近交对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、存活及抗逆性的影响
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摘要
通过设计交配组合,建立中度近交组GM(近交系数大于0.25,家系G1,G2,G3,G4)、轻度近交组GL(近交系数0.0625—0.25,家系Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4),非近交组GN(近交系数为0,家系F1,F2,F3,F4),比较共同环境养殖90d不同近交程度凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系体质量(BW)、存活率(SR)、高氨氮耐受存活率(SRA)及低溶氧耐受存活率间(SRH)的差异性,计算近交家系相关性状的近交衰退系数,评价近交对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活和抗逆性的影响。结果显示:GN组BW为7.66±2.86g,显著高于GM组BW(P<0.05);GL组SR、SRA、SRH间差异近交衰退系数为–6.41%、–13.63%、–11.84%;GM组的SR、SRA、SRH的近交衰退系数为5.30%、–4.73%、–4.77%;Z2的BW最大为8.59±3.85g,G3的BW高于GN组均值;G2家系SR为84.81%±10.37%,显著高于其它家系(P<0.05);75%的近交家系表现出SR近交衰退,62.5%的近交家系表现出SRH近交衰退。结果表明:近交导致凡纳滨对虾生长、高氨氮耐受性及低溶氧耐受性的衰退普遍存在,应避免高度近交个体的产生,近交系数应控制在0.25以下;少数近交家系的生长、存活、高氨氮耐受性或低溶氧耐受性优于非近交家系,推测选择合理亲缘选配方案可加快凡纳滨对虾遗传改良进程。
We conducted a comparative study on body weight(BW), survival rates in 96 h under high-concentration ammonia(SRA) or hypoxia(SRH) for Litopenaeus vannamei families of different inbreeding degrees. The study was performed in a normal environment for 90 d. Three groups each having four families were set up in terms of inbreeding degree, i.e., the group of moderate inbreeding degree(GM) whose inbreeding coefficients(IC) were >0.25, that of light degree(GL)(IC between 0.0625 and 0.250), and that of zero degree(GN)(an outbred group, IC at 0). In addition, the inbreeding depression coefficient was calculated. The results show that the BW of GN was 7.66±2.86 g, which was significantly higher than that of GM. The difference between SR, SRA and SRH of GL and GN were not significant. The inbreeding depression coefficient of SR, SRA, and SRH of GL were –2.05%, –1.35% and –1.07%, while those of GM were 0.93%, –0.89% and –0.76%, respectively. The maximum BW occurred in GL for 8.59±3.85 g. The maximum SR was in GMfor 84.81%±10.37%, which is well above the others'. Of all the inbred families, 75% presented inbreeding depression in SRA, and 62.5% in SRH. In other words, inbreeding depression was a common consequence for L. vannamei in growth performance and tolerance to high-concentration ammonia or hypoxia. Therefore, highly-inbred individuals should be avoid and the IC should be selected below 0.25. However, few inbred individuals showed better performance in growth and tolerance against high-concentration ammonia or hypoxia. Above all, by selecting an appropriate mating strategy, the shrimp breeding could be improved and benefited.
We conducted a comparative study on body weight(BW), survival rates in 96 h under high-concentration ammonia(SRA) or hypoxia(SRH) for Litopenaeus vannamei families of different inbreeding degrees. The study was performed in a normal environment for 90 d. Three groups each having four families were set up in terms of inbreeding degree, i.e., the group of moderate inbreeding degree(GM) whose inbreeding coefficients(IC) were >0.25, that of light degree(GL)(IC between 0.0625 and 0.250), and that of zero degree(GN)(an outbred group, IC at 0). In addition, the inbreeding depression coefficient was calculated. The results show that the BW of GN was 7.66±2.86 g, which was significantly higher than that of GM. The difference between SR, SRA and SRH of GL and GN were not significant. The inbreeding depression coefficient of SR, SRA, and SRH of GL were –2.05%, –1.35% and –1.07%, while those of GM were 0.93%, –0.89% and –0.76%, respectively. The maximum BW occurred in GL for 8.59±3.85 g. The maximum SR was in GMfor 84.81%±10.37%, which is well above the others'. Of all the inbred families, 75% presented inbreeding depression in SRA, and 62.5% in SRH. In other words, inbreeding depression was a common consequence for L. vannamei in growth performance and tolerance to high-concentration ammonia or hypoxia. Therefore, highly-inbred individuals should be avoid and the IC should be selected below 0.25. However, few inbred individuals showed better performance in growth and tolerance against high-concentration ammonia or hypoxia. Above all, by selecting an appropriate mating strategy, the shrimp breeding could be improved and benefited.
