基于源解析的傍河水源地污染风险季节性变化特征分析
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摘要
傍河开采已成为国际公认的新型安全的取水方式.本文以哈尔滨呼兰水源地为研究对象,采用地下水污染解析技术对枯丰水期水源地污染源结构和特征进行了刻画,在此基础上采用污染源-途径-受体模型进行了枯丰两季水源地区域污染风险评价,综合分析了季节变化条件和人类活动共同作用下对傍河水源地地下水水质安全的影响.结果表明,基于源解析的地下水污染源在枯丰季节里表现出不同的空间分布特征,主要受水源地开采引起的水-岩相互作用、原生地质影响下高Fe3+、Mn2+污染、人类活动影响下的氮污染和有机污染等共同作用;污染风险评价结果显示,在枯丰水期水源地均处于较低风险水平,其差异性体现在丰水期水源地南部呼兰河沿岸区域水质污染风险较高,枯水期高风险区主要分布于河岸周边及人类活动密集区,因此枯水期的人类活动对区域地下水污染风险影响大,是水源地综合污染管控的重点.
Riverbank filtration is internationally accepted as a safe new method for extracting drinking water. This paper describes the structure and characteristics of pollution sources in the Hulan water source area of Harbin during wet and dry seasons,based on groundwater pollution sources apportionment technology. Pollution risk of the water source area was also assessed using the pollution sources-pathway-receptor model. Impacts on water quality safety under the collective effects of seasonal changes and human activities were then analyzed. Results showed that groundwater pollution sources have different spatial distribution characteristics based on pollution source apportionment during wet and dry seasons,with four principal influencing factors:(1)water-rock interaction caused by exploitation of water sources,(2) natural geological processes resulting from dissolution of iron manganese minerals,and pollution by(3) nitrogen and(4) organics in response to human activities. Pollution risk assessment showed that water sources were at low risk during both wet and dry seasons. However,the south area of the water source area showed high groundwater pollution risk during the wet season,while other high-risk areas were mainly distributed around the riverbanks and densely populated areas during the dry season.These findings indicate that human activities greatly influence groundwater pollution risk during the dry season; accordingly,this season should be the focus of integrated water quality management and control for the water source area.
Riverbank filtration is internationally accepted as a safe new method for extracting drinking water. This paper describes the structure and characteristics of pollution sources in the Hulan water source area of Harbin during wet and dry seasons,based on groundwater pollution sources apportionment technology. Pollution risk of the water source area was also assessed using the pollution sources-pathway-receptor model. Impacts on water quality safety under the collective effects of seasonal changes and human activities were then analyzed. Results showed that groundwater pollution sources have different spatial distribution characteristics based on pollution source apportionment during wet and dry seasons,with four principal influencing factors:(1)water-rock interaction caused by exploitation of water sources,(2) natural geological processes resulting from dissolution of iron manganese minerals,and pollution by(3) nitrogen and(4) organics in response to human activities. Pollution risk assessment showed that water sources were at low risk during both wet and dry seasons. However,the south area of the water source area showed high groundwater pollution risk during the wet season,while other high-risk areas were mainly distributed around the riverbanks and densely populated areas during the dry season.These findings indicate that human activities greatly influence groundwater pollution risk during the dry season; accordingly,this season should be the focus of integrated water quality management and control for the water source area.
引文
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[17]陈克亮,朱晓东,朱波,等.川中小流域地下水硝态氮的时空变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1060-1064.Chen K L,Zhu X D,Zhu B,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of no-3-n pollution in groundwater in small watershed of central Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(4):1060-1064.
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[19]孙才志,陈相涛,陈雪姣,等.地下水污染风险评价研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(5):152-161.Sun C Z,Chen X T,Chen X J,et al.Recent advances in groundwater contamination risk assessment[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(5):152-161.
[20]邰托娅,王金生,王业耀,等.我国地下水污染风险评价方法研究进展[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(6):648-653.Tai T Y,Wang J S,Wang Y Y,et al.Groundwater pollution risk assessments in China[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2012,48(6):648-653.
[21]孙国敏,王春雷,张淑霞.黑龙江省地表水铁锰超标成因分析[J].东北水利水电,2013,31(4):34-35,40.Sun G M,Wang C L,Zhang S X.Causes analyze of overstandard iron and manganese in surface water in Heilongjiang province[J].Water Resources&Hydropower of Northeast China,2013,31(4):34-35,40.
