水肥处理对基质栽培西瓜生长、水分利用效率及光合特性的影响
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摘要
探讨水肥耦合效应对基质栽培西瓜生长状况与水分利用效率的影响,为基质栽培西瓜的高效生产提供科学依据。本试验在田间温室条件下,基质栽培西瓜"苏蜜8号",通过设置3个水分梯度和4个施肥梯度,研究不同水肥处理对西瓜产量、光合特性和灌溉水分利用效率的影响。试验结果显示,在中水处理(整季60L)下,施肥量为N-P_2O_5-K_2O (20g-10g-30g)的养分供应下,西瓜产量和植株生物量达最高值。水分、肥料及二者交互作用对西瓜产量和植株地下部生物量的影响都达到了显著水平(P<0.05),且影响大小顺序为肥料作用>水分作用>交互作用。灌溉水分利用效率随灌溉量的增加水分利用效率降低,在同一水分条件下,适量增肥可提高灌溉水利用效率。水肥交互作用对西瓜不同生育期内叶片净光合速率的影响均达显著水平(P<0.05),但对叶片蒸腾速率只有在膨瓜期内影响较大,在苗期影响蒸腾速率的主要因子是灌水量。
This study aims at discovering the relations of water and fertilizer coupling with the growth and water use efficiency of watermelon cultivated by organic substrate in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-efficient production of watermelon in greenhouse. Watermelon variety ‘Sumi 8' was used, three irrigation levels and four fertilization levels were designed. The results showed that maximum yield and plant biomass were obtained in middle irrigation level(60 L) and(20-10-30) g(N-P_2O_5-K_2O) fertilization level. There were strongly synergistic effects between water and fertilizer on yield and plant root biomass of watermelon(P<0.05), and the effects were in order of fertilization > water > interaction. Water use efficiency of watermelon was reduced with the increasing of irrigation levels, but increased with the increasing of fertilizer under the same irrigation levels. The interaction effects of water and fertilization on photosynthetic characters of watermelon leaves were significant in different growth periods(P<0.05), but only significant on transpiration rate in the expansion period of watermelon.
This study aims at discovering the relations of water and fertilizer coupling with the growth and water use efficiency of watermelon cultivated by organic substrate in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-efficient production of watermelon in greenhouse. Watermelon variety ‘Sumi 8' was used, three irrigation levels and four fertilization levels were designed. The results showed that maximum yield and plant biomass were obtained in middle irrigation level(60 L) and(20-10-30) g(N-P_2O_5-K_2O) fertilization level. There were strongly synergistic effects between water and fertilizer on yield and plant root biomass of watermelon(P<0.05), and the effects were in order of fertilization > water > interaction. Water use efficiency of watermelon was reduced with the increasing of irrigation levels, but increased with the increasing of fertilizer under the same irrigation levels. The interaction effects of water and fertilization on photosynthetic characters of watermelon leaves were significant in different growth periods(P<0.05), but only significant on transpiration rate in the expansion period of watermelon.
引文
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[20]李玮,张佳宝,张丛志,等.秸秆还田方式和施肥对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(2):214-219
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[2]柏彦超,周雄飞,赵学辉,等.蚓粪基质克服西瓜连作障碍的应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(8):212-216
[3]Olle M,Ngouajio M,Siomos A.Vegetable quality and productivity as influenced by growing medium:Areview[J].Zemdirbyste-agriculture,2012,99(4):399-408
[4]Recamales A F,Medina J L,Hernanz D.Physicochemical characteristics and mineral content of strawberries grown in soil and soilless system[J].Journal of Food Quality,2010,30(5):837-853
[5]李伟明,黄忠阳,杜鹃,等.不同配方栽培基质对番茄苗期生长的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(2):283-286
[6]汪晓云,高丽红,汤青川.关于无土栽培发展中若干问题的探讨(4)果菜基质无土栽培中的相关问题[J].农业工程技术,2016(22):56-59
[7]孙媛,胡克林,邱建军,等.不同水肥管理下设施黄瓜地氮素损失及水氮利用效率模拟分析[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(8):1635-1645
[8]王景燕,龚伟,包秀兰,等.水肥耦合对汉源花椒幼苗叶片光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(5):1321-1330
[9]李翊华,张芬琴,陈修斌,等.温室水肥耦合对甜椒生长和果期叶片光合特性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(2):415-421
[10]高飞,王若水,许华森,等.晋西黄土区水肥调控对苹果-玉米间作系统玉米灌浆期穗位叶光合生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(8):2477-2490
[11]李建明,潘铜华,王玲慧,等.水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):82-90
[12]王鹏勃,李建明,丁娟娟,等.水肥耦合对温室袋培番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(2):314-323
[13]赵炳梓,徐富安,周刘宗,等.水肥(N)双因素下的小麦产量及水分利用率[J].土壤,2003,35(2):122-125
[14]张文元,郭晓敏,涂淑萍,等.水肥对高产无性系油茶果实产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):768-775
[15]张洁瑕,刘树庆,宁国辉,等.不同水肥耦合对西芹收获期土壤硝酸盐累积的影响[J].土壤,2009,41(4):641-648
[16]赵海燕,孙志国,管永祥,等.保水缓释肥对盐胁迫下水稻矿质元素分配的调控[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1316-1325
[17]王铁良,周罕琳,李波,等.水肥耦合对树莓光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):286-290
[18]张锐,张琦,陈加利,等.水肥耦合对核桃光合特性与品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(6):1170-1178
[19]周静,汪天,崔键,等.红壤水分调节对柑桔叶片叶绿素和光合特性的影响[J].土壤,2008,40(5):833-836
[20]李玮,张佳宝,张丛志,等.秸秆还田方式和施肥对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(2):214-219
[21]杨小龙,须晖,李天来,等.外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下番茄叶片光合作用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(16):3186-3195