碳纳米管环氧树脂复合材料的拉敏性研究
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摘要
碳纳米管是近年来新兴起的具有优异力学性能和电学性能的材料。向环氧树脂中加入碳纳米管可以制成具有机敏性能的复合材料。试验采用两极法,通过改变碳纳米管的浓度确定了碳纳米管环氧树脂复合材料的渗流阈值;研究了温度和湿度对复合材料导电性能的影响;同时采用循环荷载逐级加载的加载方式,研究了复合材料的拉敏性能。试验结果表明:碳纳米管环氧树脂复合材料的渗流阈值区间为0. 5wt%～1. 0wt%,在此区间内,随着碳纳米管掺量增加,碳纳米管环氧树脂复合材料的电阻率下降明显;随着温度的升高和降低,复合材料的电阻变化率也相应地呈现出增加和减小的趋势,环境中的水分对复合材料的电阻率几乎没有影响;与碳纳米管掺量为0. 9wt%时,拉敏性开始明显出现,当掺量大于1. 2wt%时,拉敏性逐渐消失,当碳纳米管掺量为1wt%时,拉敏性最佳。
Carbon nanotube is an emerging material with excellent mechanical properties and electrical properties in recent years. The addition of carbon nanotubes to epoxy resins can be made into composites with sensing effect. The bipolar method was used to determine the percolation threshold of carbon nanotube epoxy composites by changing the concentration of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature and humidity on the electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. At the same time,the cyclic loading method was used to study the pulling sensitivity of the composite. It was found that the intervals of percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes epoxy resin matrix composites was ranging from 0. 5 wt% to 0. 8 wt%. In this interval,with the increase of the amount of carbon nanotubes,the electrical resistivity of the carbon nanotube epoxy composite decreased significantly. As the temperature increases and decreases,the resistivity of the composite material also shows a corresponding increase and decrease. Moisture in the environment has almost no effect on the resistivity of the composite. The pulling sensitivity of the material appears obviously when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 0. 9 wt% and the pulling sensitivity fades away when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 1. 2 wt%. It is proved that the pulling sensitivity of the material is the best when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 1. 0 wt%.
Carbon nanotube is an emerging material with excellent mechanical properties and electrical properties in recent years. The addition of carbon nanotubes to epoxy resins can be made into composites with sensing effect. The bipolar method was used to determine the percolation threshold of carbon nanotube epoxy composites by changing the concentration of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature and humidity on the electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. At the same time,the cyclic loading method was used to study the pulling sensitivity of the composite. It was found that the intervals of percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes epoxy resin matrix composites was ranging from 0. 5 wt% to 0. 8 wt%. In this interval,with the increase of the amount of carbon nanotubes,the electrical resistivity of the carbon nanotube epoxy composite decreased significantly. As the temperature increases and decreases,the resistivity of the composite material also shows a corresponding increase and decrease. Moisture in the environment has almost no effect on the resistivity of the composite. The pulling sensitivity of the material appears obviously when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 0. 9 wt% and the pulling sensitivity fades away when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 1. 2 wt%. It is proved that the pulling sensitivity of the material is the best when the amount of carbon nanotubes is 1. 0 wt%.
引文
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[16]李卞.多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的固化行为及其动态力学性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.
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[19]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.碳纤维水泥石电阻测试方法研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2003(6):6-8.
[2]姚占勇,韩杰,商庆森,等.碳纤维石墨导电沥青砂浆压敏性能研究[J].山东大学学报:工学版2013,43(1):80-85.
[3]李红艳,季铁正,李佳.环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料制备及导电性能研究进展[D].西安:西北工业大学,2011.
[4]赵学英.环氧树脂/碳纳米管导电涂层材料的制备与研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2013.
[5]王利民,孟刚,孟晓明.碳纳米管导电防腐涂料微观形貌及性能研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(5):1571-1577.
[6]周二振,应济.碳纳米管阵列/环氧树脂的导热导电性能[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[7]Vahedi F,Shahverdi H R,Shokrieh M M,et al. Effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy resin based nanocomposites[J]. Materials Science and Engineering Department,2014.
[8]胡乃强,刘秀军,李同起.碳纳米管增强环氧树脂基复合材料研究进展及建议[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.
[9]林少锋.碳纳米管含量及分散性对环氧树脂复合材料导电性及力学性能的影响[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2014.
[10]Moisala A,Li Q,Kinloch I A,et al. Thermal and electrical conductivity of single-and multi-walled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2006,66(10):1285-1288.
[11]Kim J A,Seong D G,Kang T G,et al. Effects of surface modification on rheological and mechanical properties of CNT/epoxy composites[J]. Carbon,2006,44(10):1898-1905.
[12]Spitalsky Z,Krontiras C A,Georga S N,et al.Effect of oxidation treatment of multiwalled carbon nanotubeson the mechanical and electrical properties of their epoxy composites[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2009,40(6/7):778-783.
[13]Bauhofer W,Kovacs J Z. A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2009,69(10):1486-1498.
[14]贾春燕.碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.
[15]武新胜.多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合机敏材料的性能及制备工艺研究[D].济南:山东大学,2017.
[16]李卞.多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的固化行为及其动态力学性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009.
[17]Allaouia A,Baia S,Chengb H M,et al. Mechanical and electrical properties of a MWNT/epoxy composite[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2002,62:1993-1998.
[18]郝光宗,邢丽缘,梁强威.饱和盐水溶液湿度固定点—原理及制备[J].传感器世界,1999(11):1-4.
[19]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.碳纤维水泥石电阻测试方法研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2003(6):6-8.