引文
王兴强,马甡,董双林,2004.凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学研究进展.海洋湖沼通报,(4):94-100
刘振,闫喜武,霍忠明等,2013.蛤仔白斑马品系的家系选择及近交效应研究.大连海洋大学学报,28(4):355-360
刘小军,周庆,1993.继代选育中猪的近交效应分析.山西农业大学学报,13(4):351-353
李世凯,江敏,戴习林等,2012.凡纳滨对虾池塘水质及对虾肌肉品质的对比分析.上海海洋大学学报,21(6):955-964
杨翠华,孔杰,王清印等,2007.控制环境养殖下近交对中国对虾早期体重和抗WSSV性状的影响.水产学报,31(2):226-234
张沅,2001.家畜育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,214-219
张国范,刘述锡,刘晓等,2003.海湾扇贝自交家系的建立和自交效应.中国水产科学,10(6):441-445
张洪玉,罗坤,孔杰等,2009.近交对中国明对虾生长、存活及抗逆性的影响.中国水产科学,16(5):744-750
罗坤,孔杰,栾生等,2014.中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较.中国海洋大学学报,44(7):51-57
袁瑞鹏,刘建勇,张嘉晨等,2015.凡纳滨对虾群体杂交与自交F1低溶氧与高氨氮耐受性比较.中国水产科学,22(3):410-417
郭坤德,朱景瑞,1984.闭锁鸡群的近交试验.南京农业大学学报,7(2):80-92
曹宝祥,孔杰,罗坤等,2015.凡纳滨对虾选育群体与近交群体、引进群体生长和存活性能比较.水产学报,39(1):42-51
梁健,闫喜武,霍忠明等,2013.不同近交系数蛤仔橙色品系的生长和成活研究.南方水产科学,9(4):87-93
喻驰方,栾生,张志伟等,2013.中华卤虫不同近交水平家系生长性能比较.渔业科学进展,34(6):75-79
傅强,王师,赵亮等,2015.不同近交系数的虾夷扇贝近交衰退研究.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),45(11):43-48
Bijlsma R,Bundgaard J,Van Putten W F,1999.Environmental dependence of inbreeding depression and purging in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,12(6):1125-1137
Dahlgaard J,Hoffmann A A,2000.Stress resistance and environmental dependency of inbreeding depression in Drosophila melanogaster.Conservation Biology,14(4):1187-1192
De Donato M,Manrique R,Ramirez R et al,2005.Mass selection and inbreeding effects on a cultivated strain of Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei in Venezuela.Aquaculture,247(1-4):159-167
Keys S J,Crocos P J,Burridge C Y et al,2004.Comparative growth and survival of inbred and outbred Penaeus(marsupenaeus)japonicus,reared under controlled environment conditions:indications of inbreeding depression.Aquaculture,241(1-4):151-168
Miller P S,1994.Is inbreeding depression more severe in a stressful environment?Zoo Biology,13(3):195-208
Moss D R,Arce S M,Otoshi C A et al,2007.Effects of inbreeding on survival and growth of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei.Aquaculture,272(S1):S30-S37
Moss D R,Arce S M,Otoshi C A et al,2008.Inbreeding effects on hatchery and growout performance of Pacific white shrimp,Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,39(4):467-476
Nakadate M,Shikano T,Taniguchi N,2003.Inbreeding depression and heterosis in various quantitative traits of the guppy,Poecilia reticulata.Aquaculture,220(1-4):219-226
Shikano T,Chiyokubo T,Taniguchi N,2001.Effect of inbreeding on salinity tolerance in the guppy(Poecilia reticulata).Aquaculture,202(1-2):45-55
