资金-目标双优化法在路面养护决策中的应用
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摘要
在当前公路养护资金与路面性能需求提升矛盾日益显著条件下,进行有计划性的路面养护规划及决策极为重要。以多年度项目级养护规划为研究对象,提出了以养护路段为单位的项目级养护规划决策流程。结合当前管养工作中对资金及目标双重约束条件下的养护规划需求,重点针对资金规划中的养护方案优化阶段,明确了"资金-目标"双优化法的内容,并建立了优化原则及优化目标。提出了考虑时间影响、基于交通量及路况指标的资金优先级因子概念,建立了多年度规划条件下的"资金-目标"双优化法决策流程及资金排序优化方法,并以宁波某高速公路为例进行了资金与目标约束条件下的优化示例演示。结果表明:基于交通量及路况指标、考虑年度关联效应的优先级因子判断法量化了年度实施效应的影响;不同管养单位应根据各地对路况指标的实际需求,动态建立适合当地的优先级因子;"资金-目标"双优化法采取先资金优化、后目标优化、二者交叉校核的方式进行,同时按"长度优先-养护后推"迭代优化法进行;"资金-目标"双优化法在实际应用中具有较强的可行性与指导性,可用于辅助管理单位在对养护资金与路况目标有双重约束及需求条件下进行养护决策优化;资金或目标单重优化,亦可采用所推荐的步骤与流程进行拆解优化。
As the contradiction between highway maintenance fund and pavement performance demand greatly improving,it is very necessary to carry out road maintenance planning. Taking multi-annual project maintenance planning as the research object,the project maintenance planning decision-making process based on maintenance section is put forward. Combining the maintenance planning need of present maintenance under dual constraints of fund and target,focusing on the maintenance optimization stage during fund planning,the content of fund-target optimization method is identified,and the optimization principles and optimization target are built. Then,the concept of fund priority factor based on traffic and road condition indexes considering the influence of time is proposed,the decision-making process of fund-target optimization method and the optimization method of fund sorting under multi-annual planning condition are built,which is demonstrated taking an expressway in Ningbo under the constraint of fund and target for optimizing example,The result shows that( 1) the priority factor judgmental method based on traffic and road condition indicators as well as annual correlation effect quantified annual implementation effect;( 2) it is suggested that differentmanagement units should dynamically build priority factor which is suitable to local area according to local actual demand of road condition indicators;( 3) fund-target optimization method takes the way of fundoptimizing first, target-optimizing second and then the two cross checking, meanwhile, the iterative optimization method of "length first and maintenance postponed"is conducted;( 4) fund-target optimization method is very useful and feasible in actual application, which could help management unit make maintenance decision optimization under the double restraints and requirement of maintenance fund and road condition;( 5) fund optimized or target optimized could also be disassembled and optimized on the base of recommended steps and process for separate optimization.
As the contradiction between highway maintenance fund and pavement performance demand greatly improving,it is very necessary to carry out road maintenance planning. Taking multi-annual project maintenance planning as the research object,the project maintenance planning decision-making process based on maintenance section is put forward. Combining the maintenance planning need of present maintenance under dual constraints of fund and target,focusing on the maintenance optimization stage during fund planning,the content of fund-target optimization method is identified,and the optimization principles and optimization target are built. Then,the concept of fund priority factor based on traffic and road condition indexes considering the influence of time is proposed,the decision-making process of fund-target optimization method and the optimization method of fund sorting under multi-annual planning condition are built,which is demonstrated taking an expressway in Ningbo under the constraint of fund and target for optimizing example,The result shows that( 1) the priority factor judgmental method based on traffic and road condition indicators as well as annual correlation effect quantified annual implementation effect;( 2) it is suggested that differentmanagement units should dynamically build priority factor which is suitable to local area according to local actual demand of road condition indicators;( 3) fund-target optimization method takes the way of fundoptimizing first, target-optimizing second and then the two cross checking, meanwhile, the iterative optimization method of "length first and maintenance postponed"is conducted;( 4) fund-target optimization method is very useful and feasible in actual application, which could help management unit make maintenance decision optimization under the double restraints and requirement of maintenance fund and road condition;( 5) fund optimized or target optimized could also be disassembled and optimized on the base of recommended steps and process for separate optimization.
