低温处理及光周期诱导不同抽薹性萝卜抽薹开花的研究
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摘要
通过光温处理,对24份不同抽薹性萝卜材料进行人工春化。试验结果表明,根据供试材料平均现蕾天数长短,以19 d间隔为单位,将其分为易抽薹、抽薹居中、耐抽薹、极耐抽薹4组。易抽薹组萝卜抽薹开花,对光照条件要求不高,受低温处理时间的影响较大。耐抽薹萝卜的人工春化最佳条件,应至少达到4℃低温处理30 d,日光照时数16 h,长光照天数45 d。长期4℃处理不利于萝卜种子萌发及幼苗的正常生长,严重时造成植株死亡。
By using photoinduction and thermoinduction technique, 24 radish cultivars with different tolerance to bolting and flowering were vernalized artificially. The results showed that, according to average budding days of tested materials and taking an interval of 19 days as a unit, the tested materials could be divided into four groups of easy bolting, normal bolting, late bolting and extremely-late bolting. The materials of easy-bolting group had no high requirement for light condition, but were affected greatly by the process time of low temperature. The optimum artificial vernalization condition for the materials of late bolting group was as follows: 30 days of 4℃ low temperature, 16 hours of daily photoperiod and45 days of long photoperiod at least. The long-term treatment of 4℃ low temperature was not conducive to seed germination and seedling growth of radish, and it could result in the death of radish plant in extreme cases.
By using photoinduction and thermoinduction technique, 24 radish cultivars with different tolerance to bolting and flowering were vernalized artificially. The results showed that, according to average budding days of tested materials and taking an interval of 19 days as a unit, the tested materials could be divided into four groups of easy bolting, normal bolting, late bolting and extremely-late bolting. The materials of easy-bolting group had no high requirement for light condition, but were affected greatly by the process time of low temperature. The optimum artificial vernalization condition for the materials of late bolting group was as follows: 30 days of 4℃ low temperature, 16 hours of daily photoperiod and45 days of long photoperiod at least. The long-term treatment of 4℃ low temperature was not conducive to seed germination and seedling growth of radish, and it could result in the death of radish plant in extreme cases.
引文
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[2]陈惠明,周长久.萝卜酯酶同工酶与品种亲缘关系的研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999,25(3):191-193.
[3]汪隆植,何启伟.中国萝卜[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2005:201-203.
[4]张华峰,孟庆忠,张立军.环境因子在植物成花诱导中的作用及其机理[J].生物学通报,2000,35(7):16-18.
[5]李鸿渐,汪隆植,张谷雄.以春化特性为基础的萝卜品种分类的探讨[J].南京农学院学报,1983(3):197-201.
[6]韩春梅,李春龙.不同温度条件对豇豆和萝卜种子萌发的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2009,9(22):27-28.
[7]刘莎莎.光周期及低温处理对菠菜抽薹的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[8]张作青,于丽杰.种子春化对不同品种大白菜当年现蕾和开花的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(4):44-46.
[9]李盛.春化处理对萝卜抽薹及开花的影响[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2014.
[10]张丽,宫国义.两种春化方式对不同萝卜品种抽薹开花的影响[J].北方园艺,2006(2):35-36.
[11]王旭,陈艳丽,史小强,等.不同春化天数对荷兰豆种子发芽过程中内含物含量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2009,36(8):88-90.
[12]张鲁刚,孔小平,惠麦侠,等.大白菜幼苗春化对低温、光照和苗龄的要求[J].园艺学报,2008,35(11):1 676-1 680.
[13]巫光宏,詹福建,罗焕亮,等.几种保护酶活性变化与马占相思树对低温胁迫的抵抗性的关系研究[J].植物研究,2002,22(1):42-45.