多效唑处理对直播油菜机械收获相关性状及产量的影响
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摘要
以阳光2009与沣油520为材料,于封行期及蕾薹初期喷施不同浓度多效唑,测定倒伏、角果抗裂性及产量相关指标,研究多效唑对油菜产量和机械收获相关性状的影响,为高产及机械收获条件下油菜的多效唑调控提供技术支撑及理论依据。结果表明,不同时期多效唑处理均显著提高2个油菜品种的抗倒性、抗裂角性及产量,蕾薹初期喷施300 mg L–1多效唑后油菜抗倒与抗裂角指数增量大,封行期喷施150 mg L–1多效唑则后产量的增量大。多效唑处理降低每角果粒数,但增加油菜品种的单株角果数及千粒重,故而增加产量;且可通过增加油菜根颈粗、鲜重根冠比及抗折力降低株高和倒伏指数,提高油菜抗根倒与抗茎倒能力;通过增加角果含水量、延缓角果成熟度、增加角果皮干重提高油菜角果抗裂性。本研究认为封行期喷施150 mg L–1的多效唑是最佳喷施时期与喷施浓度,既可显著增强易倒伏而减产油菜田块的抗倒与抗裂角能力,最大幅度地提高产量,又可满足油菜机械化生产模式所需的高产、抗倒及抗裂角要求。
The aim of this research was to study the effects and mechanism of paclobutrazol(PP333) treatments on rapeseed yield and mechanical harvesting. PP333 was foliage sprayed with different concentrations at two stages(the closing of crop and the start of flower bud), on two varieties of rapeseed Yangguang 2009 and Fengyou 520. Our results demonstrated that PP333 treatment significantly increased the rapeseed lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield. PP333 of 300 mg L–1 at the bud beginning more significantly enhanced lodging resistance and silique shattering resistance, whereas 150 mg L–1 PP333 at crop closing period more significantly increased yield of the two varieties. PP333 treatment reduced seed number per pod, while enhanced pods per plant, 1000-grain weight and yield. At the same time, PP333 treatment increased root crown diameter, root-top ratio(fresh) and snapping resistance, whereas it reduced plant height and culm lodging index, resulting in reduced angle of plant lodging, which indicates an improvement in the resistance of root and stem lodging. Silique shattering resistance was increased due to increased silique water content, silique dry weight and delayed pod maturity. In summary, the crop closing period and 150 mg L–1 PP333 are the best treatment time and concentration for significantly enhancing the abilities of lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield, which could meet rapeseed mechanized production.
The aim of this research was to study the effects and mechanism of paclobutrazol(PP333) treatments on rapeseed yield and mechanical harvesting. PP333 was foliage sprayed with different concentrations at two stages(the closing of crop and the start of flower bud), on two varieties of rapeseed Yangguang 2009 and Fengyou 520. Our results demonstrated that PP333 treatment significantly increased the rapeseed lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield. PP333 of 300 mg L–1 at the bud beginning more significantly enhanced lodging resistance and silique shattering resistance, whereas 150 mg L–1 PP333 at crop closing period more significantly increased yield of the two varieties. PP333 treatment reduced seed number per pod, while enhanced pods per plant, 1000-grain weight and yield. At the same time, PP333 treatment increased root crown diameter, root-top ratio(fresh) and snapping resistance, whereas it reduced plant height and culm lodging index, resulting in reduced angle of plant lodging, which indicates an improvement in the resistance of root and stem lodging. Silique shattering resistance was increased due to increased silique water content, silique dry weight and delayed pod maturity. In summary, the crop closing period and 150 mg L–1 PP333 are the best treatment time and concentration for significantly enhancing the abilities of lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield, which could meet rapeseed mechanized production.
