优化型桥梁金属耗能隔震挡块的抗震性能研究
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摘要
通过对桥梁金属耗能隔震挡块进行形状优化,提高桥梁的抗震性能,解决桥梁在地震中的落梁破坏问题,保证桥上与桥下的人员与车辆以及周围建筑物在地震中的安全。对耗能挡块在不同地震水准的工作状态进行研究,明确工作机理,优化其构造形式。按照一定比例半径的圆弧对挡块形状进行优化,对5组不同高宽比(γ为1. 25,1. 11,1,0. 9,0. 8)的耗能挡块建立有限元精细化模型,每组耗能挡块均设计1个同高度的传统矩形形状的对比件进行研究,模拟其弹塑性力学行为以及低周疲劳性能。分析耗能挡块的耗能能力与塑性应变分布规律,提出优化型耗能挡块耗能量的超强比(优化型挡块耗能量与传统型挡块耗能量比值)计算公式。数值仿真结果表明,根据真实的材性试验数据定义有限元模型的应力应变关系,可以更加真实地模拟金属的力学行为;优化型桥梁金属耗能隔震挡块具有良好的耗能能力与低周疲劳性能,优化后的桥梁隔震挡块累积等效塑性应变明显减小,最大值较优化之前减小28. 05%～30. 4%,耗能分布更加均匀,延性更好;文中给出的优化型耗能挡块耗能量超强比公式与数值仿真计算结果吻合较好,可计算优化后的隔震挡块真实耗能能力。为桥梁的减震设计提供分析依据,为完善相应的设计规范奠定理论基础。
The shape of bridge metal energy consumption isolation stopper is optimized to increase the seismic capacity of bridge,to solve the problem of bridge girder failure in earthquake,to avoid the bridge and the staff and vehicles on and under bridge from damaging in the earthquake,and to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings. The working states of the stopper under different earthquake levels are studied,the working mechanism is clarified,and its structural form is optimized. According to the circular arc of a certain proportional radius,the shape of the stopper is optimized. The finite element refinement models for 5 kinds of energy dissipation stoppers with different aspect ratios(1. 25,1. 11,1,0. 9,0. 8) are established,1 traditional rectangular stopper with the same height is designed for comparing each group of the optimized stopper and simulating the elastoplastic mechanical behavior and low cycle fatigue performance. The energy dissipation capacity and the plastic strain distribution rule of the energy consumption stopper are analyzed,and the formula for calculating the ratio of the energy consumption of optimized stopper to that of original stopper is derived. The numerical simulation result shows that(1) The stress-strain relationship of the FEmodel that defined according to the real material test data can simulate the mechanical behavior of the metal more truthfully.(2) The optimized bridge metal energy dissipation stopper has good energy dissipation capacity and low cycle fatigue performance. The maximum accumulate equivalent plastic strain of the optimized stopper is obviously reduced as 28. 05%-30. 4%,the energy dissipation distribution is more uniform,and the ductility is better. The proposed formula about the energy consumption ratio coincides the numerical simulation result very well,which can calculate the true energy dissipation capacity of the optimized stopper,which can provide a analysis basis for the bridge damping design and lays a theoretical foundation for improvement of corresponding design specifications.
The shape of bridge metal energy consumption isolation stopper is optimized to increase the seismic capacity of bridge,to solve the problem of bridge girder failure in earthquake,to avoid the bridge and the staff and vehicles on and under bridge from damaging in the earthquake,and to ensure the safety of surrounding buildings. The working states of the stopper under different earthquake levels are studied,the working mechanism is clarified,and its structural form is optimized. According to the circular arc of a certain proportional radius,the shape of the stopper is optimized. The finite element refinement models for 5 kinds of energy dissipation stoppers with different aspect ratios(1. 25,1. 11,1,0. 9,0. 8) are established,1 traditional rectangular stopper with the same height is designed for comparing each group of the optimized stopper and simulating the elastoplastic mechanical behavior and low cycle fatigue performance. The energy dissipation capacity and the plastic strain distribution rule of the energy consumption stopper are analyzed,and the formula for calculating the ratio of the energy consumption of optimized stopper to that of original stopper is derived. The numerical simulation result shows that(1) The stress-strain relationship of the FEmodel that defined according to the real material test data can simulate the mechanical behavior of the metal more truthfully.(2) The optimized bridge metal energy dissipation stopper has good energy dissipation capacity and low cycle fatigue performance. The maximum accumulate equivalent plastic strain of the optimized stopper is obviously reduced as 28. 05%-30. 4%,the energy dissipation distribution is more uniform,and the ductility is better. The proposed formula about the energy consumption ratio coincides the numerical simulation result very well,which can calculate the true energy dissipation capacity of the optimized stopper,which can provide a analysis basis for the bridge damping design and lays a theoretical foundation for improvement of corresponding design specifications.