引文
[1]彭华,孙立军,陈长.沥青路面网级管理系统中资金优化模型[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(8):1177-1180.PENG Hua,SUN Li-jun,CHEN Chang.Optimal Maintenance Fund Allocation Models for Network Level Asphalt Pavement Management Systems[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2010,38(8):1177-1180.
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[3]王端宜,彭霞.基于PAVERTM路面管理系统的路网养护策略分析[J].中外公路,2014,34(3):57-60.WANG Duan-yi,PENG Xia.Analysis of Road Network Maintenance Strategy Based on PAVERTM[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2014,34(3):57-60.
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[7]宋洋,钟登华.考虑资金时间价值因素的多资源均衡优化[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(9):1048-1051.SONG Yang,ZHONG Deng-hua.Optimization of MultiResource Balance Considering Time Value of Funds[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2006,39(9):1048-1051.
[8]周礼中.成都绕城高速路面性能评估预测与养护决策研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004.ZHOU Li-zhong.Study on Evaluation and Prediction of Pavement Performance and Maintenance Countermeasures of Expressway Circling in Chengdu[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2004.
[9]彭霞.基于路面管理系统的高速公路沥青路面养护策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.PENG Xia.Study on Expressway Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Strategy Based on Pavement Management System[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014.
[10]徐龙.公路路面维护资金分配的优化决策研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.XU Long.Research on Optimization Decision-making for Fund Allocation in Pavement Maintenance[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2013.
[11]韩世莲,刘新旺,黄卫.基于模糊推理的公路养护资金多目标分配问题求解[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(5):25-28.HAN Shi-lian,LIU Xin-wang,HUANG Wei.A Fuzzy Inference Based Approach for Fund Allocation of Expressway Maintenance Management[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(5):25-28.
[12]俞先江.高速公路沥青路面养护辅助决策研究[D].南京:东南大学,2004.YU Xian-jiang.Study on Assistant Decision-making of Expressway Asphalt Pavement Maintenance[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2004.
[13]倪富健,屠伟新,黄卫.基于神经网络技术的路面性能预估模型[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2000,30(5):91-95.NI Fu-jian,TU Wei-xin,HUANG Wei.Pavement Performance Forecasting Model Based on Neural Network[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2000,30(5):91-95.
[14]樊旭英,高凤春,王海龙,等.基于改进EW-AHP的沥青路面预防性养护评价模型[J].公路交通科技,2017,34(9):8-13.FAN Xu-ying,GAO Feng-chun,WANG Hai-long,et al.A Model for Asphalt Pavement Preventive Maintenance Evaluation Based on Improved EW-AHP[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2017,34(9):8-13.
[15]林俊涛,吴少鹏,刘全涛,等.沥青路面功能性预养护材料的养护时机研究[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(9):19-23.LIN Jun-tao,WU Shao-peng,LIU Quan-tao,et al.Research on Maintenance Time for Functional Preventive Materials in Asphalt Pavement[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(9):19-23.
[16]王朝辉,王丽君,白军华,等.基于时段的沥青路面预防性养护时机与对策一体优化研究[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(5):27-34.WANG Chao-hui,WANG Li-jun,BAI Jun-hua,et al.Research on Integration Optimization of Asphalt Pavement Preventive Maintenance Timing and Countermeasures during Period[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(5):27-34.
[17]程珊珊,潘玉利.专家系统在路面养护管理中的应用研究及展望[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):57-60.CHENG Shan-shan,PAN Yu-li.Application of Expert System in Pavement Maintenance Management-state of the Art and Future[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(6):57-60.
[18]芮少权,匡安乐.高速公路月底交通量ARIMA预测模型[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(4):82-91.RUI Shao-quan,KUANG An-le.ARIMA Model of Expressway Traffic Volume Monthly Forecasting[J].Journal of Chang’an University:Natural Science Edition,2010,30(4):82-91.
[2]武建民,刘大彬,李福聪,等.基于时间序列分析法的沥青路面使用性能预测[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(3):1-7.WU Jian-min,LIU Da-bin,LI Fu-cong,et al.Performance Prediction of Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Based on Time Series Analysis[J].Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition,2015,35(3):1-7.