引文
[1]王新发.我国抗裂角机收油菜新品种培育获突破.中国油料作物学报,2009,31(2):106Wang X F.Silique shatter mechanical harvest new varieties of rapeseed breakthrough.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2009,31(2):106(in Chinese)
[2]黄胜东,姚金保,姚国才,杨学明,钱存鸣,周朝飞.多效唑拌种对小麦形态及增产效应探讨.江苏农业科学,2001,(2):16–18Huang S D,Yao J B,Yao G C,Yang X M,Qian C M,Zhou C F.MET dressing investigate the morphology and yield effect of wheat.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2001,(2):16–18(in Chinese)
[3]Rajala A,Peltonen-Sainio P.Plant growth regulator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth.Agron J,2001,93:936–943
[4]Armstrong E L,Nicol H I.Reducing height and lodging in rapeseed with growth regulators.Aust J Exp Agric,1991,31:245–250
[5]Baylis A D,Hutleybull P D.The effects of a paclobutrazol based growth regulator on the yield,quality and ease of management of oilseed rape.Ann Appl Biol,1991,118:445–452
[6]Zhou W,Ye Q.Physiological and yield effects of uniconazole on winter rape(Brassica napus L.).J Plant Growth Regul,1996,15:69–73
[7]孙华光,钱敏珍,严卫古,刘葛山,徐建明,王礼门.油菜应用多效唑培育壮苗和防倒伏的效果.中国油料,1994,(3):40–42Sun H G,Qian M Z,Yan W G,Liu G S,Xu J M,Wang L M.Effects of MET on development of rape.Oil Crops China,1994,(3):40–42(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Guo P Z,Jian X C,Bull D A.The effects of timing of N application and plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and yield formation in wheat.Plant Growth Regul,2001,35:239–245
[9]Pinthus M J.Lodging in wheat,barley and oats:the phenomenon,its causes,and preventive measure.Adv Agron,1973,25:209–263
[10]Crook M J,Ennos A R.The effect of nitrogen and growth regulators on stem and root characteristics associated with lodging in two cultivars of winter wheat.J Exp Bot,1995,46:931–938
[11]Rajala A,Peltonen-Sainio P,Onnela M,Jackson M.Effects of applying stem shortening plant growth regulators to leaves on root elongation by seedlings of wheat,oat and barley:mediation by ethylene.Plant Growth Regul,2002,38:51–59
[12]Tripathi S C,Sayre K D,Kaul J N,Narang R S.Growth and morphology of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)culms and their association with lodging:effects of genotypes,N levels and Ethephon.Field Crops Res,2003,84:271–290
[13]Acreche M M,Slafer G A.Lodging yield penalties as affected by breeding in Mediterranean wheats.Field Crops Res,2011,122:40–48
[14]Peng D L,Chen X G,Yin Y P.Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.):lignin accumulation and its related enzymes activities due to the application of paclobutrazol or gibberellin acid.Field Crops Res,2014,157:1–7
[15]张喜娟,李红娇,李伟娟,徐正进,陈温福,张文忠,王嘉宇.北方直立穗型粳稻抗倒性的研究.中国农业科学,2009,42:2305–2313Zhang X J,Li H Q,Li W J,Xu Z J,Chen W F,Zhang W Z,Wang J Y.The lodging resistance of erect panicle japonica rice in northern China.Sci Agric Sin,2009,42:2305–2313(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Baker C J,Berry P M,Spink J H,Sylvester Bradley R,Griffin J M,Scott R K,Clare R W.A method for the assessment of the risk of wheat lodging.Theor Biol,1998,194:587–603
[17]Sterling M,Baker C J,Berry P M,Wadec A.An experimental investigation of the lodging of wheat.Agric For Meteorol,2003,119:149–165
[18]崔嘉成,刘佳,梅德圣,李云昌,付丽,彭鹏飞,王军,胡琼.甘蓝型油菜裂角相关性状的遗传与相关分析.作物学报,2013,39:1791–1798Cui J C,Liu J,Mei D S,Li Y C,Fu L,Peng P F,Wang J,Hu Q.Genetic and correlation analysis on pod shattering traits in Brassica napus L.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39:1791–1798(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]任廷波,赵继献.不同施氮量与多效唑喷施时期对优质杂交油菜产量和品质的影响.贵州农业科学,2012,40(4):81–84Ren T B,Zhao J X.Effects of different nitrogen level and foliage dressing paclobutrazol at different growth stage on yield and quality of quality hybrid rape.Guizhou Agric Sci,2012,40(4):81–84(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]刘慧杰,苟文峰.多效唑对甘蓝型油菜不同品种(系)的效应研究.陕西农业科学,1992,17(2):16–18Liu H J,Gou W F.Effect of MET on different Brassica varieties.Shaanxi Agric Sci,1992,17(2):16–18(in Chinese)
[21]魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,屈会娟,沈学善.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响.作物学报,2008,34:1080–1085Wei F Z,Li J C,Wang C Y,Qu H J,Shen X S.Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34:1080–1085(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Morgan C L,Bruce D M,Child R D,Landbrooke Z L,Arthur A E.Genetic variation for pod shatter resistance among lines of oilseed rape developed from synthetic B.napus.Field Crops Res,1998,58:153–165
