保护性耕作拟合曲线型深松铲设计与试验
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摘要
针对东北地区深松整地作业中,深松铲土壤扰动量和耕作阻力大的问题,以离散元(EDEM)软件仿真分析铲尖对土壤的作用为依据,设计了拟合曲线型深松铲。采用离散元软件模拟深松铲铲尖在土壤中的运动,获得铲尖上方土壤颗粒运动轨迹的拟合曲线和拟合方程,采用线元设计法对线形优化,获得铲柄外形曲线;同时设计了刃部、切削刃角、入土角,并通过铲柄与铲尖的互作效应试验验证了分层的可行性与合理性。土槽对比试验表明,拟合曲线型深松铲有效降低了土壤扰动量和耕作阻力,比折线式深松铲土壤扰动量减少了53.6%,耕作阻力减少了36.23%;比圆弧式深松铲土壤扰动量减少了66.18%,耕作阻力减少了29.18%。田间对比试验表明,拟合曲线型深松铲比折线式深松铲回土面积增加了81.03%,比圆弧式深松铲的回土面积增加了146.95%。土槽和田间试验表明,拟合曲线型深松铲土壤扰动量小、耕作阻力小,满足深松作业的要求。
A fitting curve subsoiler was designed aiming at the problems of large soil disturbance and large tillage resistance caused by subsoiler in sub-soiling site preparation work in Northeast China. The discrete element( EDEM) software was used to simulate the movement of the tip of a subsoiler in the soil. Through calculating,the fitting curve and fitting equation were obtained from the trajectory of soil particles above the tip of shovel. After summarizing,the method of line element design was used to optimize the alignment to acquire the curve of shovel handle shape,meanwhile,to design the edge,lip and penetration angle were cut. Then the interaction effect test of shovel handle and shovel tip were used to prove the feasibility and rationality of the design. The contrast test of soil trough showed a fitting curve subsoiler can effectively reduce the soil disturbance and tillage resistance. Compared with polygonal subsoiler,the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil disturbance reduced by 53. 6%,tillage resistance reduced by 36. 23%. Compared with circular subsoiler,it made the soil disturbance reduced by 66. 18%and the tillage resistance reduced by 29. 18%. Compared the fitting curve subsoiler with the polygonal subsoiler with field experiment,it was showed that using the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil return area increased by 81. 03%. Compared with circular subsoiler,the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil return area increased by 146. 95%. Both the soil trough experiment and the field experiment verified that the fitting curve subsoiler can make the soil disturbance smaller and tillage resistance smaller,which met the requirements of sub-soiling operation.
A fitting curve subsoiler was designed aiming at the problems of large soil disturbance and large tillage resistance caused by subsoiler in sub-soiling site preparation work in Northeast China. The discrete element( EDEM) software was used to simulate the movement of the tip of a subsoiler in the soil. Through calculating,the fitting curve and fitting equation were obtained from the trajectory of soil particles above the tip of shovel. After summarizing,the method of line element design was used to optimize the alignment to acquire the curve of shovel handle shape,meanwhile,to design the edge,lip and penetration angle were cut. Then the interaction effect test of shovel handle and shovel tip were used to prove the feasibility and rationality of the design. The contrast test of soil trough showed a fitting curve subsoiler can effectively reduce the soil disturbance and tillage resistance. Compared with polygonal subsoiler,the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil disturbance reduced by 53. 6%,tillage resistance reduced by 36. 23%. Compared with circular subsoiler,it made the soil disturbance reduced by 66. 18%and the tillage resistance reduced by 29. 18%. Compared the fitting curve subsoiler with the polygonal subsoiler with field experiment,it was showed that using the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil return area increased by 81. 03%. Compared with circular subsoiler,the fitting curve subsoiler made the soil return area increased by 146. 95%. Both the soil trough experiment and the field experiment verified that the fitting curve subsoiler can make the soil disturbance smaller and tillage resistance smaller,which met the requirements of sub-soiling operation.
引文
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3邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa.Experimental study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
4 SHAHGOLIA G,FIELKE J,SAUNDERS C,et al.Simulation of the dynamic behaviour of a tractor-oscillating subsoiler system[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(2):147-155.