引文
[1]王东升,郭迅,孙治国,等.汶川大地震公路桥梁震害初步调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(3):84-94.WANG Dong-sheng, GUO Xun, SUN Zhi-guo, et al.Damage to Highway Bridges during Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,29(3):84-94.
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[6]惠迎新,王克海,李冲.跨断层地表破裂带桥梁震害研究及抗震概念设计[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(10):51-57.HUI Ying-xin, WANG Ke-hai, LI Chong. Study of Seismic Damage and Seismic Conceptual Design of Bridges across Fault Surface Rupture Zones[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(10):51-57.
[7]李春凤.汶川地震桥梁震害与延性抗震设计探讨[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(4):98-102.LI Chun-feng. Discussion on Bridge Damage in Wenchuan Earthquake and Seismic Ductility Design[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2009,26(4):98-102.
[8]李志强,李金贝,张鸿儒.公路路基震害特征及震后工作状态的安全评估[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(8):57-62.LI Zhi-qiang,LI Jin-bei,ZHANG Hong-ru. Earthquake Damage Characteristics and Safety Assessment of Postearthquake Working Status of Road Subgrade[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(8):57-62.
[9]朱文正,徐忠根.隔震桥梁横桥向挡块设计研究[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(3):407-411.ZHU Wen-zheng, XU Zhong-gen. Design Method for Seismic Blocks of an Isolation Bridge[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011, 28(3):407-411.
[10]王克海,韦韩,李茜,等.中小跨径公路桥梁抗震设计理念[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(9):115-121.WANG Ke-hai,WEI Han,LI Qian,et al. Philosophies on Seismic Design of Highway Bridges of Small or Medium Spans[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(9):115-121.
[11] BILLAH A H M,ALAM M S,BHUIYAN A R. Seismic Performance of a Multi-span Bridge Fitted with Superelastic SMA-based Isolator[C]//IABSE-JSCE Joint Conference on Advances in Bridge Engineering-II. Dhaka:IABSE,2010:8-10.
[12] PADGETT J E, DESROCHES R. Three-dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Performance Evaluation of Retrofit Measures for Typical Steel Girder Bridges[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(7):1869-1878.
[13]邓开来,潘鹏,冉田苒,等.耗能型桥梁抗震挡块试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(22):7-12.DENG Kai-lai, PAN Peng, RAN Tian-ran, et al.Experimental Study on Energy Dissipation Stopper for Bridge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(22):7-12.
[14] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design[S]. Washington, D. C.:AASHTO,2009.
[15]朱柏洁.轴力作用下剪切钢板阻尼器力学性能试验研究[C]//第26届全国结构工程学术会议论文集(第Ⅲ册).长沙:[出版者不详],2017:384-388.ZHU Bai-jie. Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Steel Shear Panel Dampers under Axial Loads[C]//The 26th National Conference on Structure Engineering(Volume 3). Changsha:[s. n.],2017:384-388.
[16]朱柏洁.形状优化的菱形开孔剪切型金属阻尼器减震性能研究[C]//第十届全国结构减震控制学术会议.大连:[出版者不详],2017:333-341.ZHU Bai-jie. Study on Mechanical Behavior of Steel Shear Panel Dampers with Optimized Diamond Hole[C]//Proceeding of 10th National Conference on Structural Vibration Control. Dalian:[s. n.],2017:333-341.
[17]田芳,刘财喜,刘芳,等. Q235钢真实应力-应变曲线研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(4):182-186.TIAN Fang,LIU Cai-xi,LIU Fang,et al. Research on the True Stress-strain Curves of Q235 Steel[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2011,31(4):182-186.
[18] American Institute of Steel Construction. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings[R]. Chicago:American Institute of Steel Construction,2010.
[2]熊立红,兰日清,王玉梅,等.芦山7. 0级强烈地震建筑结构震害调查[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(4):35-43.XIONG Li-hong,LAN Ri-qing,WANG Yu-mei,et al.Earthquake Damage Investigation of Structures in 7. 0Lushan Strong Earthquake[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(4):35-43.