刘振,闫喜武,霍忠明等,2013.蛤仔白斑马品系的家系选择及近交效应研究.大连海洋大学学报,28(4):355-360
刘小军,周庆,1993.继代选育中猪的近交效应分析.山西农业大学学报,13(4):351-353
李世凯,江敏,戴习林等,2012.凡纳滨对虾池塘水质及对虾肌肉品质的对比分析.上海海洋大学学报,21(6):955-964
杨翠华,孔杰,王清印等,2007.控制环境养殖下近交对中国对虾早期体重和抗WSSV性状的影响.水产学报,31(2):226-234
张沅,2001.家畜育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,214-219
张国范,刘述锡,刘晓等,2003.海湾扇贝自交家系的建立和自交效应.中国水产科学,10(6):441-445
张洪玉,罗坤,孔杰等,2009.近交对中国明对虾生长、存活及抗逆性的影响.中国水产科学,16(5):744-750
罗坤,孔杰,栾生等,2014.中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较.中国海洋大学学报,44(7):51-57
袁瑞鹏,刘建勇,张嘉晨等,2015.凡纳滨对虾群体杂交与自交F1低溶氧与高氨氮耐受性比较.中国水产科学,22(3):410-417
郭坤德,朱景瑞,1984.闭锁鸡群的近交试验.南京农业大学学报,7(2):80-92
曹宝祥,孔杰,罗坤等,2015.凡纳滨对虾选育群体与近交群体、引进群体生长和存活性能比较.水产学报,39(1):42-51
梁健,闫喜武,霍忠明等,2013.不同近交系数蛤仔橙色品系的生长和成活研究.南方水产科学,9(4):87-93
喻驰方,栾生,张志伟等,2013.中华卤虫不同近交水平家系生长性能比较.渔业科学进展,34(6):75-79
傅强,王师,赵亮等,2015.不同近交系数的虾夷扇贝近交衰退研究.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),45(11):43-48
Bijlsma R,Bundgaard J,Van Putten W F,1999.Environmental dependence of inbreeding depression and purging in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of Evolutionary Biology,12(6):1125-1137
Dahlgaard J,Hoffmann A A,2000.Stress resistance and environmental dependency of inbreeding depression in Drosophila melanogaster.Conservation Biology,14(4):1187-1192
De Donato M,Manrique R,Ramirez R et al,2005.Mass selection and inbreeding effects on a cultivated strain of Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei in Venezuela.Aquaculture,247(1-4):159-167
Keys S J,Crocos P J,Burridge C Y et al,2004.Comparative growth and survival of inbred and outbred Penaeus(marsupenaeus)japonicus,reared under controlled environment conditions:indications of inbreeding depression.Aquaculture,241(1-4):151-168
Miller P S,1994.Is inbreeding depression more severe in a stressful environment?Zoo Biology,13(3):195-208
Moss D R,Arce S M,Otoshi C A et al,2007.Effects of inbreeding on survival and growth of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei.Aquaculture,272(S1):S30-S37
Moss D R,Arce S M,Otoshi C A et al,2008.Inbreeding effects on hatchery and growout performance of Pacific white shrimp,Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,39(4):467-476
Nakadate M,Shikano T,Taniguchi N,2003.Inbreeding depression and heterosis in various quantitative traits of the guppy,Poecilia reticulata.Aquaculture,220(1-4):219-226
Shikano T,Chiyokubo T,Taniguchi N,2001.Effect of inbreeding on salinity tolerance in the guppy(Poecilia reticulata).Aquaculture,202(1-2):45-55