泥石流梁式格栅坝调控性能试验研究
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摘要
梁式格栅坝是泥石流防治工程中重要和常见的透过型拦砂坝之一,在铁路等线路泥石流防治中具有良好的应用前景与价值。梁式格栅坝对泥石流的调控作用主要体现在泥石流容重、峰值流量、一次冲出总量、冲击特性以及泥石流持续时间等方面。基于量纲分析推导考虑泥石流性质、坝体结构参数、泥石流运动状态等因素影响下梁式格栅坝调节作用的计算式,并结合室内水槽模拟试验结果通过最小二乘法确定计算式中的相应系数,计算值与试验值有较好的吻合度。研究成果可为梁式格栅坝的工程优化设计提供科学合理的依据与技术支持,有助于对梁式格栅坝的调控效果做出客观评价,使梁式格栅坝更好地为防灾减灾服务。
Beam dam, as one of the most important and common open-type check dams in debris flow control projects, has good application prospects and value in debris flow control for railway lines. The regulating effect of beam dam on debris flows, is mainly reflected in these aspects, such as bulk density, peak discharge, total volume, impact characteristics and duration of debris flow. Based on the principle of dimensional analysis, a formula for determining regulative performance of beam dam considering the effects of debris flow properties, structure parameter of beam dam and fluid motion state was deduced. Combined with the indoor flume simulation test results, the corresponding coefficients in the calculation formula were determined by the least square method, and the calculated values are consistent with the experimental values. The research results can provide reasonable basis and technical support for the optimized design of beam dam, and are conducive to the objective evaluation of the regulative effect of beam dam, in order to make a better role of the beam dam in disaster prevention and mitigation.
Beam dam, as one of the most important and common open-type check dams in debris flow control projects, has good application prospects and value in debris flow control for railway lines. The regulating effect of beam dam on debris flows, is mainly reflected in these aspects, such as bulk density, peak discharge, total volume, impact characteristics and duration of debris flow. Based on the principle of dimensional analysis, a formula for determining regulative performance of beam dam considering the effects of debris flow properties, structure parameter of beam dam and fluid motion state was deduced. Combined with the indoor flume simulation test results, the corresponding coefficients in the calculation formula were determined by the least square method, and the calculated values are consistent with the experimental values. The research results can provide reasonable basis and technical support for the optimized design of beam dam, and are conducive to the objective evaluation of the regulative effect of beam dam, in order to make a better role of the beam dam in disaster prevention and mitigation.
引文
[1] 李德基. 透水型拦挡坝在泥石流防治中的应用[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 1997, 8(4): 60-66. LI Deji. The Application of Permeable Dam in Debris Flow Control[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 1997, 8(4): 60-66.
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[3] 崔鹏, 陈晓清, 柳素清, 等. 风景区泥石流防治特点与技术[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(6): 172-180. CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing, LIU Suqing, et al. Technique of Debris Flow Prevention in National Parks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6): 172-180.
[4] 费祥俊, 舒安平. 泥石流运动机理与灾害防治[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[5] 李德基. 泥石流减灾理论与实践[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[6] 陈晓清, 崔鹏, 游勇,等. 汶川地震区大型泥石流工程防治体系规划方法探索[J]. 水利学报, 2013, 39(5):586-593. CHEN Xiaoqing, CUI Peng, YOU Yong, et al. Layout Methods of Control Works Preventing Large Scale Debris Flows in Wenchuan Earthquake Area[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2013, 39(5):586-593.
[7] CHEN X, CUI P, YOU Y, et al. Engineering Measures for Debris Flow Hazard Mitigation in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area[J]. Engineering Geology, 2014, 194:73-85.
[8] ZOU Y H, CHEN X Q. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Slot-check Dam System on Debris Flow Control[J]. Journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2015 (3): 5777-5804.
[9] 游勇. 泥石流梁式格栅坝拦砂性能试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2001, 15(1): 113-115.YOU Yong. Characteristics of Intercepting Sediment of Debris Flow Check Dam[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001,15(1): 113-115.
[10] 韩文兵, 欧国强. 水石流梳子型切口坝拦砂性能试验研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004, 11(3): 286-288. HAN Wenbing, OU Guoqiang. Experimental Study on Effect of Intercepting Sediment of Silt Dam[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 11(3): 286-288.
[11] 贾世涛, 崔鹏, 陈晓清,等. 拦沙坝调节泥石流拦挡与输移性能的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(11): 2338-2345. JIA Shitao, CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing, et al. Experiment Study of Regulating Barrage and Transportation Properties of Debris Flow by Silt-trap Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011 , 30(11): 2338-2345.
[12] 赵彦波. 窗口坝拦挡泥石流性能实验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2013.
[13] LIN X,HUO M, ZHOU J W, et al. An Experimental Study on Controlling Post-earthquake Debris Flows Using Slit Dams[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(22):780.
[14] LIEN H P. Design of Slit Dams for Controlling Stony Debris Flows[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2003, 18(1): 74-87.
[15] TAKAHIRO Itoh, SHIGEO Horiuchi, KAZUHIKO Kaitsuka, et al. Fundamental Hydraulic Flume Tests Focused on Sediment Control Function Using a Grid-type High Dam[C]// 5th International Conference on Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment. Padua:ASCE, 2011: 1050-1061.
[16] TAKAHIRO Itoh, SHIGEO Horiuchi, TAKAHISA Mizuyama. Hydraulic Model Tests for Evaluating Sediment Control Function with a Grid-type Sabo Dam in Mountainous Torrents[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2013, 28(4): 511-522.