[22]申利娜,李广贺.地下水污染风险区划方法研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):918-923.Shen L N,Li G H.Groundwater pollution risk mapping method[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(4):918-923.
[23]江剑,董殿伟,杨冠宁,等.北京市海淀区地下水污染风险性评价[J].城市地质,2010,5(2):14-18.Jiang J,Dong D W,Yang G N,et al.Risk assessment of groundwater pollution of Haidian district of Beijing[J].Urban Geology,2010,5(2):14-18.
[24]马金珠,魏红.民勤地下水资源开发引起的生态与环境问题[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(4):261-265.Ma J Z,Wei H.The ecological and environmental problems caused by the excessive exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in the Minqin basin,Gansu province[J].Arid Zone Research,2003,20(4):261-265.
[25]Zhang B,Song X F,Zhang Y H,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain,Northeast China[J].Water Research,2012,46(8):2737-2748.
[26]Amano H,Nakagawa K,Berndtsson R.Groundwater geochemistry of a nitrate-contaminated agricultural site[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(15):1145.
[27]崔健,都基众,马宏伟,等.基于因子分析的浑河冲洪积扇地浅层地下水水质影响因素辨析[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(7):45-48,51.Cui J,Du J Z,Ma H W,et al.Distinguishing significant factors for shallow groundwater quality in the Hunhe river alluvial fan based on factor analysis[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2011,(7):45-48,51.
[28]Chen H Y,Teng Y G,Yue W F,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of water pollution in Jinjiang River,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(11):9639-9650.
[29]Wakida F T,Lerner D N.Non-agricultural sources of groundwater nitrate:a review and case study[J].Water Research,2005,39(1):3-16.
[2]Maeng S K,Ameda E,Sharma S K,et al.Organic micropollutant removal from wastewater effluent-impacted drinking water sources during bank filtration and artificial recharge[J].Water Research,2010,44(14):4003-4014.
[3]Doussan C,Poitevin G,Ledoux E,et al.River bank filtration:modelling of the changes in water chemistry with emphasis on nitrogen species[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1997,25(1-2):129-156.
[4]李铎,宋雪琳,张燕君.傍河地下水水源地污染模式研究[J].地球学报,2000,21(2):202-206.Li D,Song X L,Zhang Y J.A study on the pollution model of groundwater supply source beside the river[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2000,21(2):202-206.
[5]郭学茹,左锐,闫俊岭,等.基于傍河水源地污染特征的水质安全控制技术分析[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(3):267-273.Guo X R,Zuo R,Yan J L,et al.Control technology for the security of water quality based on pollution characteristics in riverbank groundwater resource area[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2015,51(3):267-273.
[6]郑尚,刘国东,王亮,等.傍河水源地地下水污染风险评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(2):82-85.
[7]Zhang D L,Liu J Q,Jiang X J,et al.Distribution,sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sediments from the Luan River Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,102(1):223-229.
[8]陈海洋,滕彦国,王金生,等.基于NMF与CMB耦合应用的水体污染源解析方法[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(2):316-321.Chen H Y,Teng Y G,Wang J S,et al.Apportionment techniques of water pollution sources by coupling the model of chemical mass balance and the procedure of nonnegative matrix factorization[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(2):316-321.
[9]金赞芳,龚嘉临,施伊丽,等.沉积物-水界面氮的源解析和硝化反硝化[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1423-1430.Jin Z F,Gong J L,Shi Y L,et al.Nitrate source identification and nitrification-denitrification at the sediment-water interface[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1423-1430.
[10]苏丹,唐大元,刘兰岚,等.水环境污染源解析研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(2):749-755.Su D,Tang D Y,Liu L L,et al.Reviews on source apportionment of pollutions in water environment[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(2):749-755.
[11]崔璇,武亮.主成分分析(PCA)在地学研究中的应用进展[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学、医学版),2009,30(4):41-48.Cui X,Wu L.Applications of principal component analysis to geosciences:review and prospect[J].Journal of the Graduates Sun Yat-Sen University(Natural Sciences、Medicine),2009,30(4):41-48.