5李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
6张强,张璐,刘宪军,等.基于有限元法的仿生钩形深松铲耕作阻力[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2012,42(增刊1):117-121.ZHANG Qiang,ZHANG Lu,LIU Xianjun,et al.Soil resistance of the bionic hook-shape subsoiler based on the finite element method[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2012,42(Supp.1):117-121.(in Chinese)
7龚皓晖,王霜.仿生深松铲结构设计与有限元分析[J].农机化研究,2013,35(7):53-57.GONG Haohui,WANG Shuang.Bionic subsoiler sructural design with the finite element analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2013,35(7):53-57.(in Chinese)
8张金波,佟金,马云海.仿生减阻深松铲设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):141-145.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140422&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.022.ZHANG Jinbo,TONG Jin,MA Yunhai.Design and experiment of bionic anti-drag subsoiler[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):141-145.(in Chinese)
9朱风武,佟金.土壤深松技术及高效节能仿生研究的发展[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2003,33(2):95-99.ZHU Fengwu,TONG Jin.Development of high efficient and energy saving bionic bubsoiling techniques[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2003,33(2):95-99.(in Chinese)
10黄玉祥,杭程光,苑梦婵,等.深松土壤扰动行为的离散元仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):80-88.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160712&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.012.HUANG Yuxiang,HANG Chengguang,YUAN Mengchan,et al.Discrete element simulation and experiment on disturbance behavior of subsoiling[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):80-88.(in Chinese)
11于建群,钱立彬,于文静,等.开沟器工作阻力的离散元法仿真分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(6):53-57.YU Jianqun,QIAN Libin,YU Wenjing,et al.Discrete element method of the resistances applied on furrow openers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(6):53-57.(in Chinese)
12丁启朔.耕作力学研究的土壤结构及其评价方法[D].南京:南京农业大学,2006.DING Qishuo.Soil structure and its assessment for soil tillage research[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese)
13丁启朔,任骏,BELAL Eisa Adam,等.湿粘水稻土深松过程离散元分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):38-48.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170305&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/jissn.1000-1298.2017.03.005.DING Qishuo,REN Jun,BELAL Eisa Adam,et al.DEM analysis of subsoiling process in wet clayey paddy soil[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):38-48.(in Chinese)
14孟凤英.粘性土壤破碎机理及分形规律研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.MENG Fengying.A study on the fragmentation mechanism of cohesive soil and its fractal characteristics[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
15周祖锷.农业物料学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
16 JB/T 9788-1999深松铲和铲柄[S].1999.
17胡建平,周春健,侯冲,等.磁吸板式排种器充种性能离散元仿真[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):94-98.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140216&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.02.016.HU Jianping,ZHOU Chunjian,HOU Chong,et al.Simulation analysis of seed-filling performance of magnetic plate seedmetering device by discrete element method[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(2):94-98.(in Chinese)
18韩燕龙,贾富国,唐玉荣,等.颗粒滚动摩擦系数对堆积特性的影响[J].物理学报,2014,63(17):165-171.HAN Yanlong,JIA Fuguo,TANG Yurong,et al.Influence of granular coefficient of rolling friction on accumulation characteristics[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(17):165-171.(in Chinese)
19曹秀振.基于离散元法的免耕播种开沟器的设计与试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.CAO Xiuzhen.Design and test of no-till seeding opener on discrete element method[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
20 MUSTAFA U,JOHN M F,CHRIS S.Three dimensional discrete element modeling DEM of tillage accounting for soil cohesion and adhesion[J].Biosystems Engineering,2015,129:298-306.
21中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
22吉尔W R,范德伯奇G E.耕作和牵引土壤动力学[M].耕作和牵引土壤动力学翻译组,译.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983.
23 DAMORA D,PANDEY K P.Evaluation of performance of furrow openers of combined seed and fertilizer drills[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1995,34(2):127-139.
24 TESSIER S,SAXTON K E,PAPENDICK R I,et al.Zero-tillage furrow opener effects on seed environment and wheat emergence[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1991,21(3-4):347-360.
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