摘要
氢气(hydrogen,H_2)是一种新的气体信号分子。藻类和微生物的氢酶可以产生并释放H_2,高等植物也可能存在类似于氢酶的蛋白催化H_2的合成。同时,各种非生物胁迫和激素也可诱导产生H_2。与动物中H_2通过选择性抗氧化预防和辅助治疗多种疾病所不同的是,植物中H_2的生理作用可能还与其通过迅速诱导活性氧信号,从而调动抗氧化防护系统有关。H_2具有多种植物学效应,包括调控生长发育和提高对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的抗/耐性,其分子机制涉及对miRNA、基因表达、激素水平和蛋白质修饰的调控,并可能与一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)和一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)等气体信号转导有关。H_2的研究掀起了新一轮健康革命,"氢农业"的发展也已初具规模。本文主要综述了H_2产生、生理功能以及与激素等信号分子互作的研究进展,并对H_2植物学效应和"氢农业"进行了展望。
Hydrogen(H_2) is a new gas signal molecule,and hydrogen enzymes from the algae and microorganism can produce and release H_2. Higher plants may have hydrogen-like protein(s) that catalyze the production of H_2,and the production of H_2 is also induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones. As a novel antioxidant,H_2 has been proven effective in adjutant therapy. Importantly,the role of H_2 in plants may also be related to the first rapidly induced reactive oxygen species signals,thus triggering antioxidant defense. H_2 plays multiple biological roles,including regulating plant growth,development,and increasing plant tolerance/resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses; its molecular mechanisms involve in the regulation of miRNA,gene expression,phytohormone levels,and protein modification. In addition,nitric oxide(NO) and carbon monoxide(CO) are involved in the biological effects induced by H_2. Recently,researches of H_2 had set off a new round of healthy revolution,and the development of hydrogen agriculture was just a beginning. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of H_2 production,physiological functions,and interactions with hormones and other signaling molecules. Finally,the prospect of botanical effects of H_2 and hydrogen agriculture was suggested.
引文
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