[23]孟倩,董军刚,黄伟男,段海峰,张博,解芳宁,董振生.密度和播期对甘蓝型油菜角果抗裂性的影响.西北农业学报,2013,11:37–41Meng Q,Dong J G,Huang W N,Duan H F,Zhang B,Xie F N,Dong Z S.Effects of planting density and sowing date on the shatter resistance of Brassica napus pods.Acta Agric BorealiOccid Sin,2013,11:37–41(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]黄胜东,姚金保,姚国才,杨学明,钱存鸣,周朝飞.多效唑拌种对小麦形态及增产效应探讨.江苏农业科学,2001,(2):16–18Huang S D,Yao J B,Yao G C,Yang X M,Qian C M,Zhou C F.MET dressing investigate the morphology and yield effect of wheat.Jiangsu Agric Sci,2001,(2):16–18(in Chinese)
[3]Rajala A,Peltonen-Sainio P.Plant growth regulator effects on spring cereal root and shoot growth.Agron J,2001,93:936–943
[4]Armstrong E L,Nicol H I.Reducing height and lodging in rapeseed with growth regulators.Aust J Exp Agric,1991,31:245–250
[5]Baylis A D,Hutleybull P D.The effects of a paclobutrazol based growth regulator on the yield,quality and ease of management of oilseed rape.Ann Appl Biol,1991,118:445–452
[6]Zhou W,Ye Q.Physiological and yield effects of uniconazole on winter rape(Brassica napus L.).J Plant Growth Regul,1996,15:69–73
[7]孙华光,钱敏珍,严卫古,刘葛山,徐建明,王礼门.油菜应用多效唑培育壮苗和防倒伏的效果.中国油料,1994,(3):40–42Sun H G,Qian M Z,Yan W G,Liu G S,Xu J M,Wang L M.Effects of MET on development of rape.Oil Crops China,1994,(3):40–42(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Guo P Z,Jian X C,Bull D A.The effects of timing of N application and plant growth regulators on morphogenesis and yield formation in wheat.Plant Growth Regul,2001,35:239–245
[9]Pinthus M J.Lodging in wheat,barley and oats:the phenomenon,its causes,and preventive measure.Adv Agron,1973,25:209–263
[10]Crook M J,Ennos A R.The effect of nitrogen and growth regulators on stem and root characteristics associated with lodging in two cultivars of winter wheat.J Exp Bot,1995,46:931–938
[11]Rajala A,Peltonen-Sainio P,Onnela M,Jackson M.Effects of applying stem shortening plant growth regulators to leaves on root elongation by seedlings of wheat,oat and barley:mediation by ethylene.Plant Growth Regul,2002,38:51–59
[12]Tripathi S C,Sayre K D,Kaul J N,Narang R S.Growth and morphology of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)culms and their association with lodging:effects of genotypes,N levels and Ethephon.Field Crops Res,2003,84:271–290
[13]Acreche M M,Slafer G A.Lodging yield penalties as affected by breeding in Mediterranean wheats.Field Crops Res,2011,122:40–48
[14]Peng D L,Chen X G,Yin Y P.Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.):lignin accumulation and its related enzymes activities due to the application of paclobutrazol or gibberellin acid.Field Crops Res,2014,157:1–7
[15]张喜娟,李红娇,李伟娟,徐正进,陈温福,张文忠,王嘉宇.北方直立穗型粳稻抗倒性的研究.中国农业科学,2009,42:2305–2313Zhang X J,Li H Q,Li W J,Xu Z J,Chen W F,Zhang W Z,Wang J Y.The lodging resistance of erect panicle japonica rice in northern China.Sci Agric Sin,2009,42:2305–2313(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Baker C J,Berry P M,Spink J H,Sylvester Bradley R,Griffin J M,Scott R K,Clare R W.A method for the assessment of the risk of wheat lodging.Theor Biol,1998,194:587–603
[17]Sterling M,Baker C J,Berry P M,Wadec A.An experimental investigation of the lodging of wheat.Agric For Meteorol,2003,119:149–165
[18]崔嘉成,刘佳,梅德圣,李云昌,付丽,彭鹏飞,王军,胡琼.甘蓝型油菜裂角相关性状的遗传与相关分析.作物学报,2013,39:1791–1798Cui J C,Liu J,Mei D S,Li Y C,Fu L,Peng P F,Wang J,Hu Q.Genetic and correlation analysis on pod shattering traits in Brassica napus L.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39:1791–1798(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]任廷波,赵继献.不同施氮量与多效唑喷施时期对优质杂交油菜产量和品质的影响.贵州农业科学,2012,40(4):81–84Ren T B,Zhao J X.Effects of different nitrogen level and foliage dressing paclobutrazol at different growth stage on yield and quality of quality hybrid rape.Guizhou Agric Sci,2012,40(4):81–84(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]刘慧杰,苟文峰.多效唑对甘蓝型油菜不同品种(系)的效应研究.陕西农业科学,1992,17(2):16–18Liu H J,Gou W F.Effect of MET on different Brassica varieties.Shaanxi Agric Sci,1992,17(2):16–18(in Chinese)
[21]魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,屈会娟,沈学善.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响.作物学报,2008,34:1080–1085Wei F Z,Li J C,Wang C Y,Qu H J,Shen X S.Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34:1080–1085(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Morgan C L,Bruce D M,Child R D,Landbrooke Z L,Arthur A E.Genetic variation for pod shatter resistance among lines of oilseed rape developed from synthetic B.napus.Field Crops Res,1998,58:153–165
[23]孟倩,董军刚,黄伟男,段海峰,张博,解芳宁,董振生.密度和播期对甘蓝型油菜角果抗裂性的影响.西北农业学报,2013,11:37–41Meng Q,Dong J G,Huang W N,Duan H F,Zhang B,Xie F N,Dong Z S.Effects of planting density and sowing date on the shatter resistance of Brassica napus pods.Acta Agric BorealiOccid Sin,2013,11:37–41(in Chinese with English abstract)