[17] ARMANINI A, LARCHER M. Rational Criterion for Designing Opening of Slit-check Dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001, 127(2): 94-104.
[18] ARMANINI A, DALR C, LARCHER M. Slit-check Dams for Controlling Debris Flow and Mudflow[M].Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, 2006:141-148.
[19] GUILLAUME Piton, ALAIN Recking. Design of Sediment Traps with Open Check Dams. Ⅰ: Hydraulic and Deposition Processes[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 04015045: 1-16.
[20] GUILLAUME Piton, ALAIN Recking. Design of Sediment Traps with Open Check Dams. Ⅱ: Woody Debris[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 04015046: 1-14.
[21] 沈寿长, 王韦. 铁路沿线泥石流灾害防治技术的进展与方向[J]. 铁道工程学报,1996 (2): 176-181.SHEN Shouchang, WANG Wei. Development of Disaster Mitigation Technique Against Debris Flow along Chinese Railway Lines[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 1996(2):176-181.
[22] 周必凡, 李德基, 罗德富,等. 泥石流防治指南[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1991.
[2] 陈晓清, 崔鹏, 唐邦兴, 等. 具有风景区泥石流治理特色的土木工程措施[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2006, 17(2): 79-84.CHEN Xiaoqing, CUI Peng, TANG Bangxing, et al. Civil Engineering Techniques for Debris Flow Control in National Park[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2006, 17(2): 79-84.
[3] 崔鹏, 陈晓清, 柳素清, 等. 风景区泥石流防治特点与技术[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(6): 172-180. CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing, LIU Suqing, et al. Technique of Debris Flow Prevention in National Parks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6): 172-180.
[4] 费祥俊, 舒安平. 泥石流运动机理与灾害防治[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.
[5] 李德基. 泥石流减灾理论与实践[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[6] 陈晓清, 崔鹏, 游勇,等. 汶川地震区大型泥石流工程防治体系规划方法探索[J]. 水利学报, 2013, 39(5):586-593. CHEN Xiaoqing, CUI Peng, YOU Yong, et al. Layout Methods of Control Works Preventing Large Scale Debris Flows in Wenchuan Earthquake Area[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2013, 39(5):586-593.
[7] CHEN X, CUI P, YOU Y, et al. Engineering Measures for Debris Flow Hazard Mitigation in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area[J]. Engineering Geology, 2014, 194:73-85.
[8] ZOU Y H, CHEN X Q. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Slot-check Dam System on Debris Flow Control[J]. Journal Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2015 (3): 5777-5804.
[9] 游勇. 泥石流梁式格栅坝拦砂性能试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2001, 15(1): 113-115.YOU Yong. Characteristics of Intercepting Sediment of Debris Flow Check Dam[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001,15(1): 113-115.
[10] 韩文兵, 欧国强. 水石流梳子型切口坝拦砂性能试验研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004, 11(3): 286-288. HAN Wenbing, OU Guoqiang. Experimental Study on Effect of Intercepting Sediment of Silt Dam[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004, 11(3): 286-288.
[11] 贾世涛, 崔鹏, 陈晓清,等. 拦沙坝调节泥石流拦挡与输移性能的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学与工程学报, 2011, 30(11): 2338-2345. JIA Shitao, CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing, et al. Experiment Study of Regulating Barrage and Transportation Properties of Debris Flow by Silt-trap Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011 , 30(11): 2338-2345.
[12] 赵彦波. 窗口坝拦挡泥石流性能实验研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2013.
[13] LIN X,HUO M, ZHOU J W, et al. An Experimental Study on Controlling Post-earthquake Debris Flows Using Slit Dams[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(22):780.
[14] LIEN H P. Design of Slit Dams for Controlling Stony Debris Flows[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2003, 18(1): 74-87.
[15] TAKAHIRO Itoh, SHIGEO Horiuchi, KAZUHIKO Kaitsuka, et al. Fundamental Hydraulic Flume Tests Focused on Sediment Control Function Using a Grid-type High Dam[C]// 5th International Conference on Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment. Padua:ASCE, 2011: 1050-1061.
[16] TAKAHIRO Itoh, SHIGEO Horiuchi, TAKAHISA Mizuyama. Hydraulic Model Tests for Evaluating Sediment Control Function with a Grid-type Sabo Dam in Mountainous Torrents[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2013, 28(4): 511-522.
[17] ARMANINI A, LARCHER M. Rational Criterion for Designing Opening of Slit-check Dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2001, 127(2): 94-104.
[18] ARMANINI A, DALR C, LARCHER M. Slit-check Dams for Controlling Debris Flow and Mudflow[M].Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, 2006:141-148.
[19] GUILLAUME Piton, ALAIN Recking. Design of Sediment Traps with Open Check Dams. Ⅰ: Hydraulic and Deposition Processes[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 04015045: 1-16.
[20] GUILLAUME Piton, ALAIN Recking. Design of Sediment Traps with Open Check Dams. Ⅱ: Woody Debris[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015, 04015046: 1-14.
[21] 沈寿长, 王韦. 铁路沿线泥石流灾害防治技术的进展与方向[J]. 铁道工程学报,1996 (2): 176-181.SHEN Shouchang, WANG Wei. Development of Disaster Mitigation Technique Against Debris Flow along Chinese Railway Lines[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 1996(2):176-181.
[22] 周必凡, 李德基, 罗德富,等. 泥石流防治指南[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1991.