不同池塘养殖模式下草鱼肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成的比较
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摘要
[目的]比较不同池塘养殖模式草鱼的肌肉营养成分和氨基酸组成。[方法]研究鱼菜共生养殖模式、高密度精养模式和山塘不投饵养殖模式3种池塘养殖模式对草鱼肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成的影响。[结果]3组草鱼的脏体指数为10.81%～12.28%,肝体指数为2.16%～2.68%,肥满度为1.61%～1.92%;3组草鱼肌肉中水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);3组均测得18种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量为170.0～203.3 g/kg,其中8种人体必需氨基酸的含量为69.6～84.1 g/kg,占氨基酸总量的40.93%～41.80%;4种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的35.39%～36.64%。[结论]该研究可为草鱼池塘养殖品质的提升提供参考。
[Objective] To study the nutritional components and amino acid composition in the muscle of grass carp under different pond culture models. [Method] The effects of symbiotic culture of fish and vegetables, high-density intensive culture and non-bait culture fish on the nutritional components and amino acid composition in the muscle of grass carp were studied. [Result] The organ index of grass carp in three groups was 10.81%-12.28%, and the liver index was 2.16%-2.68%, relative fatness was 1.61%-1.92%. There was no significant difference in the contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude fat in the muscles(P>0.05). All 18 kinds of common amino acids were measured in three groups, and the total amount of amino acids was 170.0-203.3 g/kg. The content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids for human body was 69.6-84.1 g/kg, accounting for 40.93%-41.80% of the total amino acids. 4 kinds of delicious amino acids accounted for 35.39%-36.64% of the total amino acids. [Conclusion]This study could provide reference for improving the pond culture quality of grass fish.
[Objective] To study the nutritional components and amino acid composition in the muscle of grass carp under different pond culture models. [Method] The effects of symbiotic culture of fish and vegetables, high-density intensive culture and non-bait culture fish on the nutritional components and amino acid composition in the muscle of grass carp were studied. [Result] The organ index of grass carp in three groups was 10.81%-12.28%, and the liver index was 2.16%-2.68%, relative fatness was 1.61%-1.92%. There was no significant difference in the contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude fat in the muscles(P>0.05). All 18 kinds of common amino acids were measured in three groups, and the total amount of amino acids was 170.0-203.3 g/kg. The content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids for human body was 69.6-84.1 g/kg, accounting for 40.93%-41.80% of the total amino acids. 4 kinds of delicious amino acids accounted for 35.39%-36.64% of the total amino acids. [Conclusion]This study could provide reference for improving the pond culture quality of grass fish.
引文
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[19] 田丽霞,刘永坚,冯健,等.不同种类淀粉对草鱼生长、肠系膜脂肪沉积和鱼体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):247-251.
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[2] 农业农村部渔业渔政管理局,全国水产技术推广总站,中国水产学会.2018中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018.
[3] 李迪,李伟,肖调义,等.草鱼(♀)×赤眼鳟(♂)杂交F1与其亲本的肌肉特性比较研究[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2016,39(3):28-33,95.
[4] 吕帆,朱文彬,王兰梅,等.福瑞鲤与黄河鲤、建鲤鱼肉品质的比较及影响肉质的主成分分析[J].食品科学,2016,37(5):28-34.
[5] 宋咏.三峡库区水域牧场放养与池塘养殖鲢鳙肌肉品质和消化酶活力以及形态的比较研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.
[6] 马玲巧,亓成龙,曹静静,等.水库网箱和池塘养殖斑点叉尾鲬回肌肉营养成分和品质的比较分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(4):531-536.
[7] 谢春华.草型湖泊与藻型湖泊鲢、鳙渔产潜力及鳙肌肉品质研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.
[8] 邹礼根,郭水荣,翁丽萍,等.两种不同养殖模式对青鱼肌肉营养品质的影响[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2018,31(4):25-30.
[9] 崔光艳,姜增华,王假真,等.2种养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肌肉营养成分的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(9):212-214.
[10] 钟鸿干,马军,姜芳燕,等.2种养殖模式下斑石鲷肌肉营养成分及品质的比较[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(1):155-158.
[11] 焦晓磊,苏建,罗煜,等.两种不同池塘养殖模式下鲫鱼营养成分和氨基酸组成分析[J].四川农业科技,2016(4):51-52.
[12] 毕香梅,郁二蒙,王广军,等.摄食青草和人工配合饲料的草鱼肌肉营养成分分析及比较[J].广东农业科学,2011(1):132-134.
[13] 梁萍.投喂蚕豆和脆化专用配合饲料对草鱼生长性能及肌肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(18):33-37.
[14] 毛东东,张凯,欧红霞,等.投喂皇竹草和配合饲料对草鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(1):7-13.
[15] 程辉辉,谢从新,李大鹏,等.种青养鱼模式下的草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1050-1059.
[16] FAO.Energy and protein requirements[S].Rome:FAO Meetings Report Series,1973:52.
[17]中国预防科学院营养与卫生研究所.食品成分表[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:38-78.
[18] PELLETT P L,YONG V R.Nutritional evaluation of protein foods[M].Tokyo:The United National University Publishing Company,1980:26-29.
[19] 田丽霞,刘永坚,冯健,等.不同种类淀粉对草鱼生长、肠系膜脂肪沉积和鱼体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):247-251.
[20] TAO/WHO.Joint FAO/WHO food standards program codex committee additives and contaminants [R].Geneva:FAO/WHO,1997.