05). Conclusion PLWHA has a relatively mature psychological defense mechanism,and is more inclined to adopt defense styles,such as sublimation,splitting and expectation. Gender,marital status,and educational level have minor impact on psychological defense mechanism in PLWHA.
Objective To investigate the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism in people living with HIV/AIDS( PLWHA). Methods A total of 221 PLWHA were selected as subjects,their general data were collected to measure the characteristics of psychological defense mechanism using Defense Style Questionnaire( DSQ) as well as to analyze the association of gender,marital status,and educational level with psychological defense mechanism.Results Among PLWHA,DSQ scores for mature defense mechanism,intermediate defense mechanism,and immature defense mechanism decreased in turn. DSQ score reached the highest for sublimation in mature defense mechanism,for splitting in immature defense mechanism,and for expectation in intermediate defense mechanism. Marital status,gender,and educational level had no main effect or interaction on psychological defense mechanism( P > 0. 05). DSQ score for withdrawal in females was higher than that in males,and DSQ scores for depression and consumption preference in males were higher than those in females( all P < 0. 05); DSQ score for consumption preference of married people was higher than that of unmarried,divorced or widowed people( all P < 0. 05); there was no statistically significant difference in DSQ score for each defense style among PLWHA with different educational levels( P > 0. 05). Conclusion PLWHA has a relatively mature psychological defense mechanism,and is more inclined to adopt defense styles,such as sublimation,splitting and expectation. Gender,marital status,and educational level have minor impact on psychological defense mechanism in PLWHA.
引文
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[2]车文博.弗洛伊德主义[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1992:371-384.
[3]辛雅丽.大学生的防御方式与心理健康[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1997,11(5):292-294.
[4]胡淑芳,李栓德,杨来启,等.隔离人群个体防御方式及对风险认知程度与心理健康的相关性[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4):226-228.
[5]陈绍建,温研,刘键.大学生人格障碍和心理防御机制的关系[J].心理发展与教育,1996(3):43-46.
[6]孙录.高中生个性、防御方式与心理健康的相关性探讨[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2000,8(4):231-232.
[7]李义安,王学臣.大学生防御方式与心理健康的关系[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(44):59-61.
[8]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:102-105.
[9]刘国华,孟宪璋.防御方式问卷(DSQ)信度和效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2004,12(4):352-353.
[10]李宁宁.《防御方式问卷》验证性信效度分析[D].大连:大连医科大学,2013.
[11]路敦跃,张丽杰,赵瑞,等.防御方式问卷初步试用结果[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(2):54-56,53.
[12]郭以静.大学生人格、防御方式与心理健康的相关性研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.
[13]刘运合,杨伊生.心理防御机制的研究综述[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,37(1):88-92.
[14]陆斯琦.不同年龄临床医生防御方式与应对方式的相关性研究[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(6):991-994.
[15]李静.高职大学生心理防御机制现状调查分析[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2017(10):110-112.
[16]刘运合,杨伊生.心理防御机制的研究综述[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,37(1):88-92.
[17]陈志霞,沈丹.研究生心理防御方式特点及性别差异[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(7):479-480.
[18]刘跃.大学生人格特征与归因、应对和防御机制的关系研究[J].思想理论教育,2009(21):76-81.
[19]王大华,申继亮,Brady A,等.防御机制的年龄、性别与文化差异[J].心理科学,1998,21(2):131-135,191.