[12]孟利,左锐,王金生,等.基于PCA-APCS-MLR的地下水污染源定量解析研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3773-3786.Meng L,Zuo R,Wang J S,et al.Quantitative source apportionment of groundwater pollution based on PCA-APCSMLR[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(10):3773-3786.
[13]滕彦国,苏洁,翟远征,等.地下水污染风险评价的迭置指数法研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(10):1140-1147.Teng Y G,Su J,Zhai Y Z,et al.A review on the overlay and index method for groundwater pollution risk assessment[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2012,27(10):1140-1147.
[14]王红娜,何江涛,马文洁,等.两种不同的地下水污染风险评价体系对比分析:以北京市平原区为例[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):186-193.Wang H N,He J T,Ma W J,et al.Comparative analysis of two different methods for risk assessment of groundwater pollution:a case study in Beijing plain[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):186-193.
[15]滕彦国,左锐,苏小四,等.区域地下水环境风险评价技术方法[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1532-1539.Teng Y G,Zuo R,Su X S,et al.Technique for assessing environmental risk of regional groundwater[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(12):1532-1539.
[16]赵鹏,何江涛,王曼丽,等.地下水污染风险评价中污染源荷载量化方法的对比分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2754-2762.Zhao P,He J T,Wang M L,et al.Comparison and analysis of the quantitative methods for pollutant sources load in groundwater contamination risk assessment[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2754-2762.
[17]陈克亮,朱晓东,朱波,等.川中小流域地下水硝态氮的时空变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):1060-1064.Chen K L,Zhu X D,Zhu B,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of no-3-n pollution in groundwater in small watershed of central Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2006,25(4):1060-1064.
[18]陆海燕,辛宝东,孙颖,等.北京市平原区地下水有机污染时空分布特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(1):34-40.Lu H Y,Xin B D,Sun Y,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of organic contamination in groundwater in the Beijing plain[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):34-40.
[19]孙才志,陈相涛,陈雪姣,等.地下水污染风险评价研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(5):152-161.Sun C Z,Chen X T,Chen X J,et al.Recent advances in groundwater contamination risk assessment[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(5):152-161.
[20]邰托娅,王金生,王业耀,等.我国地下水污染风险评价方法研究进展[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(6):648-653.Tai T Y,Wang J S,Wang Y Y,et al.Groundwater pollution risk assessments in China[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2012,48(6):648-653.
[21]孙国敏,王春雷,张淑霞.黑龙江省地表水铁锰超标成因分析[J].东北水利水电,2013,31(4):34-35,40.Sun G M,Wang C L,Zhang S X.Causes analyze of overstandard iron and manganese in surface water in Heilongjiang province[J].Water Resources&Hydropower of Northeast China,2013,31(4):34-35,40.
[22]申利娜,李广贺.地下水污染风险区划方法研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):918-923.Shen L N,Li G H.Groundwater pollution risk mapping method[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(4):918-923.
[23]江剑,董殿伟,杨冠宁,等.北京市海淀区地下水污染风险性评价[J].城市地质,2010,5(2):14-18.Jiang J,Dong D W,Yang G N,et al.Risk assessment of groundwater pollution of Haidian district of Beijing[J].Urban Geology,2010,5(2):14-18.
[24]马金珠,魏红.民勤地下水资源开发引起的生态与环境问题[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(4):261-265.Ma J Z,Wei H.The ecological and environmental problems caused by the excessive exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in the Minqin basin,Gansu province[J].Arid Zone Research,2003,20(4):261-265.
[25]Zhang B,Song X F,Zhang Y H,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen plain,Northeast China[J].Water Research,2012,46(8):2737-2748.
[26]Amano H,Nakagawa K,Berndtsson R.Groundwater geochemistry of a nitrate-contaminated agricultural site[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(15):1145.
[27]崔健,都基众,马宏伟,等.基于因子分析的浑河冲洪积扇地浅层地下水水质影响因素辨析[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(7):45-48,51.Cui J,Du J Z,Ma H W,et al.Distinguishing significant factors for shallow groundwater quality in the Hunhe river alluvial fan based on factor analysis[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2011,(7):45-48,51.
[28]Chen H Y,Teng Y G,Yue W F,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of water pollution in Jinjiang River,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(11):9639-9650.
[29]Wakida F T,Lerner D N.Non-agricultural sources of groundwater nitrate:a review and case study[J].Water Research,2005,39(1):3-16.