滨海耐盐植物离子吸收与分配规律研究
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摘要
为探讨耐盐植物的盐适应机制,研究了滨海耐盐植物不同器官(根、茎、叶)的K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)吸收、运输与分配情况。结果表明:苍耳、肾叶打碗花、软毛虫实、狗牙根优先将Na~+积累在根系中,曼陀罗、砂引草优先积累在茎中,牛筋草、猪毛菜则优先积累在叶中。牛筋草、苍耳、肾叶打碗花、猪毛菜、砂引草通过大量吸收K~+来减少Na~+对根的伤害,曼陀罗、软毛虫实和狗牙根通过大量吸收K~+来降低Na~+对叶的伤害。牛筋草、苍耳、肾叶打碗花、软毛虫实、狗牙根主要是通过茎-叶来调控钾钠的运输与分配,而砂引草、猪毛菜、曼陀罗则主要是通过根-茎来调控。在所测植物中,苍耳和曼陀罗调控离子运输能力较强。
In order to understand the salt adaptation mechanism of salt-tolerant plants, the absorption, transportation and allocation of K~+, Na~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in different organs(such as root, stem and leaf) of salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas were studied. The results showed that Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon accumulated Na~+ preferentially in roots, Datura stramonium and Tournefortia sibirica accumulated Na~+ in stems priority, and Eleusine indica and Salsola collina accumulated Na~+ in leaves priority. Eleusine indica, Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Salsola collina and Tournefortia sibirica reduced the damage of Na~+ to roots by absorbing a large amounts of K~+. Datura stramonium, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon reduced the damage of Na~+ to leaves by absorbing a large amounts of K~+. Eleusine indica, Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon mainly regulated the transportation and distribution of potassium and sodium through stem-leaves, and Tournefortia sibirica, Salsola collina and Datura stramonium mainly through root-stem. Among the tested plants, Xanthium sibiricum and Datura stramonium had stronger ability to regulate ion transport.
In order to understand the salt adaptation mechanism of salt-tolerant plants, the absorption, transportation and allocation of K~+, Na~+, Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in different organs(such as root, stem and leaf) of salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas were studied. The results showed that Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon accumulated Na~+ preferentially in roots, Datura stramonium and Tournefortia sibirica accumulated Na~+ in stems priority, and Eleusine indica and Salsola collina accumulated Na~+ in leaves priority. Eleusine indica, Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Salsola collina and Tournefortia sibirica reduced the damage of Na~+ to roots by absorbing a large amounts of K~+. Datura stramonium, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon reduced the damage of Na~+ to leaves by absorbing a large amounts of K~+. Eleusine indica, Xanthium sibiricum, Calystegia soldanella, Corispermum puberulum and Cynodon dactylon mainly regulated the transportation and distribution of potassium and sodium through stem-leaves, and Tournefortia sibirica, Salsola collina and Datura stramonium mainly through root-stem. Among the tested plants, Xanthium sibiricum and Datura stramonium had stronger ability to regulate ion transport.
引文
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[13] 李玉梅,郭修武,姜云天.牛叠肚幼苗对盐胁迫的离子响应[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):353-361.
[14] 张梅茹,马金彪,姚银安,等.盐角草(Salicornia europaea)对NaCl处理的生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):441-447.
[15] 周俊国,朱月林,杨立飞,等.NaCl胁迫下中国南瓜杂交种和黑籽南瓜植株离子吸收与积累特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):546-551.
[16] 李银鹏,林鹏.盐度对木榄幼苗某些金属元素累积的影响及钙的效应[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):177-180.
[17] Teakle N L,Flowers T J,Real D,et al.Lotus tenuis tolerates the interactive effects of salinity and waterlogging by ‘excluding’Na+ and Cl- from the xylem[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(8):2169-2180.
[2] 赵可夫,范海.盐胁迫下真盐生植物与泌盐植物的渗透调节物质及其贡献的比较研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(2):99-105.
[3] Britto D,Kronzuker H J.Cellular mechanisms of potassium transport in plants[J].Physiol.Plant,2008,133(4):637-650.
[4] Teakle N L,Real D,Colmer T D.Growth and ion relations in response to combined salinity and waterlogging in the perennial forage legumes Lotus corniculatus and Lotus tenuis [J].Plant and Soil,2006,289(1):369-383.
[5] 王宝山,赵可夫.小麦叶片中Na、K提取方法的比较[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(1):50-52.
[6] 郑青松,王仁雷,刘友良.钙对盐胁迫下棉苗离子吸收分配的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27(4):325-330.
[7] 王树凤,胡韵雪,李志兰,等.盐胁迫对弗吉尼亚栎生长及矿质离子吸收、运输和分配的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(17):4609-4616.
[8] 杨立飞,朱月林,胡春梅,等.NaCl胁迫对营养液栽培嫁接黄瓜生物量及离子分布的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(12):2500-2505.
[9] Wei W X,Bilsborrow P E,Hooley P,et al.Salinity induced differences in growth,ion distribution and partitioning in barley between the cultivar Maythorpe and its derived mutant Golden Promise[J].Plant and Soil,2003,250(2):183-191.
[10] 顾闽峰,王乃顶,王伟义,等.NaCl胁迫对结球甘蓝幼苗生长及体内离子分布的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(3):638-644.
[11] 唐晓倩,李金龙,李焕勇,等.NaCl处理对西伯利亚白刺幼苗生长及离子平衡的影响[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(3):517-524.
[12] 刘正祥,张华新,杨秀艳,等.NaCl胁迫下沙枣幼苗生长和阳离子吸收、运输与分配特性[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):326-336.
[13] 李玉梅,郭修武,姜云天.牛叠肚幼苗对盐胁迫的离子响应[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):353-361.
[14] 张梅茹,马金彪,姚银安,等.盐角草(Salicornia europaea)对NaCl处理的生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):441-447.
[15] 周俊国,朱月林,杨立飞,等.NaCl胁迫下中国南瓜杂交种和黑籽南瓜植株离子吸收与积累特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):546-551.
[16] 李银鹏,林鹏.盐度对木榄幼苗某些金属元素累积的影响及钙的效应[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):177-180.
[17] Teakle N L,Flowers T J,Real D,et al.Lotus tenuis tolerates the interactive effects of salinity and waterlogging by ‘excluding’Na+ and Cl- from the xylem[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(8):2169-2180.