2001-2016年毛乌素沙地植被的生长状况
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摘要
[目的]对2001—2016年毛乌素沙地植被生长状况进行研究,为该区域生态系统的可持续发展提供理论支持。[方法]基于MODIS EVI植被指数分析2001—2016年毛乌素沙地生长季和非生长季的植被生长状况,并讨论植被生长与气候变化、人类活动的关系。[结果]①毛乌素沙地植被覆盖度偏低,南部植被覆盖度明显高于北部区域。②毛乌素沙地2001—2016年植被覆盖度好转趋势明显。③生长季,毛乌素沙地南部和东部地区植被覆盖度变化速率大于中部和北部地区;且南部和东部的植被覆盖度部分呈显著增加,部分呈显著减小趋势。非生长季,南部地区植被覆盖度以显著增加为主。④毛乌素沙地EVI年最大值与降水呈正相关,与气温呈弱负相关;EVI年最小值与降水呈强正相关,与气温呈弱正相关。⑤农作物种植面积的增加、大规模人工造林以及大牲畜规模的控制等人类活动有助于植被覆盖度的提高。[结论]受气候因素和人类活动影响,21世纪以来毛乌素沙地植被生长状况好转。
[Objective] In order to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of ecosystems in the Mu Us sandy land, the research on the vegetation growth status in this region from 2001 to 2016 was carried out. [Methods] Based on MODIS EVI vegetation index, we analyzed the vegetation growth status of the growth season and non-growth season in Mu Us sandy land during 2001—2016. The relationship between vegetation and climate change, human activities was discussed. [Results] ① Vegetation coverage in Mu Us sandy land was relatively low. The vegetation coverage in the southern area was significantly higher than that in the northern region. ② The vegetation coverage in Mu Us sandy land showed an obvious improvement during 2001—2016. ③ In the growing season, the rate of vegetation coverage change in the southern and eastern regions was higher than that in the central and northern regions. Vegetation coverage in the southern and eastern region displayed a significant increase, and some showed a significant decrease. In the non-growth season, vegetation coverage in the southern region was mainly increased. ④ The annual maximum value of EVI in Mu Us sandy land was positively correlated with precipitation and weakly negatively correlated with temperature. The annual minimum value of EVI was strongly positively correlated with precipitation, and weakly positively correlated with temperature. ⑤ Human activities such as the increase of crop acreage, large-scale afforestation projects, and the control of large livestock numbers all contribute to the improvement of vegetation coverage. [Conclusion] Due to climatic factors and human activities, the vegetation growth of Mu Us sandy land had improved since the 21 st century.
[Objective] In order to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of ecosystems in the Mu Us sandy land, the research on the vegetation growth status in this region from 2001 to 2016 was carried out. [Methods] Based on MODIS EVI vegetation index, we analyzed the vegetation growth status of the growth season and non-growth season in Mu Us sandy land during 2001—2016. The relationship between vegetation and climate change, human activities was discussed. [Results] ① Vegetation coverage in Mu Us sandy land was relatively low. The vegetation coverage in the southern area was significantly higher than that in the northern region. ② The vegetation coverage in Mu Us sandy land showed an obvious improvement during 2001—2016. ③ In the growing season, the rate of vegetation coverage change in the southern and eastern regions was higher than that in the central and northern regions. Vegetation coverage in the southern and eastern region displayed a significant increase, and some showed a significant decrease. In the non-growth season, vegetation coverage in the southern region was mainly increased. ④ The annual maximum value of EVI in Mu Us sandy land was positively correlated with precipitation and weakly negatively correlated with temperature. The annual minimum value of EVI was strongly positively correlated with precipitation, and weakly positively correlated with temperature. ⑤ Human activities such as the increase of crop acreage, large-scale afforestation projects, and the control of large livestock numbers all contribute to the improvement of vegetation coverage. [Conclusion] Due to climatic factors and human activities, the vegetation growth of Mu Us sandy land had improved since the 21 st century.
引文
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[16] 柏菊,闫峰.2001—2012年毛乌素沙地荒漠化过程及驱动力研究[J].南京师大学报:自然科学版,2016,39(1):132-138.
[17] 王静璞,刘连友,贾凯,等.毛乌素沙地植被物候时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):624-631.
[18] Yang Yuting,Long Di,Guan Huade,et al.GRACE satellite observed hydrological controls on interannual and seasonal variability in surface greenness over mainland Australia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2015,119(12):2245-2260.
[19] 陈晋,陈云浩,何春阳,史培军.基于土地覆盖分类的植被覆盖率估算亚像元模型与应用[J].遥感学报,2001,5(6):416-422.
[20] 于延胜,陈兴伟.基于Mann-Kendall法的水文序列趋势成分比重研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(9):1585-1591.