[3]王端宜,彭霞.基于PAVERTM路面管理系统的路网养护策略分析[J].中外公路,2014,34(3):57-60.WANG Duan-yi,PENG Xia.Analysis of Road Network Maintenance Strategy Based on PAVERTM[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2014,34(3):57-60.
[4]苏卫国,李绍杰.县道路网路面养护修复资金优化分析[J].中外公路,2017,37(2):310-315.SU Wei-guo,LI Shao-jie.Analysis of Fund Optimization for Maintenance and Repair of County Network Pavement[J].Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2017,37(2):310-315.
[5]吴文娟,沙爱民,姚辉宁,等.高速公路资产综合优化管理研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(4):146-152.WU Wen-juan,SHA Ai-min,YAO Hui-ning,et al.Research on Integrated Optimization Management of Expressway Asset[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(4):146-152.
[6]李志刚,刘新杰,邓学钧.基于神经网络的高速公路沥青路面决策方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(4):28-30.LI Zhi-gang,LIU Xin-jie,DENG Xue-jun.Decisionmaking Models for Freeway Asphalt Pavements Based on Neural Network[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(4):28-30.
[7]宋洋,钟登华.考虑资金时间价值因素的多资源均衡优化[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(9):1048-1051.SONG Yang,ZHONG Deng-hua.Optimization of MultiResource Balance Considering Time Value of Funds[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2006,39(9):1048-1051.
[8]周礼中.成都绕城高速路面性能评估预测与养护决策研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2004.ZHOU Li-zhong.Study on Evaluation and Prediction of Pavement Performance and Maintenance Countermeasures of Expressway Circling in Chengdu[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2004.
[9]彭霞.基于路面管理系统的高速公路沥青路面养护策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2014.PENG Xia.Study on Expressway Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Strategy Based on Pavement Management System[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2014.
[10]徐龙.公路路面维护资金分配的优化决策研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.XU Long.Research on Optimization Decision-making for Fund Allocation in Pavement Maintenance[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2013.
[11]韩世莲,刘新旺,黄卫.基于模糊推理的公路养护资金多目标分配问题求解[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(5):25-28.HAN Shi-lian,LIU Xin-wang,HUANG Wei.A Fuzzy Inference Based Approach for Fund Allocation of Expressway Maintenance Management[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2001,18(5):25-28.
[12]俞先江.高速公路沥青路面养护辅助决策研究[D].南京:东南大学,2004.YU Xian-jiang.Study on Assistant Decision-making of Expressway Asphalt Pavement Maintenance[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2004.
[13]倪富健,屠伟新,黄卫.基于神经网络技术的路面性能预估模型[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2000,30(5):91-95.NI Fu-jian,TU Wei-xin,HUANG Wei.Pavement Performance Forecasting Model Based on Neural Network[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2000,30(5):91-95.
[14]樊旭英,高凤春,王海龙,等.基于改进EW-AHP的沥青路面预防性养护评价模型[J].公路交通科技,2017,34(9):8-13.FAN Xu-ying,GAO Feng-chun,WANG Hai-long,et al.A Model for Asphalt Pavement Preventive Maintenance Evaluation Based on Improved EW-AHP[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2017,34(9):8-13.
[15]林俊涛,吴少鹏,刘全涛,等.沥青路面功能性预养护材料的养护时机研究[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(9):19-23.LIN Jun-tao,WU Shao-peng,LIU Quan-tao,et al.Research on Maintenance Time for Functional Preventive Materials in Asphalt Pavement[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(9):19-23.
[16]王朝辉,王丽君,白军华,等.基于时段的沥青路面预防性养护时机与对策一体优化研究[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(5):27-34.WANG Chao-hui,WANG Li-jun,BAI Jun-hua,et al.Research on Integration Optimization of Asphalt Pavement Preventive Maintenance Timing and Countermeasures during Period[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(5):27-34.
[17]程珊珊,潘玉利.专家系统在路面养护管理中的应用研究及展望[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):57-60.CHENG Shan-shan,PAN Yu-li.Application of Expert System in Pavement Maintenance Management-state of the Art and Future[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(6):57-60.
[18]芮少权,匡安乐.高速公路月底交通量ARIMA预测模型[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(4):82-91.RUI Shao-quan,KUANG An-le.ARIMA Model of Expressway Traffic Volume Monthly Forecasting[J].Journal of Chang’an University:Natural Science Edition,2010,30(4):82-91.