[3]曲哲,钟江荣,孙景江.四川芦山7. 0级地震中非抗震设防民居震害特征[J].建筑结构学报,2014,35(5):157-164.QU Zhe,ZHONG Jiang-rong,SUN Jing-jiang. Seismic Damages of Non-seismic Design Residential Houses in the M7. 0 Lushan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Building Structures,2014,35(5):157-164.
[4]曲哲,钟江荣,孙景江.芦山7. 0级地震砌体结构的震害特征[J].地震工程与工程振动,2013,33(3):27-35.QU Zhe,ZHONG Jiang-rong,SUN Jing-jiang. Seismic Damage to Masonry Structures in M7. 0 Lushan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(3):27-35.
[5]李英民,韩军,刘立平,等.“5. 12”汶川地震砌体结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,41(5):606-611.LI Ying-min,HAN Jun,LIU Li-ping,et al. Investigation and Analysis of Masonry Building Damage Caused by the5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture&Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,41(5):606-611.
[6]惠迎新,王克海,李冲.跨断层地表破裂带桥梁震害研究及抗震概念设计[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(10):51-57.HUI Ying-xin, WANG Ke-hai, LI Chong. Study of Seismic Damage and Seismic Conceptual Design of Bridges across Fault Surface Rupture Zones[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(10):51-57.
[7]李春凤.汶川地震桥梁震害与延性抗震设计探讨[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(4):98-102.LI Chun-feng. Discussion on Bridge Damage in Wenchuan Earthquake and Seismic Ductility Design[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2009,26(4):98-102.
[8]李志强,李金贝,张鸿儒.公路路基震害特征及震后工作状态的安全评估[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(8):57-62.LI Zhi-qiang,LI Jin-bei,ZHANG Hong-ru. Earthquake Damage Characteristics and Safety Assessment of Postearthquake Working Status of Road Subgrade[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(8):57-62.
[9]朱文正,徐忠根.隔震桥梁横桥向挡块设计研究[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(3):407-411.ZHU Wen-zheng, XU Zhong-gen. Design Method for Seismic Blocks of an Isolation Bridge[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2011, 28(3):407-411.
[10]王克海,韦韩,李茜,等.中小跨径公路桥梁抗震设计理念[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(9):115-121.WANG Ke-hai,WEI Han,LI Qian,et al. Philosophies on Seismic Design of Highway Bridges of Small or Medium Spans[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(9):115-121.
[11] BILLAH A H M,ALAM M S,BHUIYAN A R. Seismic Performance of a Multi-span Bridge Fitted with Superelastic SMA-based Isolator[C]//IABSE-JSCE Joint Conference on Advances in Bridge Engineering-II. Dhaka:IABSE,2010:8-10.
[12] PADGETT J E, DESROCHES R. Three-dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Performance Evaluation of Retrofit Measures for Typical Steel Girder Bridges[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(7):1869-1878.
[13]邓开来,潘鹏,冉田苒,等.耗能型桥梁抗震挡块试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(22):7-12.DENG Kai-lai, PAN Peng, RAN Tian-ran, et al.Experimental Study on Energy Dissipation Stopper for Bridge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(22):7-12.
[14] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design[S]. Washington, D. C.:AASHTO,2009.
[15]朱柏洁.轴力作用下剪切钢板阻尼器力学性能试验研究[C]//第26届全国结构工程学术会议论文集(第Ⅲ册).长沙:[出版者不详],2017:384-388.ZHU Bai-jie. Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Steel Shear Panel Dampers under Axial Loads[C]//The 26th National Conference on Structure Engineering(Volume 3). Changsha:[s. n.],2017:384-388.
[16]朱柏洁.形状优化的菱形开孔剪切型金属阻尼器减震性能研究[C]//第十届全国结构减震控制学术会议.大连:[出版者不详],2017:333-341.ZHU Bai-jie. Study on Mechanical Behavior of Steel Shear Panel Dampers with Optimized Diamond Hole[C]//Proceeding of 10th National Conference on Structural Vibration Control. Dalian:[s. n.],2017:333-341.
[17]田芳,刘财喜,刘芳,等. Q235钢真实应力-应变曲线研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(4):182-186.TIAN Fang,LIU Cai-xi,LIU Fang,et al. Research on the True Stress-strain Curves of Q235 Steel[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2011,31(4):182-186.
[18] American Institute of Steel Construction. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings[R]. Chicago:American Institute of Steel Construction,2010.