[21] 杨梅焕,曹明明,朱志梅.毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠化过程中植被的退化和稳定性[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):10-15.
[22] 房世波,许端阳,张新时.毛乌素沙地沙漠化过程及其气候因子驱动分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):796-801.
[23] 乌兰吐雅,哈斯础鲁,吉木色,等.内蒙古四大沙地植被NDVI变化及气候响应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(25):10457-10459.
[24] 王立新,刘华民,杨劼,等.毛乌素沙地气候变化及其对植被覆盖的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2030-2039.
[25] 元志辉,雷军,包刚,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对浑善达克沙地植被覆盖度的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):330-338.
[26] 杜敏,景璐,胡新培,等.呼伦贝尔沙地封禁保护措施成效的研究[J].林业实用技术,2016(9):13-15.
[27] 罗娟,银山,王永芳.毛乌素沙地土地利用动态变化分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,2014,40(2):5-9.
[2] Anyamba A,Tucker C J.Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981—2003[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005,63(3):596-614.
[3] Senay G B,Elliott R L,Arvanitis L G.Combining AVHRR-NDVI and landuse data to describe temporal and spatial dynamics of vegetation[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2000,128(1):83-91.
[4] Liu Ya,Li Yan,Li Shuangcheng,et al.Spatial and temporal patterns of global NDVI trends:Correlations with climate and human factors[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(10):13233-13250.
[5] 王志鹏,张宪洲,何永涛,等.2000—2015年青藏高原草地归一化植被指数对降水变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(1):75-83.
[6] 刘宪锋,潘耀忠,朱秀芳,等.2000—2014年秦巴山区植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因[J].地理学报,2015,70(5):705-716.
[7] Piao Shilong,Fang Jingyun,Wei Ji,et al.Variation in a satellite-based vegetation index in relation to climate in China[J].Journal of Vegetation Science Official Organ of the International Association for Vegetation Science,2004,15(2):219-226.
[8] 缪丽娟,蒋冲,何斌,等.近10年来蒙古高原植被覆盖变化对气候的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1295-1301.
[9] 刘洋,李诚志,刘志辉,等.1982—2013年基于GIMMS-NDVI的新疆植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6198-6208.
[10] 杜加强,贾尔恒,阿哈提,等.1982—2012年新疆植被NDVI的动态变化及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3567-3578.
[11] 阿多,赵文吉,宫兆宁,等.1981—2013华北平原气候时空变化及其对植被覆盖度的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):576-592.
[12] 张诗羽,张毅,王昌全,等.岷江上游流域植被覆盖度及其与地形因子的相关性[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):69-75.
[13] 闫峰,吴波,王艳姣.2000—2011年毛乌素沙地植被生长状况时空变化特征[J].地理科学,2013,33(5):602-608.
[14] 刘静,银山,张国盛,等.毛乌素沙地17年间植被覆盖度变化的遥感监测[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(7):162-167.
[15] 喻泓,吴波,何季,等.毛乌素沙地水源圈植物群落的分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):388-394.
[16] 柏菊,闫峰.2001—2012年毛乌素沙地荒漠化过程及驱动力研究[J].南京师大学报:自然科学版,2016,39(1):132-138.
[17] 王静璞,刘连友,贾凯,等.毛乌素沙地植被物候时空变化特征及其影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):624-631.
[18] Yang Yuting,Long Di,Guan Huade,et al.GRACE satellite observed hydrological controls on interannual and seasonal variability in surface greenness over mainland Australia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2015,119(12):2245-2260.
[19] 陈晋,陈云浩,何春阳,史培军.基于土地覆盖分类的植被覆盖率估算亚像元模型与应用[J].遥感学报,2001,5(6):416-422.
[20] 于延胜,陈兴伟.基于Mann-Kendall法的水文序列趋势成分比重研究[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(9):1585-1591.
[21] 杨梅焕,曹明明,朱志梅.毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠化过程中植被的退化和稳定性[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):10-15.
[22] 房世波,许端阳,张新时.毛乌素沙地沙漠化过程及其气候因子驱动分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):796-801.
[23] 乌兰吐雅,哈斯础鲁,吉木色,等.内蒙古四大沙地植被NDVI变化及气候响应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(25):10457-10459.
[24] 王立新,刘华民,杨劼,等.毛乌素沙地气候变化及其对植被覆盖的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(12):2030-2039.
[25] 元志辉,雷军,包刚,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对浑善达克沙地植被覆盖度的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):330-338.
[26] 杜敏,景璐,胡新培,等.呼伦贝尔沙地封禁保护措施成效的研究[J].林业实用技术,2016(9):13-15.
[27] 罗娟,银山,王永芳.毛乌素沙地土地利用动态变化分析[J].内蒙古林业科技,2014,40(2):5-9.